Combined use of COSY and double quantum two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy for elucidation of spin systems in polymyxin B

Two-dimensional single quantum correlation NMR spectroscopy (COSY) and two-dimensional double quantum NMR spectroscopy (2QT) are used to study spin systems in the 1H NMR spectrum of polymyxin B. Because of different frequency relationships, the two types of two-dimensional NMR experiments are found to be highly complementary. This is demonstrated by combined use of COSY and 2QT spectroscopy to obtain a complete analysis of the complicated spectral overlap which occurs in the 1H NMR spectrum of polymyxin B.     

Bacterial flora of the root surface of wheat grown in nutrient solutions deficient in nitrogen and phosphorus

Изучался состав бактериальной флоры поверхности корней пшеницы, выращиваемой в питательном растворе Кнопа—как с полным составом питательных веществ, так и при отсутствии азота и фосфора. Недостаток азота заметно отражался на росте растений и на составе бактериальной флоры: отмечено понижение встречаемости менее требовательных к питанию бактерий и повышение числа бактерий, требующих питательных веществ, содержащихся в дрожжевом и почвенном экстрактах —при понижении встречаемости быстро растущих типов. Не было отмечено разницы в составе бактериальной флоры поверхности корней пшеницы, выращиваемой в питательном растворе полного состава—или же в среде, лишенной фосфора.      

理解运动行为抑制调控的新视角：乙酰胆碱门控氯离子通道受体

Acetylcholine, the first identified neurotransmitter, plays crucial roles in various brain functions. One well-known case is its involvement as an activating neurotransmitter in the regulation of locomotion. However, its inhibitory regulatory role, particularly in locomotion, remains poorly understood. In a study conducted by Polat et al., the authors investigated the inhibitory role of acetylcholine in locomotion in C. elegans. In this organism, the acetylcholine-gated chloride channel receptor consists of four subunits. The authors thoroughly examined the loss-of-function of each subunit in movement regulation. Interestingly, the mutant worms were still capable of performing various movements such as forward, backward crawling, and turning, suggesting that the overall movement was not significantly affected. However, quantitative behavior analysis revealed subtle yet significant differences in the timing and postures of the movement in these mutants. Furthermore, the authors employed optogenetics to stimulate a specific neuron involved in backward crawling and demonstrated that the loss-of-function of the receptors in individual neurons affects the transitioning between locomotion modes. This work provides evidence for the inhibitory regulatory role of acetylcholine in locomotion. The loss-of-function of acetylcholine-gated chloride channel receptors likely disrupts the balance of neuronal and circuit physiology, thereby affecting the regulation of locomotion. Moreover, this study highlights the powerful role of quantitative behavior analysis in discovering and understanding more sophisticated functions of neural circuits.     

Biological decomposition of fulvic acid preparations

Decomposition of preparations of various fractions of fulvio acids in pure cultures of bacteria and in the soil was investigated. In the soils enriched with fulvic acids the amount of bacteria increased, oxygen consumption and formation of carbon dioxide followed a typical sigmoid curve. The above measurements indicated that mineralization occurred after a very short or negligible lag phase. During the decomposition of fulvic acids the ability of microorganisms to oxidize aromatic compounds,e.g. vanillio andphydroxybenzoic acid, increased. The presence of aromatic structures in the used preparations of fulvic acids was demonstrated on the basis of their IR spectra and according to the results of Chromatographic analyses of their hydrolysates. The results indicated a relationship between metabolism offulvio acids and aromatic oompounds. In samples of the soil preincubated with glucose the fulvic acids decomposed more rapidly than in untreated samples.     

铁皮石斛花总RNA提取方法的比较研究

为筛选铁皮石斛(Dendrobiumofficinale)花总RNA提取方法,对8种提取方法进行了比较研究,包括改良CTAB-LiCl法(M1)、改良CTAB-异丙醇法(M2)、改良SDS-LiCl法(M3)、改良SDS-异丙醇法(M4)、多糖多酚植物RNA提取试剂盒法(M5)、柱式植物RNAout 2.0试剂盒法(M6)、RNAprep Pure多糖多酚植物总RNA提取试剂盒法(M7)和Biospin多糖多酚植物总RNA提取试剂盒法(M8)。结果表明,以M4和M5提取的总RNA带型清晰,完整性好,A260 nm/A280 nm为1.8～2.0,A260 nm/A230 nm大于2.0,RNA产率分别为(159.45±1.45)和(170.84±3.53)μg/g。利用M4、M5提取霍山石斛、金钗石斛、鼓槌石斛和美花石斛花的总RNA,样品的完整性、浓度和纯度均符合质量要求。以M4、M5提取的铁皮石斛总RNA为模板,扩增Actin基因片段,扩增产物大小与预期一致且条带单一。这说明M4、M5方法操作简便,结果重复性好,能够较好地提取石斛属植物花的总RNA。     

猪流行性腹泻病毒S蛋白胞内区线性B细胞表位最小基序鉴定

[背景] S蛋白是猪流行性腹泻病毒（Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus,PEDV）的主要结构蛋白和免疫原性蛋白,在前期的研究中,本课题组在S蛋白的胞内区鉴定到2个包含线性B细胞表位的短肽。[目的] 鉴定PEDV S蛋白胞内区线性B细胞表位的最小基序。[方法] 原核表达2个短肽的每次后移1个氨基酸的系列8肽,以兔抗S蛋白血清为一抗,通过Western Blot筛选阳性反应8肽,鉴定S蛋白胞内区线性B细胞表位的最小基序。[结果] S蛋白胞内区的2个包含线性B细胞表位的短肽共享一个表位,该表位的最小基序为¹³⁷¹QPYE¹³⁷⁴。同源性分析显示该B细胞表位基序为保守性表位。[结论] 确定了S蛋白胞内区线性B细胞表位的最小基序为¹³⁷¹QPYE¹³⁷⁴;S蛋白抗原表位的鉴定有助于提高对其结构和功能的理解。     

限制性内切酶Mlu I蛋白及其硒代衍生物的制备

【背景】限制性内切酶Mlu I是一种常用的工具酶,在分子生物学领域发挥着重要的作用,其三维结构尚未被解析。【目的】在大肠杆菌中克隆表达、纯化重组Mlu I蛋白及其硒代蛋白,并进行结晶条件的研究。【方法】构建重组表达载体pET28b-Mlu I,在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)pLysS中诱导表达,利用亲和层析和凝胶过滤层析纯化重组Mlu I蛋白和硒代Mlu I蛋白。对蛋白进行质谱检测、圆二色谱检测以及酶活检测,利用坐滴法进行结晶条件的筛选。【结果】构建了重组表达载体pET28b-Mlu I并纯化获得达到结晶纯度的蛋白,通过质谱检测确定硒代Mlu I蛋白中的8个甲硫氨酸全部被取代,结合酶活测试及圆二色谱检测确定了硒代对Mlu I蛋白的活性、结构无明显影响。采用坐滴法进行初步的晶体生长研究,重组蛋白目前已在1种条件下获得针状晶体并进行初步衍射,获得分辨率在0.32 nm左右的衍射数据。【结论】Mlu I蛋白及硒代Mlu I蛋白纯化体系的构建和结晶条件的研究,可为下一步解析Mlu I三维结构、作用机制的探讨及定向改造奠定基础。     

江西省2010年柯萨奇病毒A组24型变异株的全基因组序列分析

急性出血性结膜炎(Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis,AHC)是目前人类最常见的眼病之一,柯萨奇病毒A组24型变异株(Coxsackievirus A24 variant,CV-A24v)是近年来报道引起该病的主要病原体。本研究选取10株来自江西省2010年AHC暴发疫情的CV-A24v,采用特异性引物扩增并测定其全基因组序列。对该10条CV-A24v的全基因组序列进行系统发育分析以及重组分析,计算本研究测定的江西10条以及GenBank中所有22条CV-A24v的全基因组序列的氨基酸置换熵值,并预测其正向选择位点。结果表明,在江西10条CV-A24v基因组序列中未检测到重组。基于全基因组序列构建的最大似然树表明江西10株CV-A24v属于GIV基因型,且分处于两条传播链。对上述32条CV-A24v序列的氨基酸置换熵值计算,共得到25个易突变位点(熵值>0.6),易突变概率最高的区段为2A区。基于Datamonkey中FUBAR和FEL模型分析,发现位于结构蛋白VP2区的234位氨基酸为两种模型共同获得的CV-A24v的正向选择位点。本研究分析了江西10株CV-A24v的全基因组序列特征,为CV-A24v引起的AHC防控工作提供了基础资料。     

铁皮石斛WOX转录因子的鉴定和分析

为了解铁皮石斛(Dendrobium officinale) WOX转录因子的功能,采用全基因组分析技术对铁皮石斛WOX家族成员进行鉴定,并进行生物信息学和表达模式分析。结果表明,铁皮石斛基因组中有9个WOX转录因子(DoWOX 1～DoWOX 9),大部分的DoWOXs含有2～3个外显子,启动子含有与激素诱导、逆境胁迫和生长发育有关的顺式作用元件。qPCR分析表明,DoWOX1、DoWOX2、DoWOX3、DoWOX4和DoWOX9在类原球茎中的表达量最高,DoWOX4在小花蕾中表达最高,随着花的发育,表达呈现下降趋势。此外,DoWOX3、DoWOX7和DoWOX9在合蕊柱上的表达量最高,而DoWOX4在唇瓣的表达量最高。因此,DoWOXs可能参与调控铁皮石斛的生长发育,且可能在维持类原球茎状态和花的发育中起重要作用。