Intermittent high glucose induces pyroptosis of rat H9C2 cardiomyocytes via sodium–glucose cotransporter 1

Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry - Cardiomyocyte death is an important pathogenic process in cardiac complications of diabetes. Diabetic patients often suffer glycemic variability. Pyroptosis is...     

阿霉素抗4T1乳腺癌荷瘤小鼠的免疫调控机制

为了探讨阿霉素 (Adriamycin,ADM) 对4T1乳腺癌荷瘤鼠BALB/c的免疫调节作用,采用定量蛋白质组学串联质量标签 (TMT) 标记技术检测ADM对4T1乳腺癌差异蛋白的影响,利用多重数据库对差异蛋白进行生物信息学分析。根据蛋白质组学结果,寻找差异蛋白中与免疫调节功能相关的靶点,通过酶联免疫吸附测定 (Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA) 观察ADM对乳腺癌组织中Th1细胞 (Helper T cells 1,Th1) 和Th2细胞 (Helper T cells 2,Th2) 的影响;通过流式细胞术分析ADM对CD4+ T细胞、CD8+ T细胞和调节性T细胞 (Regulatory T cells,Tregs) 的影响;HE染色观察ADM对4T1乳腺癌荷瘤鼠胸腺的改变。ADM上调170种差异蛋白,下调58种差异蛋白。有73种差异蛋白与免疫调控过程相关,KEGG (Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes,KEGG) 富集于细胞因子及受体相关的重要蛋白通路、白介素17 (Interleukin 17,IL-17) 通路和癌症的转录调控通路。与免疫功能相关的差异蛋白与CD4+ T细胞、CD8+ T细胞和Tregs细胞的功能有关,而这些细胞的分型影响乳腺癌的预后。ADM极显著升高白介素2 (Interleukin 2,IL-2),CD4+ T细胞、CD8+ T淋巴细胞含量 (P<0.01),显著降低Tregs细胞含量 (P<0.05)。ADM抗乳腺癌的免疫调节蛋白有Ighm、Igkc、S100A8、S100A9和Tmsb4x。     

Tetraspanin 1 as a mediator of fibrosis inhibits EMT process and Smad2/3 and beta‐catenin pathway in human pulmonary fibrosis

Tetraspanin 1(TSPAN1) as a clinically relevant gene target in cancer has been studied, but there is no direct in vivo or vitro evidence for pulmonary fibrosis (PF). Using reanalysing Gene Expression Omnibus data, here, we show for the first time that TSPAN1 was markedly down‐regulated in lung tissue of patient with idiopathic PF (IPF) and verified the reduced protein expression of TSPAN1 in lung tissue samples of patient with IPF and bleomycin‐induced PF mice. The expression of TSPAN1 was decreased and associated with transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β₁)‐induced molecular characteristics of epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) in alveolar epithelial cells (AECs). Silencing TSPAN1 promoted cell migration, and the expression of alpha‐smooth muscle actin, vimentin and E‐cadherin in AECs with TGF‐β₁ treatment, while exogenous TSPAN1 has the converse effects. Moreover, silencing TSPAN1 promotes the phosphorylation of Smad2/3 and stabilizes beta‐catenin protein, however, overexpressed TSPAN1 impeded TGF‐β₁‐induced activation of Smad2/3 and beta‐catenin pathway in AECs. Together, our study implicates TSPAN1 as a key regulator in the process of EMT in AECs of IPF.     

Overlapping motifs (PTAP and PPEY) within the Ebola virus VP40 protein function independently as late budding domains: involvement of host proteins TSG101 and VPS-4

The VP40 protein of Ebola virus can bud from mammalian cells in the form of lipid-bound, virus-like particles (VLPs), and late budding domains (L-domains) are conserved motifs (PTAP, PPxY, or YxxL; where "x" is any amino acid) that facilitate the budding of VP40-containing VLPs. VP40 is unique in that potential overlapping L-domains with the sequences PTAP and PPEY are present at amino acids 7 to 13 of VP40 (PTAPPEY). L-domains are thought to function by interacting with specific cellular proteins, such as the ubiquitin ligase Nedd4, and a component of the vacuolar protein sorting (vps) pathway, tsg101. Mutational analysis of the PTAPPEY sequence of VP40 was performed to understand further the contribution of each individual motif in promoting VP40 budding. In addition, the contribution of tsg101 and a second member of the vps pathway, vps4, in facilitating budding was addressed. Our results indicate that (i) both the PTAP and PPEY motifs contribute to efficient budding of VP40-containing VLPs; (ii) PTAP and PPEY can function as L-domains when separated and moved from the N terminus (amino acid position 7) to the C terminus (amino acid position 316) of full-length VP40; (iii) A VP40-PTAP/tsg101 interaction recruits tsg101 into budding VLPs; (iv) a VP40-PTAP/tsg101 interaction recruits VP40 into lipid raft microdomains; and (v) a dominant-negative mutant of vps4 (E228Q), but not wild-type vps4, significantly inhibited the budding of Ebola virus (Zaire). These results provide important insights into the complex interplay between viral and host proteins during the late stages of Ebola virus budding.     

Ubiquitination of both adeno-associated virus type 2 and 5 capsid proteins affects the transduction efficiency of recombinant vectors

In the presence of complementing adeno-associated virus type 2 (AAV-2) Rep proteins, AAV-2 genomes can be pseudotyped with the AAV-5 capsid to assemble infectious virions. Using this pseudotyping strategy, the involvement of the ubiquitin-proteasome system in AAV-5 and AAV-2 capsid-mediated infections was compared. A recombinant AAV-2 (rAAV-2) proviral luciferase construct was packaged into both AAV-2 and AAV-5 capsid particles, and transduction efficiencies in a number of cell lines were compared. Using luciferase expression as the end point, we demonstrated that coadministration of the viruses with proteasome inhibitors not only increased the transduction efficiency of rAAV-2, as previously reported, but also augmented rAAV-5-mediated gene transfer. Increased transgene expression was independent of viral genome stability, since there was no significant difference in the amounts of internalized viral DNA in the presence or absence of proteasome inhibitors. Western blot assays of immunoprecipitated viral capsid proteins from infected HeLa cell lysates and in vitro reconstitution experiments revealed evidence for ubiquitin conjugation of both AAV-2 and AAV-5 capsids. Interestingly, heat-denatured virus particles were preferential substrates for in vitro ubiquitination, suggesting that endosomal processing of the viral capsid proteins is a prelude to ubiquitination. Furthermore, ubiquitination may be a signal for processing of the capsid at the time of virion disassembly. These studies suggest that the previously reported influences of the ubiquitin-proteasome system on rAAV-2 transduction are also active for rAAV-5 and provide a clearer mechanistic framework for understanding the functional significance of ubiquitination.     

肝细胞导向的促血小板生成素基因转移对化疗后血小板减少症模型治疗的初步研究

为了探讨受体介导的基因转移技术在治疗血小板减少症方面应用的可行性,将促血小板生成素（Ｔｈｒｏｍｂｏｐｏｉｅｔｉｎ,ＴＰＯ）基因克隆入质粒型ＥＢ病毒表达载体ｐＤＲ２中,并与半乳糖化组蛋白结合,从而制备了一种为肝细胞表面特异的脱唾液酸糖蛋白受体识别并内吞的核酸－蛋白复合物。在经化疗药物卡铂诱发的血小板减少症的实验动物大鼠中,同时静脉注射该复合物,可将ＴＰＯ基因特异地导入肝细胞并在其中得到表达。从而有效地阻止了血小板减少症的发生,提示了一种以非病毒感染方式对化疗后血小板减少症进行有效基因治疗的可能前景     

Down-Regulated microRNA-192-5p Protects Against Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Damage via Regulation of YAP1-Mediated Hippo Signaling Pathway

Neurochemical Research - Hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) is a familiar neurological disorder. Emerging reports manifest that microRNAs (miRs) are related to the progression of HIBD. The goal...     

Contribution of ebola virus glycoprotein, nucleoprotein, and VP24 to budding of VP40 virus-like particles

The VP40 matrix protein of Ebola virus buds from cells in the form of virus-like particles (VLPs) and plays a central role in virus assembly and budding. In this study, we utilized a functional budding assay and cotransfection experiments to examine the contributions of the glycoprotein (GP), nucleoprotein (NP), and VP24 of Ebola virus in facilitating release of VP40 VLPs. We demonstrate that VP24 alone does not affect VP40 VLP release, whereas NP and GP enhance release of VP40 VLPs, individually and to a greater degree in concert. We demonstrate further the following: (i). VP40 L domains are not required for GP-mediated enhancement of budding; (ii). the membrane-bound form of GP is necessary for enhancement of VP40 VLP release; (iii). NP appears to physically interact with VP40 as judged by detection of NP in VP40-containing VLPs; and (iv). the C-terminal 50 amino acids of NP may be important for interacting with and enhancing release of VP40 VLPs. These findings provide a more complete understanding of the role of VP40 and additional Ebola virus proteins during budding.