Binding of B‐cell maturation antigen to B‐cell activating factor induces survival of multiple myeloma cells by activating Akt and JNK signaling pathways

B‐cell maturation antigen (BCMA) is expressed on normal and malignant plasma cells and represents a potential target for therapeutic intervention. In this study, we characterized the mechanism underlying the protein kinase B (Akt) and c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) pathways and BCMA interactions in regulating multiple myeloma (MM) cell survival. It was found that the expression levels of B cell‐activating factor (BAFF) and BCMA were increased in MM cells as compared with those in normal controls. The proliferation of U266 cells was induced by recombinant human BAFF (rhBAFF) and could also be decreased by BCMA siRNA. The expression of Bcl‐2 protein was up‐regulated, and Bax protein was down‐regulated after rhBAFF treatment, which could be reversed by BCMA siRNA. Similarly, the protein p‐JNK and p‐Akt were activated by rhBAFF and could be changed by BCMA siRNA. In addition, the BCMA mRNA and protein expression levels were decreased after treatment with Akt and JNK pathway inhibitors. These results suggest that Akt and JNK pathways are involved in the regulation of BCMA. A novel BAFF/BCMA signalling pathway in MM may be a new therapeutic target for MM. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

应用一元线性模型理论确定立地条件主导因子——朝阳低山丘陵区农田防护林立地条件类型的划分

本文用一元线性模型理论分析了辽宁西部朝阳、建平、喀左和北票(市)4县17个乡范围内的农田防护林主要树种——杨树(Populus spp.)、白榆(Ulumus pumila)的优势高与地形地貌、土壤肥力等立地条件因子的关系,确定地貌类型、坡位和土层厚度是本区农田防护林立地条件的主导因子,然后以地貌类型为单元将本区农田防护林的立地条件划分为3个大类型。在此基础上,再用坡位和土层厚度分级与3个大类型组合细分为6个基本类型。最后确定各立地条件类型的适宜树种,并定量地评价主要树种对各立地条件类型的适宜性。     

抗人PAI—1单克隆抗体制备,鉴定和应用

以重组PAI-(rPAI-1)为抗原,通过杂交瘤技术获得6株阳性杂交瘤细胞(AP1、AP2、AP3、AP4、AP5和AP6),并用SPA亲和层析纯化了抗PAI-1单克隆抗体(McAb)。所有McAb均能识别rPAI和天然PAI-1,腹水滴度均为10~6以上。6种McAb对PAI-1亲和常数在3.45×10~7—1.05×10~9mol/L之间。AP2、AP3 McAb能完全抑制PAI-1活性,AP4、AP和AP6只能部分抑制PAI-1活性,AP1则不抑制PAI-1活性。6种McAb中只有AP1、AP4和AP5能识别PAI-1/t-PA复合物。利用AP1、AP3、和AP4 McAb制备免疫亲和柱一步纯化HepG_2细胞分泌的PAI-1,纯度大于98％,回收率92％,纯化倍数51倍。利用抗PAI-1 McAb建立了夹心法ELISA,测定了人血浆PAI-1水平,正常人血浆PAI-1平均含量(±D)为24.7±7.75ng/ml。     

林带的防护成熟与更新

在详细探讨林带防护成熟概念的基础上,依据林带树木生长规律,建立了林带防护成熟龄与更新龄的确定方法,具体确定了北京杨、小钻杨等５个杨树品种林带的初始防护成熟龄、更新龄和更新期,并对林带不同更新方式进行了效益评价．     

伴刀豆球蛋白A和层粘连蛋白与膜受体结合下膜分子运动及微丝组装变化的比较

研究伴刀豆球蛋白A和层粘连蛋白分别与小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞膜受体结合下引起细胞膜分子运动的变化和对微丝组装的影响.结果表明,伴刀豆球蛋白A和层粘连蛋白作用下均导致膜表面蛋白分子的侧向扩散速率减慢,膜脂流动性降低,加快膜内微丝组装并使微丝含量增加.两配体作用下引起细胞上述反应有相似性.     

不同配体与同一膜受体结合的初步探讨

研究了伴刀豆球蛋白A(ConA)和层粘连蛋白(LN)与巨噬细胞膜受体竞争结合,初步推测两个配体与同一膜受体结合的可能性.结果表明,LN可以竞争抑制FTTC-ConA与巨噬细胞膜受体的结合,说明ConA和LN两种配体各自的巨噬细胞膜受体中有部分可能是共同的,而加入ConA反而增加巨噬细胞膜上结合的FITC-LN量,这可能是因为ConA和LN的分子特性导致的.     

梅花鹿甲烷能代谢规律的研究

本文应用ＫＢ－１型呼吸测热装置,结合消化、代谢试验,对梅花鹿（Ｃｅｒｖｕｓｎｉｐｐｏｎ）甲烷能代谢规律进行了研究。结果表明,梅花鹿甲烷能的产生量随其采食量的增加而增加;也随着果食后时间的推移而减少,而且减少的幅度又随采食量的增加而下降;甲烷能的产生量分别占总能食入量、消化能食入量和体增热的６．６１％、８．８３％和１０．８８％;甲烷能的产生量随着日粮蛋白质水平的提高而降低,日粮蛋白质水平每提高１个百分点,甲烷能产生量就降低５８．５８ｋＪ／ｄ;分别以总能食入量（ＧＥＩ）和干物质食入量（ＤＭＩ）为自变量所建立的甲烷能（ＣＨ４Ｅ）估计分别为：ＣＨ４Ｅ（ｋＪ／ｄ）＝０．０７ＣＥＪ（ｋＪ／ｄ）－１０１．０４（ｎ＝１２,ｒ＝０．９４４,Ｐ＜０．０１）ＣＨ４Ｅ（ｋＪ／ｄ）＝９８．７８＋１．０５ＤＭＩ（ｇ／ｄ）（ｎ＝１２,ｒ＝０．９４２,Ｐ＜０．０１）     

数字图像处理法确定林带疏透度随机误差研究

在分析以数字图像处理为测定法确定林带疏透度误差来源的基础上,对其中的随机误差进行研究,结果表明:林带整体疏透度的机误方差小于其冠部和干部的较大者;所研究的各类型林带各部位疏透度随机误差均遵从正态分布;林带整体疏透度随机误差的分布与树种和带内配置无关;北京杨、双阳快杨和其它类杂交杨的矩形或品字形配置林带各自冠部与干部疏透度机误方差之间无显著差异,而乡土杨林带干部的显著大于冠部的。本文还分别各类型林带的各部位确定了由林带疏透度测定值估计其总体实际值的随机误差限,并讨论了在测定林带疏透度过程中据该误差限计算样本量和划定测定范围的应用意义。最后总结提出:以增加测定同一林带不同样段像片数限定随机误差,通过模型计算订正疏透度测定值中的投影误差和影缩误差确定林带疏透度是建立完善的“数字图像处理法确定林带疏透度”新方法的可行途径。     

Protection against oxidative stress by vitamin D in cone cells

Photoreceptor degeneration (PD) refers to a group of heterogeneous outer retinal dystrophies characterized by the death of photoreceptors. Both oxidative stress and inflammation are involved in the pathogenesis of PD. We investigate whether vitamin D has a potential for the treatment of PD by evaluating the anti‐oxidative stress and anti‐inflammatory properties of the active form of vitamin D₃, 1,α, 25‐dihydroxyvitamin D₃, in a mouse cone cell line, 661W. Mouse cone cells were treated with H₂O₂ or a mixture of H₂O₂ and vitamin D; cell viability was determined. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in treated and untreated cells was measured. The expression of key anti‐oxidative stress and inflammatory genes in treated and untreated cells was determined. Treatment with vitamin D significantly increased cell viability and decreased ROS production in 661W cells under oxidative stress induced by H₂O₂. H₂O₂ treatment in 661W cells can significantly down‐regulate the expression of antioxidant genes and up‐regulate the expression of neurotoxic cytokines. Vitamin D treatment significantly reversed these effects and restored the expression of antioxidant genes. Vitamin D treatment also can block H₂O₂ induced oxidative damages. The data suggested that vitamin D may offer a therapeutic potential for patients with PD.     

Alterations in the phosphodiesterase type 5 pathway and oxidative stress correlate with erectile function in spontaneously hypertensive rats

To explore how alterations in the phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) signalling pathway and oxidative stress correlate with changes in the expression of relaxation and contraction molecules and erectile dysfunction (ED) in the corpus cavernosum smooth muscle (CCSM) of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). In this study, SHR and Wistar‐Kyoto (WKY) rats were used. Erectile function was determined by apomorphine test and electrical stimulation (ES) of cavernous nerve. Masson''s trichrome staining and confocal microscopy were performed. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS), PDE5, phosphorylated‐PDE5 and α1‐adrenergic receptor (α1AR) were determined by RT‐PCR and Western blotting while oxidative stress in CC was determined by colorimetric analysis. SHR exhibited obvious ED. CC of SHR showed less SM but more collagen fibres. The expression of NOS isoforms in SHR was significantly decreased while all α1AR isoforms were increased. In addition, PDE5 and phosphorylated‐PDE5 were down‐regulated and its activity attenuated in the hypertensive rats. Meanwhile, the SHR group suffered oxidative stress, which may be modulated by endoplasmic reticulum stress and NADPH oxidase up‐regulation. Dysregulation of NOS and α1AR, histological changes and oxidative stress in CC may be associated with the pathophysiology of hypertension‐induced ED. In addition, PDE5 down‐regulation may lead to the decreased efficacy of PDE5 inhibitors in some hypertensive ED patients and treatment of oxidative stress could be used as a new therapeutic target for this type of ED.