细胞重编程的分子机制

细胞重编程,尤其是诱导多能性干细胞的出现,给再生医学带来极大的希望。近年来,这方面的研究吸引了众多科学家的参与,也取得了非常丰富的成果。本文主要从转录因子、表观遗传和信号转导等角度,介绍了细胞重编程分子机制研究方面的进展和未来的方向。     

Reaction of hydroxyl radical with phenylpropanoid glycoside and its derivatives by pulse radiolysis

The reaction of hydroxyl radical with 1 phenylpropanoid glycoside ( PPG), cistanoside C, and its 3 derivatives: 1-O-β-D-2-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-ethanyl-glucose, 6-O-(E)-feruloyl-glucose and 6-O-(E)-p-hydroxy-cinnamoylglucose isolated from folk medicinal herbs was investigated by pulse radiolysis technique respectively. The reaction rate constants were determined by analysis of built-up trace of absorption at λ_(max) of specific transient absorption spectra of PPG and its derivatives upon attacking·OH. All four compounds react with·OH at close to diffusion controlled rate (1.03×10~9—19.139×10~9 L·mol~(-1)·s~(-1)), suggesting that they are effective·OH scavengers. The results demonstrated that the numbers of phenolic hydroxyl groups of PPG and its derivatives are directly related to their scavenging activities. By comparing the reaction rates of·OH with 1-O-β-D-2-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-ethanyl-glucose, 6-O-(E)-feruloyl-glueose or 6-O-(E)-p-hydroxy-cinnomoyl-glucose, it is evident that the phenylethyl g     

诱导多能干细胞在心血管疾病研究和治疗中的应用

诱导多能干细胞（induced pluripotent stem cells,iPS细胞）不仅具有与胚胎干细胞（embryonic stem cell,ESC）相似的各项特性,相对于ESC,iPS细胞,尤其患者特异性iPS细胞还具有来源方便、不存在免疫排斥和伦理问题以及可以保留特定个体基因型等优点,为再生医学提供了可能的细胞来源。该文主要从心血管药物的筛选、疾病模型的建立、iPS细胞应用于心脏移植研究等方面入手,探讨了iPS细胞在心血管疾病研究和治疗中的现状和未来。     

长链非编码RNA在神经系统疾病中的作用

转录本长度超过200个核苷酸(nt)的非编码RNA被称为长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)。lncRNA可在转录和转录后水平调控基因的表达,并作为信号分子、蛋白质复合物支架、分子诱饵实现其生物功能;lncRNA的表达与多种疾病的发生密切相关。现将综述lncRNA的功能及其在神经系统疾病中的研究进展,以期了解这些疾病的发病机制,并为治疗提供新的思路。