Identification of the nuclear matrix and chromosome scaffold in dinoflagellate Crypthecodinium cohnii~1

Dinoflagellate is one of the primitive eukaryotes,whosenucleus may represent one of the transition stages fromprokaryotic nucleoid to typical eukaryotic nucleus.Usingselective extraction together with embeddment-free sectionand whole mount electron microscopy,a delicate nuclearmatrix filament network was shown,for the first time,indinoflagellate Crypthecodinium cohnii nucleus.Chromosomeresidues are connected with nuclear matrix filaments to forma complete network spreading over the nucleus.Moreover,we demonstrated that the dinoflagellate chromosome retainsa protein scaffold after the depletion of DNA and solubleproteins.This scaffold preserves the characteristic mor-phology of the chromosome.Two dimensional elec-trophoreses indicated that the nuclear matrix and chromo- some scaffold are mainly composed of acidic proteins.Ourresults demonstrated that a framework similar to the nuclearmatrix and chromosome scaffold in mammalian cells appearsin this primitive eukaryote,suggesting that these structuresmay have been originated from the early stages of eukaryoteevolution.     

谈生物教学中难点的处理

作为“拦路虎”的教学难点的处理一直是生物教师颇感棘手的事。在实践中,我们体会到: 一、处理的原则 1、启发性原则突破难点的过程,应是在教师的启发诱导下,学生积极思维、深化思维、灵活思维和创新思维的探求过程。 2、量力性原则即学生力所能及的事要引导并鼓励学生自己去完成,但应在充分估量学生内在潜力的前提下实事求是,不要勉为其难,以免挫伤积极性。 3、可行性原则应选定理想的攻克难点的方案,以提高教学效益。许多方案本身较佳,但不加思索顺乎拈用,往往事与愿违。     

氯化镁对运动发酵单胞菌乙醇产率及耗糖的影响

研究了不同氯化镁浓度的合成培养基和复合培养基中,运动发酵单胞菌的乙醇产量及培养基中的残糖量。结果表明,在复合培养基和合成培养基中,乙醇产量最高、残糖量最低的最佳氯化镁浓度分别为0.005mol/L和0.01mol/L。     

缺碘会引起甲状腺代偿性的增生和肿大

高中《生物》(甲种本)在解释地方甲状腺肿的病因时提到,“主要是由于这些地区的土壤、水和食物中含碘量少,造成人体内缺碘,影响了甲状腺激素的合成,从而引起甲状腺代偿性的增生和肿大”(p.115)。许多学生不理解人体内缺碘引起甲状腺代偿性的增生和肿大的道理,下面谈谈我对这个问题的看法。     

Halobacterium denitrificans sp. nov., an extremely halophilic denitrifying bacterium

Halobacterium denitrificans was one of several carbohydrate-utilizing, denitrifying, extremely halophilic bacteria isolated by anaerobic enrichment in the presence of nitrate. Anaerobic growth took place only when nitrate (or nitrite) was present and was accompanied by the production of dinitrogen. In the presence of high concentrations of nitrate (i.e., 0.5%), nitrous oxide and nitrite were also detected. When grown aerobically in a mineral-salts medium containing 0.005% yeast extract, H. denitrificans utilized a variety of carbohydrates as sources of carbon and energy. In every case, carbohydrate utilization was accompanied by acid production. A type culture has been deposited with the American Type Culture Collection, Rockville, Md. (ATCC 35960).     

观察家兔肺呼吸方法的一点改进

将家兔麻醉后从腹面剖开,在观察好体腔內各器官的形态特点以及相对部位后,剪开颈部皮肤,分离气管,此时注意不要将颈部血管剪断而影响观察。将气管分离后,让学生观察家兔的喉和气管形态,注意气管壁上的软骨环,提醒学生思考这些软骨环有什么作用。然后用止血钳将气管钳住,这样,气体就不会从鼻中漏出了,这时准备30ml的注射器,从止血钳下端将针头插入气管内,推动注射器活塞向气管内充气,此时可见     

小麦与玉米及鸭茅状摩擦禾远缘杂交的胚发育过程中同工酶和蛋白质的变化

通过比较小麦与玉米及鸭茅状摩擦禾属间杂交获得的胚与小麦正常自交的胚之间在不同发育时期过氧化物酶和酯酶的同工酶谱,发现过氧化物酶同工酶表现出时空顺序的特异性变化。在同一发育时期,远缘杂交的具胚子房和无胚子房之间存在过氧化物酶同工酶谱的差异,这可能涉及到与胚发育相关的同工酶的出现。远缘杂交的具胚子房和正常自交的小麦子房之间也有一定的酶谱差异。同时,同一材料还表现出不同发育时期的过氧化物酶酶谱差别。在远缘杂交后的胚发育期间,酯酶同工酶的时空表达不如过氧化物酶显著。此外,对远缘杂交后的胚中的水溶性蛋白质进行了SD S-PAGE分析,初步的分析结果表明,可能存在与胚发育相关的蛋白质。     

大肠癌中p53基因突变的研究

应用聚合酶链反应(PCR)──单链构型多态性(SSCP)结合银染法对14例大肠癌p53基因的第4、第5─6和第7外显子进行了点突变的研究,结果共检测出6例点突变,而且发现各外显子的突变频率存在差异。另外,利用购自ATCC的两个探针 (p53cDNA探针和pYNZ22探针)对大肠癌中p53基因的杂合性失去进行了研究,在14例大肠癌中共检出6例杂合性丢失。将点突变检测结果同杂合性丢失结果进行比较分析, 并着重探讨了大肠癌中p53基因失活导致肿瘤的作用方式。 Abstract:The exons 4-7 of p53 gene were examined in 14 colorectal Cancer patients by using PCR-SSCP-silver staining method.The results showed 6 cases of point mutation and the mutation frequencies of exons were different from each other.p53 cDNA and pYNZ22 VNTR were used as probes to examine LOH(Loss of heterozygosity)of 14 colorectal cancers.6 cases with LOH were found.The results of present research suggest that mutation and LOH of p53 gene are critical events in the progress and development of Cancer.There were different kinds of inactivation model of p53 gene in the process of development of cancer and transformation of cells.     

小鼠卵母细胞减数分裂染色体的制备

PreparationofMeioticKarytypeofMouseOocyteLiChaojunYanLeipingZhangXiranChenYifeng(BiologyDepartmentofNanjingNormalUniversity,Nanjing210097)哺乳动物的卵母细胞的减数分裂过程中存在两次自发的停滞现象,第一次是在第一次减数分裂前期的双线期,这一静止期持续很长时间,一直到动物性成熟后卵母细胞进入发有周刎,在保住腺激素的作用下,卵母细胞的第一次减数分裂才重新启动．完成第一次减数分裂后．又停滞在第二次减数分裂的中期,在椅子或化学因素刺激的作用下,完成第二次减数分裂[4]．因此,对哺乳动物的卵母细胞在一…     

48例原发性闭经患者的细胞遗传学分析

本文报告对48例原发闭经患者的临床和细胞遣传学分析,共发现染色体异常17例,占35.4%,其中包括45,X,7例;45,X/46,XX,2例;X染色体结构异常5例;核型中有Y染色体3例。讨论了原发闭经的细胞遗传学病因及异常核型与表型的关系。