小儿副轮状病毒的检出

用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法,从婴幼儿急性腹泻粪便中检出轮状病毒RNA电泳阳性293份,发现一株副轮状病毒(青-27株),此株病毒经电泳观察,呈典型的轮状病毒形态,但易破碎。ELISA检测表明不具有一般轮状病毒的特异性群抗原,病毒RNA基因组由11个片段组成,但电泳图型特殊,吴4:3:2:2排列模式,本文证实,此一小儿副轮状病毒与国外报道的,散发罕见的小儿副轮状病毒RNA电泳图型相同,提示此病毒的重要意义。     

多方法组合调查新疆阿勒泰地区6种常见鼠传致病菌流行状况

【背景】鼠传疾病是对人类危害较大的一种人兽共患病,全球化使得鼠传疾病流行区域不断扩大,出现了多种新发鼠传疾病的发生及旧传染病的复燃。【目的】调查新疆阿勒泰地区常见的鼠传致病菌在啮齿动物中的流行状况,为当地自然疫源性疾病防控提供科学依据。【方法】采用夹夜法捕获啮齿动物,无菌收集其脾脏和肾脏组织,提取基因组DNA。应用TaqMan探针法的荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(quantitative polymerase chain reaction, qPCR)检测巴尔通体(Bartonella spp.)、问号钩端螺旋体(Leptospirainterrogans)、恙虫病东方体(Orientiatsutsugamushi)、莫氏立克次体(Rickettsia mooseri)、嗜吞噬细胞无形体(Anaplasma phagocytophilum)和土拉弗朗西斯菌(Francisella tularensis)6种常见的鼠传致病菌。采用16SrRNA基因的通用引物进行常规PCR扩增后,应用Illumina测序和Nanopore测序进一步检测致病菌,同时对脾脏组织进行巴尔通体体外分离培养。比较qPCR...     

Butanol Extract of Acanthopanax senticosus (Rupr. et Maxim.) Harms Alleviates Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet

This study investigated the effect of butanol extract of AS (ASBUE) on atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE^−/−) mice. The mice were administered ASBUE (390 or 130 mg/kg/day) or rosuvastatin (RSV) via oral gavage for eight weeks. In ApoE^−/− mice, ASBUE suppressed the abnormal body weight gain and improved serum and liver biochemical indicators. ASBUE remarkably reduced the aortic plaque area, improved liver pathological conditions, and lipid metabolism abnormalities, and altered the intestinal microbiota structure in ApoE^−/− mice. In the vascular tissue of ASBUE-treated mice, P-IKKβ, P-NFκB, and P-IκBα levels tended to decrease, while IκB-α increased in high fat-diet-fed atherosclerotic mice. These findings demonstrated the anti-atherosclerotic potential of ASBUE, which is mediated by the interaction between the gut microbiota and lipid metabolism and regulated via the Nuclear Factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway. This work paves the groundwork for subsequent studies to develop innovative drugs to treat atherosclerosis.     

李玉乳菇(新种)：欧洲槭乳菇在亚洲的近缘种

槭乳菇Lactarius acerrimus,乳菇中仅有的具有双孢担子的物种,曾经在中国被多次报道。我们在研究了该种的馆藏凭证标本后并未证实它在中国的分布,而是在中国发现了它的近缘种李玉乳菇L. liyuanus (新种)。李玉乳菇的典型特征为：菌盖黄褐色具环纹、边缘具短毛,菌柄具窝斑,乳汁白色、不变色、具辣味,孢子具尖而高的条脊。它的担子为4孢,孢子较小具高而尖的条脊,这两点与槭乳菇明显不同。文中提供了该种的条形码ITS序列、其他多基因序列和详细的形态描述,同时给出了对国内馆藏槭乳菇标本的重新鉴定结果。     

BmCaspase-8-like regulates autophagy by suppressing BmDREDD-mediated cleavage of BmATG6

Autophagy plays an important role in tissue remodeling during insect development. The interplay between autophagy-related (ATG) proteins and caspases regulates the autophagic activity of ATGs, thereby modulating the process of autophagy. Our previous study characterized BmCaspase-8-like (BmCasp8L) as a caspase suppressor that inhibits apoptosis and immune signaling by suppressing the activation of death-related ced-3/Nedd2-like caspase (DREDD), a caspase-8 homolog in silkworm. In this study, we explored the regulatory role of BmCasp8L in autophagy. We found that the expression of Bmcasp8l increased from the late spinning stage to the pupa stage in the posterior silk gland (PSG), correlating with the expression patterns of Bmatg8 and Bmatg6. RNA interference-mediated downregulation of BmCasp8L expression significantly decreased starvation-induced autophagic influx as determined by the levels of BmATG8–phosphatidylethanolamine and the percentage of cells displaying punctate enhanced green fluorescent protein-BmATG8. Conversely, the overexpression of BmCasp8L significantly increased autophagic influx. We also found that BmCasp8L underwent autophagic degradation induced by starvation and that it was colocalized with BmATG8. Lastly, we demonstrated that BmDREDD attenuated autophagy and BmCasp8L suppressed BmDREDD-mediated cleavage of BmATG6. Taken together, our results demonstrated that BmCasp8L is a novel proautophagic molecule which suppresses BmDREDD-mediated cleavage of BmATG6 and is a target for autophagy.     

猫后内侧上雪氏区视神经元对运动棒反应的取向和方向特征

猫后内侧上雪区（ｐｏｓｔｅｒｏｍｅｄｉａｌｌａｔｅｒａｌｓｕｐｒａｓｙｌｖｉａｎａｒｅａ,ＰＭＬＳ）的绝大多数神经元（１７１／２００）对运动棒的取向调谐,６２％（１２４／２００）细胞的取向调谐宽度（半高波宽）小于９０°：按方向选择性和取向选择性可分辨出几类特征明显的细胞类型：１、强取向和强方向选择性细胞;２、强取向调谐的双向选择细胞;３、弱取向调谐的强方向选择细胞;４、无取向无方向选择性细胞;以及５、特征不明显的或中间类型细胞。它们与最近光学记录揭示的鹰猴中颞叶视区（ｍｉｄｄｌｅｔｅｍｐｏｒａｌｖｉｓｕａｌａｒｅａ,ＭＴ）的组织有很好的吻合。     

Expression of betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase gene and salinity tolerance in rice transgenic plants

Betaine as one of osmolytes plays an important role in osmoregulation of most high plants. Betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase C BADH) is the second enzyme involved in betaine biosynthesis. The BADH gene from a halophite, Atriplex hortensis, was transformed into rice cultivars by bombarment method. Totally 192 transgenic rice plants were obtained and most of them had higher salt tolerance than controls. Among transgenic plants transplanted in the saline pool containing 0.5% NaCl in a greenhouse, 22 survived, 13 of which set seeds, and the frequency of seed setting was very low, only 10% . But the controls could not grow under the same condition. The results of BADH ac-tivity assay and Northern blot showed that the BADH gene was integrated into chromosomes of transgenic plants and expressed.     

四川55种鱼生活史型的研究

四川５５种鱼生活史型的研究刁晓明,罗一兵李波（西南农业大学水产系,重庆６３０７１６）（重庆大学计算机系,６３００００）ＬｉｆｅＨｉｓｔｏｒｙＰａｔｔｅｒｎｓｏｆ５５ＦｉｓｈＳｐｅｃｉｅｓｉｎＳｉｃｈｕａｎ￥ＤｉａｏＸｉａｏｍｉｎｇ;ＬｕｏＹｉｂｉｎｇ...     

Complementing amino acid substitutions within loop 6 of the alpha/beta-barrel active site influence the CO2/O2 specificity of chloroplast ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase

Photosynthesis-deficient mutant 45-3B of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii contains a chloroplast mutation that causes valine-331 to be replaced by alanine within the large subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase. This amino acid substitution occurs in loop 6 of the alpha/beta-barrel active site, three residues distant from catalytic lysine-334. The mutation reduces the specific activity of the enzyme and also reduces its CO2/O2 specificity factor by 42%, but the amount of holoenzyme is unaffected. In a previous study, an intragenic-suppressor mutation, named S40-9D, was selected that causes threonine-342 to be replaced by isoleucine, thereby increasing the CO2/O2 specificity of the mutant enzyme by 36%. To determine which other residues might be able to complement the original mutation, nine additional genetically independent revertants have now been analyzed. Another intragenic suppressor, represented by mutation S61-2J, causes glycine-344 to be replaced by serine. This change increases the CO2/O2 specificity of the mutant enzyme by 25%. Of the revertants recovered and analyzed, the mutant enzyme was improved only due to true reversion or by intragenic suppression mediated by substitutions at residues 342 or 344. Changes in the physical properties of the two pairs of complementing substitutions indicate that steric effects within loop 6 are responsible for the observed changes in the CO2/O2 specificity of the enzyme.