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1.
聚肽是20种α-氨基酸中的一种或者几种氨基酸通过酰胺键(肽键)联成的长链分子,此外还包含有其它非肽链结构的组成成分,具有和蛋白质类似的二级结构.由于其独特的结构和性能,近年来在组织工程领域聚肽被广泛地研究和应用,主要被用作生长因子、支架材料表面改性物以及支架材料.从以上3个方面介绍了近年来聚肽在骨组织工程领域的研究和应用情况,并对聚肽在骨组织工程研究领域的应用前景进行了展望.  相似文献   
2.
The reaction of hydroxyl radical with 1 phenylpropanoid glycoside ( PPG), cistanoside C, and its 3 derivatives: 1-O-β-D-2-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-ethanyl-glucose, 6-O-(E)-feruloyl-glucose and 6-O-(E)-p-hydroxy-cinnamoylglucose isolated from folk medicinal herbs was investigated by pulse radiolysis technique respectively. The reaction rate constants were determined by analysis of built-up trace of absorption at λ_(max) of specific transient absorption spectra of PPG and its derivatives upon attacking·OH. All four compounds react with·OH at close to diffusion controlled rate (1.03×10~9—19.139×10~9 L·mol~(-1)·s~(-1)), suggesting that they are effective·OH scavengers. The results demonstrated that the numbers of phenolic hydroxyl groups of PPG and its derivatives are directly related to their scavenging activities. By comparing the reaction rates of·OH with 1-O-β-D-2-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-ethanyl-glucose, 6-O-(E)-feruloyl-glueose or 6-O-(E)-p-hydroxy-cinnomoyl-glucose, it is evident that the phenylethyl g  相似文献   
3.
Riboflavin, suggested to be a radiosensitizer, was studied in murine thymocytes and human hepatoma L02 cell line in vitro with MTT method and fluorescence microscopy. When the murine thymocytes treated with 5–400 μmol/L riboflavin were irradiated by 5 Gy 60Co γ ionizing radiation, the low concentration groups, i.e. treated with 5–50 μmol/L riboflavin, showed a different surviving fractions-time relating correlation compared with the high concentration groups, i.e. treated with 100–400 μmol/L riboflavin. The former had a high survival level at the end of irradiation, but which, after 4-h incubation, decreased rapidly to a low level. On the contrary, the high concentration groups showed a low survival level at the end of irradiation, and a poor correlation was found between the surviving fraction and the incubation time, after 4 h a little difference was observed. The results of fluorescence microscopy indicated that under low concentration conditions, the riboflavin localized mainly in nucleus (both perinuclear area and inside of nuclear membrane), while under high concentration conditions, intensive riboflavin also localized around cytoplasmic membranes. Thus we can conclude: the riboflavin had radiosensitivity effect on DNA under low concentration conditions, and enhanced the damage to cytoplasmic membrane under high concentration conditions. Also the most effective concentration of riboflavin can be evaluated to be approximate 100 μmol/L.  相似文献   
4.
DNA damaged by oxygen radicals has been implicated as a causative event in a number of degenerative diseases, including cancer and aging. So it is very impotant to look for ways in which either oxygen radicals are scavenged prior to DNA damage or damaged DNA is repaired to supplement the cells' inadequate repair capacity. The repair activity and its mechanism of verbaseoside, isolated from Pedicularis species, towards dAMP-OH·was studied with pulse radiolytic technique. On pulse irradiation of nitrous oxide saturated 2 mmol/L dAMP aqueous solution containing verbascoside, the transient absorption spectrum of the hydroxyl adduct of dAMP decayed with the formation of that of the phenoxyl radical of verbascoside well under 100 microseconds after electron pulse irradiation. The result indicated that dAMP hydroxyl adducts can be repaired by verbascoside. The rate constants of the repair reaction was deduced to be 5.9×10~8 dm~3·mol~(-1)·s~(-1). A deeper understanding of this new repair mechanism will undo  相似文献   
5.
纳米二氧化钛的生物学效应   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
纳米二氧化钛在国内外的研究与应用已经非常广泛.在涂料、颜料、陶瓷、化妆等方面的应用与人体有密切的接触。由于物质在纳米尺度会产生很多宏观尺度所不具有的特殊效应,在宏观尺度被证实无毒无害的二氧化钛,当被制备到纳米尺度时,对人体的作用是否仍然安全,这个问题已引起一部分科学研究工作者的关注。该文简要介绍与纳米二氧化钛生物效应相关的一些特性;纳米二氧化钛毒性,包括纳米二氧化钛的渗透性、体内急性毒性、细胞毒性,以及对DNA的损伤等。目前国内外对纳米二氧化钛的毒性机制研究尚处在一个猜测性的阶段,其中对蛋白质、氨基酸等生物大分子作用的研究仍是一个空白。  相似文献   
6.
Using pulse radiolysis technique, the reaction between hydroxyl radical and 7 phenylpropanoidglycosides: echinacoside, verbascoside, leucosceptoside A, martynoside, pediculariosides A, M and N which were isolated from Pedicularis were examined. The rate constants of these reactions were determined by transient absorption spectra. All 7 phenylpropanoid glycosides react with hydroxyl radical at high rate constants within (0.97-1.91)×1010L · mol-1 · s-1. suggesting that they are effective hydroxyl radical scavengers. The results demonstrate that the numbers of phenolic hydroxyl groups of phenylpropanoid glycosides are directly related to their scavenging activities. The scavenging activities are likely related to o-dihydroxy group of phenylpropanoid glycosides as well.  相似文献   
7.
Repair effects of rutin and quercetin on purine deoxynucleotide radical cations were studied using pulse radiolysis technique. On electron pulse irradiation of N2 saturated deoxynucleotide aqueous solution containing 20 mmol/L K2S2O8, 200 mmol/Lt-BuOH and rutin or quercetin, the transient absorption spectra of the deoxynucleotide radical cations decayed quickly. At the same time, the spectra of flavonoid phenoxyl radicals formed within several dozen microseconds. The results indicated that deoxynucleotide radical cations can be repaired by flavonoids. The rate constants of the repair reactions were 3.8 ×108-4.4 ×108 mol−1 · L · s−1 and 1.3×108-1.8×108 mol−1 · L · s−1 for dAMP and dGMP radical cations, respectively.  相似文献   
8.
毛蕊花甙快速修复dAMP羟自由基加合物   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
活性氧造成的DNA损伤被认为是许多退行性疾病(包括癌症和衰老)的诱发事件.因此,探索清除活性氧和修复被活性氧损伤的DNA是非常重要的.利用脉冲辐解技术研究了从中药马先蒿中提取的毛蕊花甙对dAMP羟基加合物的修复能力与机制.脉冲辐照由氧化亚氮饱和的并含有毛蕊花甙的dAMP水溶液,发现伴随着dAMP羟基加合物瞬态吸收谱的衰减,生成了毛蕊花甙酚氧自由基瞬态吸收谱,表明毛蕊花甙可修复dAMP羟基加合物.修复反应的速率常数为5.9×108dm3·mol-1·s-1.对这一新的修复机制的深入了解有助于探讨新型防治药物.  相似文献   
9.
利用脉冲辐解技术研究了从民间中药中提取的一种苯丙素甙 :角胡麻甙C和 3种素似物 :红景天甙、6 氧 阿魏酰葡萄糖、6 氧 对羟基桂皮酰葡萄糖与羟自由基的反应 ,测得反应速率常数为 ( 1 .0 3~ 1 9.1 39)× 1 0 9 L·mol- 1·s- 1,说明上述苯丙素甙及其类似物是羟自由基的有效清除剂 .苯丙素甙及其类似物分子中酚羟基的数目与清除能力直接相关 ,即酚羟基数目越多 ,清除能力越强 .比较红景天甙、6 氧 阿魏酰葡萄糖和 6 氧 对羟基桂皮酰葡萄糖与羟自由基反应的速率常数 ,发现苯丙素甙分子中的苯乙基比苯丙烯酰基对清除羟自由基更为重要  相似文献   
10.
芦丁、槲皮素快速修复嘌呤脱氧核苷酸阳离子自由基   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
利用脉冲辐解技术研究了芦丁和槲皮素对嘌呤脱氧核苷酸阳离子自由基的修复作用. 脉冲辐照经N2饱和的含20 mmol/L K2S2O8, 200 mmol/L t-BuOH及芦丁或槲皮素的脱氧核苷酸中性水溶液, 几十个微秒内出现芦丁或槲皮素酚氧自由基的瞬态吸收谱, 同时先前形成的脱氧核苷酸阳离子自由基的瞬态吸收谱迅速衰减, 表明被试黄酮能够快速修复脱氧核苷酸阳离子自由基. 对dAMP和dGMP阳离子自由基的修复反应速率常数分别为(3.8 ~ 4.4)×108和(1.3 ~ 1.8)× 108 L/(mol·s).  相似文献   
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