内感受对成瘾行为的诱导及其岛叶的调控机制

内感受是机体对自身生理状态的感觉.近年来,越来越多的研究证据表明,内感受可以调控成瘾行为,岛叶是其发挥作用的重要神经基础之一.目前,对岛叶作用机制的研究正受到高度重视.本文从岛叶的基本结构和功能出发,结合近几年来岛叶调控成瘾行为、行为抑制以及情感决策的重要发现,讨论岛叶在成瘾发生及发展过程中的可能作用及其机制,并根据已有的实验证据,试图提出较为合理的研究展望,以推动相关神经环路和神经化学机制研究的深入.     

一株源自渤海海域高温酸败油井采出水的硫酸盐还原菌筛选与活性抑制

【背景】海域油藏环境中硫酸盐还原菌(sulfate-reducing prokaryotes,SRP)的生长和代谢能够产生大量H_2S,引发酸败(souring)及微生物腐蚀等多方面的问题。但有关油藏生境中SRP的微生物多样性与生理活性及其危害控制的认识仍十分有限。【目的】深入了解我国渤海海域某高温酸败油藏中SRP的生理特点,探究SRP危害的控制策略。【方法】采用Hungate厌氧纯培养技术从渤海海域某高温酸败油井采出水中分离筛选SRP,并考察优势菌株的生理特点,综合16S rRNA基因序列比对分析菌株系统发育地位,着重评价不同杀菌剂及使用剂量对优势菌株产H_2S活性的抑制效力。【结果】酸败采出井的采出水中优势SRP菌株WJ_1的细胞呈长杆状,菌体长度为2.0-5.5μm,有运动性。WJ_1与解糖泽恩根氏菌(Soehngenia saccharolytica)模式菌株BOR-Y~T的16S rRNA基因序列一致性达99%。WJ_1最适生长温度约为37°C,能够耐受60°C高温;最适pH值约为8.0 (范围5.0-10.0),最适盐度约为0%-3%,盐度高于5%不能生长。WJ_1可利用丙酸钠、乳酸钠、乙酸盐等多种碳源,能以硫酸盐、亚硫酸盐、硫代硫酸盐为唯一电子受体产生H2S,不能利用单质硫。次氯酸钠(600 mg/L)、苄基三甲基氯化铵(600 mg/L)对WJ_1产H_2S活性无明显抑制效果。戊二醛(30 mg/L)、溴硝醇(10 mg/L)或四羟甲基硫酸磷(120 mg/L)可抑制WJ_1产H_2S活性达30 d以上。【结论】渤海海域某高温酸败油井采出水中优势SRP菌株WJ_1与S. saccharolytica BOR-Y~T的16S rRNA基因序列一致性最高,但两者生理特性差异明显;溴硝醇、戊二醛、四羟甲基硫酸磷是控制该酸败油井的潜在有效杀菌剂。     

RNA干扰ABCE1基因后可抑制肺癌95-D/NCI-H446细胞的增殖和诱导细胞凋亡

ABCE1作为RNase L抑制剂首先是在脊椎动物中被发现的．前期研究结果显示ABCE1与肺腺癌的发生率及临床分期显著相关．为了进一步研究ABCE1的新功能,构建了ABCE1基因的siRNA表达质粒(RNAi-Ready pSIREN-DNR-DsRed-　Express vector),培养肺癌细胞(95-D和 NCI-H446),用FuGENE 6作为转染试剂转染后,使用荧光显微镜观察转染效果,RT-PCR分析ABCE1基因表达,Western blot 分析ABCE1蛋白的表达,MTT法检测细胞的活性,流式细胞仪分析细胞周期,ELISA法检测细胞凋亡．结果显示：质粒的转染效果较满意,阳性率约为42.70%;在实验组,细胞活性和生长指数明显受到抑制,细胞凋亡明显增加,与对照组比较差异显著(P < 0.05)．上述结果显示,RNA干扰ABCE1基因可显著抑制肺癌细胞(95-D/NCI-H446) RNA的转录、蛋白质的表达,并增加细胞凋亡,为进一步研究ABCE1基因提供必要的基础．     

辽宁省农用化学物质使用状况

就农用化学物质的投入对生态环境所造成的破坏进行了简要概括,并对辽宁省及各市近年来农用化学物质的投入量及变化趋势做了分析,发现辽宁省所有城市化肥用量均高于全国平均水平,远高于发达国家制定的安全上限;4个城市农药用量超过国家平均水平;农用塑料薄膜用量明显偏大,位居全国排行榜的前四名。     

Social rank and cortisol among female rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta)

In animal societies, some stressful events can lead to higher levels of physiological stress. Such stressors, like social rank, also predict an increased vulnerability to an array of diseases. However, the physiological relationship between social rank and stress varies between different species, as well as within groups of a single species. For example, dominant individuals are more socially stressed at times, while at other times it is the subordinate ones who experience this stress. Together, these variations make it difficult to assess disease vulnerability as connected to social interactions. In order to learn more about how physiological rank relationships vary between groups of a single species, cortisol measurements from hair samples were used to evaluate the effects of dominance rank on long-term stress levels in despotic and less stringent female rhesus macaque hierarchal groups. In despotic groups, cortisol levels were found not to be correlated with social rank, but a negative correlation was found between social rank and cortisol levels in less stringent hierarchies. Low ranking monkeys in less stringent groups secreted elevated levels of cortisol compared to higher ranking animals. These data suggest that variations in the strictness of the dominance hierarchy are determining factors in rank related stress physiology. The further consideration of nonhuman primate social system diversity and the linear degree of their hierarchies may allow for the development of valid rank-related stress models that will help increase our understanding and guide the development of new therapeutics for diseases related to human socioeconomic status.     

LncRNA EWSAT1 Regulates the Tumorigenesis of NSCLC as a ceRNA by Modulating miR-330-5p/ITGA5 Axis

The aim of the study is to investigate how lncRNA EWSAT1 regulates the tumorigenesis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) as a ceRNA by modulating miR-330-5p/ITGA5 axis. qRT-PCR was conducted to evaluate the expression of EWSAT1 in NSCLC tissue. Then, A549 cells were selected and divided into Blank shScramble, shEWSAT1, miR-330-5p inhibitor, shEWSAT1?+?miR-330-5p inhibitor, and siITGA5 and miR-330-5p inhibitor?+?siITGA5 groups. Besides, a series of in-vitro experiments were carried out to determine the changes in cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and migration in each group. In addition, xenograft models were also constructed on nude mice to detect the tumor volume and weight, and the expression of Ki67 and apoptosis in xenograft tumor were evaluated. In NSCLC tissue and cell, EWSAT1 was upregulated significantly, demonstrating a correlation with tumor diameter, differentiation, lymph node metastasis, and TNM stage. Dual luciferase reporter gene assay confirmed targeting relationships among miR-330-5p, EWSAT1, and ITGA5. In comparison with the Blank group, the number of cell clones in the shEWSAT1 group and siITGA5 decreased, with declined invasion and migration but increased apoptotic rate. Meanwhile, ITGA5, MMP-2, and MMP-9 were downregulated with upregulated cleaved caspase-3. However, the changes above were totally reversed in the miR-330-5p inhibitor group, and miR-330-5p inhibitor transfection abolished the effect of shEWSAT1. In addition, subcutaneous xenotransplantation showed that the tumor growth in shEWSAT1 group retarded significantly, with downregulation of Ki67 and increase apoptotic rate. Silencing EWSAT1 could inhibit the expression of ITGA5 via upregulating miR-330-5p, thus, resulting in the inhibition of NSCLC cell growth.