全文获取类型
收费全文 | 226篇 |
免费 | 14篇 |
国内免费 | 28篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 1篇 |
2023年 | 2篇 |
2022年 | 3篇 |
2021年 | 5篇 |
2020年 | 4篇 |
2019年 | 9篇 |
2018年 | 2篇 |
2017年 | 6篇 |
2016年 | 4篇 |
2015年 | 5篇 |
2014年 | 11篇 |
2013年 | 8篇 |
2012年 | 11篇 |
2011年 | 13篇 |
2010年 | 7篇 |
2009年 | 6篇 |
2008年 | 15篇 |
2007年 | 19篇 |
2006年 | 11篇 |
2005年 | 9篇 |
2004年 | 8篇 |
2003年 | 10篇 |
2002年 | 8篇 |
2001年 | 7篇 |
2000年 | 4篇 |
1999年 | 5篇 |
1998年 | 4篇 |
1997年 | 2篇 |
1996年 | 2篇 |
1995年 | 6篇 |
1994年 | 6篇 |
1993年 | 2篇 |
1992年 | 2篇 |
1991年 | 4篇 |
1989年 | 4篇 |
1988年 | 2篇 |
1987年 | 3篇 |
1986年 | 2篇 |
1985年 | 4篇 |
1984年 | 3篇 |
1983年 | 3篇 |
1982年 | 6篇 |
1980年 | 3篇 |
1979年 | 6篇 |
1978年 | 5篇 |
1977年 | 5篇 |
1976年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有268条查询结果,搜索用时 140 毫秒
1.
Wilhelm Sauer 《Plant Systematics and Evolution》1987,155(1-4):257-276
Comparative morphological, karyological and chorological studies prove the distinctness of the SE European and Asiatic populations ofPulmonaria mollis s.l., to be treated asP. dacica (Figs. 4, 5).P. mollis s.str. is interpreted as a relatively young taxon, which probably has evolved from an older stock ofP. dacica ancestors during the Pleistocene (Figs. 6, 8) and might have migrated, perhaps with oak woodland communities, from SE to C. Europe. A similar evolution can be postulated for S—SE European dysploidP. rubra-carnica-stiriaca-vallarsae group; this may have involved still unknown tetraploids (P. carnica?, Fig. 7). This group is linked via the hypertriploid speciesP. vallarsae with theP. saccharata group and at least the eastern species of theP. australis group. The monotypic genusParaskevia apparently marks the earliest divergence from the common Tertiary ancestral stock (Fig. 8). It exhibits a tetraploid chromosome number (2n = 28) but has preserved the most primitive characters. — Some comments on the systematics and nomenclature ofP. australis andParaskevia are added. 相似文献
2.
Information on the spatial distribution of cytotypes and karyotype variation in plants is critical for studies of the origin and evolution of polyploid complexes. Here, the spatial distribution of cytological races and intraspecific variation in the karyotype of Lycoris radiata, an endemic species to East Asia, is investigated. Conventional karyotype analysis methods were used to determine ploidy level and karyotypical characteristics in 2,420 individuals from 114 populations of L. radiata nearly covering the whole distribution areas in China. Of 114 populations studied, 52 (45.61%), 58 (50.88%), and 4 (3.51%) are diploid, triploid, and mixoploid populations, respectively, with 1,224, 1,195, and 1 individuals being diploid, triploid, and tetraploid, respectively. The triploid possesses a much wider distribution range than the diploid, with the former almost occupying the entire range of this complex species in East Asia and the latter distributing in the middle and east regions of China. Triploids tend to occur at high altitudes, and the relationship between the ploidy and altitude is significantly positive but low (r2 = 0.103, p < 0.01). About 98.6% of examined bulbs have a common karyotype consisting of 22 or 33 acrocentric (A) chromosomes. Some aberrant chromosomes which should be generated from A‐type chromosome have been found including metacentrics (m), small metacentrics (m′), and B‐type chromosome. The results can provide a fundamental cytogeographic data for further studies on the evolutionary origins and adaptive divergences of polyploids, especially the triploid, within L. radiata using molecular and/or ecological methods in the future. 相似文献
3.
4.
Stacy A. Krueger‐Hadfield Jonas Collén Claire Daguin‐Thiébaut Myriam Valero 《Journal of phycology》2011,47(3):440-450
Chondrus crispus Stackh. has been intensely studied, yet no study to date has elucidated its population structure or mating system despite many populations in which there was a haploid bias and lack of male gametophytes. Therefore, 12 nuclear microsatellite loci were identified in this red alga. Microsatellite markers were developed and tested against a panel of specimens collected from two shore levels at two sites in Brittany, France: Pointe de Primel and Pointe de la Jument, Concarneau. Single locus genetic determinism was verified at eight polymorphic loci, as only one band was observed for haploid genotypes, whereas one or two bands were observed for diploids. These markers enabled the detection of unique genotypes within sampled populations, indicating that very few fronds shared the same multilocus genotype. This finding suggests that asexual reproduction was not the prevailing mode of reproduction. In addition, we explored the hierarchical population structure showing that gene flow is restricted at small spatial scales (<50 m) between upper and lower Chondrus‐range populations within a shore. Sexual reproduction predominated in the populations of C. crispus studied, but probably due to fine‐scale spatial substructuring, inbreeding was also significant. In conclusion, this study reveals that fine‐scale genetic variation is of major importance in C. crispus, suggesting that differences between microhabitats should be essential in understanding evolutionary processes in this species. 相似文献
5.
Kazuhisa YAMASAKI Jun‐ichi TAKAHASHI Masato ONO Koji TSUCHIDA 《Entomological Science》2011,14(4):383-386
In Polistes paper wasps, haploid early males can mate with early emerging females and leave viable offspring. In contrast, diploid early males are eventually sterile because they contribute triploid offspring via diploid sperm. Clarifying the ploidy of early males is important for determining whether early male production is a reproductive strategy for the species. We examined the mating behavior and the ploidy of early males in the Japanese paper wasp, Polistes rothneyi iwatai van der Vecht. Thirteen early males from four colonies were all diploid. Two of the nine early males (22.2%) attempted to mate with females, but only one individual (11.1%) was successful (the female's spermatheca contained spermatozoa). These results suggest that although most early males of P. rothneyi iwatai do not produce offspring, their mating may be linked to the occasional production of triploid females. 相似文献
6.
Duong T Nguyen Baojun Wu Hongan Long Nan Zhang Caitlyn Patterson Stephen Simpson Krystalynne Morris W Kelley Thomas Michael Lynch Weilong Hao 《Molecular biology and evolution》2020,37(11):3118
Mutation and recombination are the primary sources of genetic variation. To better understand the evolution of genetic variation, it is crucial to comprehensively investigate the processes involving mutation accumulation and recombination. In this study, we performed mutation accumulation experiments on four heterozygous diploid yeast species in the Saccharomycodaceae family to determine spontaneous mutation rates, mutation spectra, and losses of heterozygosity (LOH). We observed substantial variation in mutation rates and mutation spectra. We also observed high LOH rates (1.65–11.07×10−6 events per heterozygous site per cell division). Biases in spontaneous mutation and LOH together with selection ultimately shape the variable genome-wide nucleotide landscape in yeast species. 相似文献
7.
8.
人cAMP依赖型蛋白激酶B抑制剂(PKIB)是一种新的耐热蛋白.实验证明,PKIB对PKA催化亚单位具有抑制作用.为研究PKIB在细胞衰老中的功能,以年轻和年老人胚肺二倍体成纤维细胞(2BS细胞株)为实验对象,通过实时 PCR发现,在年老细胞中,PKIB表达高于年轻细胞;用PKA活化剂处理年轻和年老细胞,结果显示,在年老细胞中PKA活性变化较年轻细胞小.通过免疫共沉淀实验证实,在年老细胞中,PKIB与PKA催化亚单位结合较年轻细胞中多;进一步通过在年轻细胞中过表达PKIB,检测细胞PKA活性,发现PKA活性明显降低,进一步证实了在人胚肺二倍体成纤维细胞中PKIB对PKA活性的抑制作用;利用Western实验结果证实,PKA催化亚单位在年轻细胞中的表达高于年老细胞.以上结果证明,在2BS细胞中,PKA活性受PKIB的抑制;这种抑制作用与细胞的衰老有一定的关联作用. 相似文献
9.
Stacy A. Krueger‐Hadfield Ben A. Flanagan Olivier Godfroy Kristina M. Hill‐Spanik Chris C. Nice Courtney J. Murren Allan E. Strand Erik E. Sotka 《Journal of phycology》2021,57(1):279-294
For many taxa, including isomorphic haplodiplontic macroalgae, determining sex and ploidy is challenging, thereby limiting the scope of some population demographic and genetic studies. Here, we used double‐digest restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD‐seq) to identify sex‐linked molecular markers in the widespread red alga Agarophyton vermiculophyllum. In the ddRAD‐seq library, we included 10 female gametophytes, 10 male gametophytes, and 16 tetrasporophytes from one native and one non‐native site (N = 40 gametophytes and N = 32 tetrasporophytes total). We identified seven putatively female‐linked and 19 putatively male‐linked sequences. Four female‐ and eight male‐linked markers amplified in all three life cycle stages. Using one female‐ and one male‐linked marker that were sex‐specific, we developed a duplex PCR and tested the efficacy of this assay on a subset of thalli sampled at two sites in the non‐native range. We confirmed ploidy based on the visual observation of reproductive structures and previous microsatellite genotyping at 10 polymorphic loci. For 32 vegetative thalli, we were able to assign sex and confirm ploidy in these previously genotyped thalli. These markers will be integral to ongoing studies of A. vermiculophyllum invasion. We discuss the utility of RAD‐seq over other approaches previously used, such as RAPDs (random amplified polymorphic DNA), for future work designing sex‐linked markers in other haplodiplontic macroalgae for which genomes are lacking. 相似文献
10.
Aranzazu Gómez Juan Antonio López Beatriz Pintos Emilio Camafeita Ma Ángeles Bueno 《Proteomics》2009,9(18):4355-4367
Quercus suber L. is a Mediterranean forest species with ecological, social and economic value. Clonal propagation of Q. suber elite trees has been successfully obtained from in vitro‐derived somatic and gametic embryos. These clonal lines play a main role in breeding and genetic studies of Q. suber. To aid in unravelling diverse genetic and biological unknowns, a proteomic approach is proposed. The proteomic analysis of Q. suber somatic and gametic in vitro culture‐derived embryos, based on DIGE and MALDI‐MS, has produced for the first time proteomic data on this species. Seventeen differentially expressed proteins have been identified which display significantly altered levels between gametic and somatic embryos. These proteins are involved in a variety of cellular processes, most of which had been neither previously associated with embryo development nor identified in the genus Quercus. Some of these proteins are involved in stress and pollen development and others play a role in the metabolism of tannins and phenylpropanoids, which represent two of the major pathways for the synthesis of cork chemical components. Furthermore, the augmented expression levels found for specific proteins are probably related to the homozygous state of a doubled‐haploid sample. Proteins involved in synthesis of cork components can be detected at such early stages of development, showing the potential of the method to be useful in searching for biomarkers related to cork quality. 相似文献