蛋鸡品系RAPD变异及其与杂种优势关系的分析

为探讨RAPD标记在家鸡杂种优势预测中的应用价值，分析了力康自壳蛋鸡纯系的RAPD变异及其与杂种优势的关系．5个纯系内和系间显示出低水平的变异．根据品系间遗传距离DS用UPGMA法进行聚类分析，品系a、e、d聚为一类，而h、l聚为另一类．简单线性相关分析表明，父系相似系数与F1代的60周龄产蛋数存在正相关而与蛋重的杂种优势率存在负相关；母系相似系数与产蛋数的杂种优势率存在高度负相关．但品系间遗传距离与各性状及其杂种优势率之间没有显著的相关关系．  

高温蛋白酶制备酶解猪血蛋白的研究

用高温蛋白酶ＷＦ１４６制备猪血水解蛋白得率在１０％（Ｗ／Ｖ）以上。水解液经分析含有１８种氨基酸，其中８种必需氨基酸占３７．１４％。氨基酸总量可达６２６４．８６ｍｇ／１００ｍｌ．产物具有较高的营养价值和良好的溶解性，因而在食品工业中具有很大的应用潜力。  

A chloroplast transgenic approach to hyper-express and purify Human Serum Albumin, a protein highly susceptible to proteolytic degradation

Human Serum Albumin (HSA) accounts for 60% of the total protein in blood serum and it is the most widely used intravenous protein in a number of human therapies. HSA, however, is currently extracted only from blood because of a lack of commercially feasible recombinant expression systems. HSA is highly susceptible to proteolytic degradation in recombinant systems and is expensive to purify. Expression of HSA in transgenic chloroplasts using Shine-Dalgarno sequence (SD), which usually facilitates hyper-expression of transgenes, resulted only in 0.02% HSA in total protein (tp). Modification of HSA regulatory sequences using chloroplast untranslated regions (UTRs) resulted in hyper-expression of HSA (up to 11.1% tp), compensating for excessive proteolytic degradation. This is the highest expression of a pharmaceutical protein in transgenic plants and 500-fold greater than previous reports on HSA expression in transgenic leaves. Electron micrographs of immunogold labelled transgenic chloroplasts revealed HSA inclusion bodies, which provided a simple method for purification from other cellular proteins. HSA inclusion bodies could be readily solubilized to obtain a monomeric form using appropriate reagents. The regulatory elements used in this study should serve as a model system for enhancing expression of foreign proteins that are highly susceptible to proteolytic degradation and provide advantages in purification, when inclusion bodies are formed.  

迪庆藏猪的遗传多样性研究

采用水平板淀粉凝胶电泳法检测了52头迪庆藏猪的13个血液蛋白座位的多态性，并计算各座位等位基因的频率及其估计误差以及基因频率估计值的精确度和可靠性。结果发现，迪庆藏猪在Tf、Cp、Am、Hp、6PGD、CEs、Ca共7个座位表现出多态性，并分别受控于3、2、5、5、2、2、3个常染色体等位基因。其余6个座位(Pa 、EsD、 PHI、 PGM、 G6PD、 MDH)未检测出多态性。  

Genetic Diversity of Cattle in South China as Revealed by Blood Protein Electrophoresis

Genetic variation of 31 blood protein loci in236 cattle from eight South China populations (includingmithan, Bos frontalis) and a Holstein population wasinvestigated by means of horizontal starch gel electrophoresis. Thirteen loci (ALB, CAR, Hb-b,Np, PGM, Amy-I, PEP-B, AKP, 6PGD, Cp, Pa, EsD, and TF)were found to be polymorphic. The comparison of averageheterozygosities (H) shows that all the native cattle embrace a rich genetic diversity. Ourresults on protein polymorphism suggest that cattle inChina originated mainly from Bos indicus and Bos taurus;Xuwen, Hainan, Wenshan, and Dehong cattle and the Dehong zebu are close to zebu-type cattle,and Diqing and Zhaotong cattle are close to the taurine.The mithan was very different from other native cattle,and we suggest that its origin was complicated and may be influenced by other cattlespecies.  

一个人工朱曦种群的遗传多态性

利用蛋白质电泳、RAPD和微卫星DNA技术,对我国濒危保护动物———人工饲养朱进行遗传多态性研究。结果表明,40只朱在前白蛋白(Pre)、白蛋白(Alb)、后白蛋白(Pa)、运铁蛋白(Tf)共4个蛋白质位点上没有发现多态性。用40个随机引物对40只朱进行RAPD分析,其中35个引物扩增出完全相同的RAPD带纹,仅筛选到5个多态性引物,朱群体的平均带纹相似率为0.86。利用其它物种的22对微卫星引物对30只朱的DNA进行检测,共筛选出4对多态性微卫星引物,扩增出13个等位基因。朱在这4对微卫星位点的平均杂合度为0.3760,平均多态信息含量为0.3382,平均等位基因数为2.075。表明朱人工饲养群体的遗传多态性比发现之初得到了一定程度的恢复,但仍然比较贫乏  

云南地方猪种血液蛋白多态性研究 Study on Blood Protein Polymorphism in Yunnan Local Pig Breeds

采用蛋白电泳技术研究了云南地方猪种血液蛋白多态性。共分析了3个云南地方猪种32-36个遗传位点,其中AKP、CAT、DIA、ES、G6PD、PA、6PGD、PHI、TF等9个 位点检测到多态性,多态位点百分比为0.1875-0.2121,平均杂合度为0.0712-0.1027。结果表明,云南地方猪种血液蛋白多态程度较高,反映在蛋白水平上的遗传多样性较为丰富。 Abstract:In this paper,protein electrophoresis was used to analyze the blood protein polymorphism in Yunnan local pig breeds and 32~36 genetic loci in the Yunnan local pig breeds were surveyed,Nine of them,such as AKP、CAT、DIA、ES、G6PD、PA、6PGD、PHI and TF,were found to be polymorphic,the mean heterozygosit(H)was 0.0712~0.1027.The results indicated that the blood protein polymorphism in the Yunnan local pig breeds is high,the Yunnan local pig breeds are wealthy in genetic diversity in point of their protein level.  

Relationship between rabbit transferrin electrophoretic patterns and plasma iron concentrations

Rabbit transferrin (Tf) was studied electrophoretically using 1141 blood samples from individuals belonging to seven populations (Spanish Common, Spanish Giant, Butterfly, Lyoné de Bourgogne, New Zealand White, Californian and New Zealand White X Californian hybrids). No Tf polymorphism was found by starch gel electrophoresis, but six patterns, differing in the presence and/or intensity of three bands ('a', anodic; 'b', intermediate; and 'c', cathodic) were observed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. No genetic model could explain these patterns, since they reflect differences in plasma Tf iron content. The electrophoretic test allowed a direct observation of the relative in vivo levels of the different Tf molecular species; saturated (band 'a', Fe2Tf); semi-saturated (band 'b', Fe1Tf); and without iron (band 'c' Fe0Tf, apotransferrin). The degree of iron saturation of Tf varied among individuals and throughout the individual's life. Specifically, in pregnant females, Fe2Tf and Fe1Tf are generally observed, except in late pregnancy (from day 25 to parturition), when mainly apotransferrin is observed. Significantly, within 24 h post-partum, high levels of Fe2Tf are reached in the female's serum.  

Associations between blood groups, blood protein polymorphisms and breeding values for production traits in Swedish Red and White Dairy bulls

The relationships of nine blood group systems and two blood protein polymorphisms with breeding values for several production traits were examined in dairy cattle of the Swedish Red and White (SRB) breed. The material consisted of 2212 bulls; the bulls were performance tested for growth rate and their breeding values for milk yield, fat and protein content in milk were estimated from progeny tests. The direct effect of marker alleles or marker phenotypes was analysed in a multiple regression model. Several significant associations were found; many supported earlier findings. However, the contribution of the markers to the total variation of the breeding values was very small. Linkage between marker loci and production loci was studied in offspring from heterozygous sires by estimating the interactions between sire and marker alle using a model eliminating the direct effects of sire and marker alle. There were strong indications of linkage between some marker loci (e.g. B, J and Am-1 loci) and loci with large effects on production traits.  

辽宁新品系绒山羊血液蛋白多态性及其与经济性状的关系

利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法对120只辽宁新品系绒山羊的6种血液蛋白进行多态性检测，并分析了蛋白标记座位与体重、绒产量和绒细度等经济性状的相关性。采用SAS统计软件处理，统计各经济性状的最小二乘均值（LSM），并进行方差分析和多重比较。结果表明： EsBB型可作为体重性状的优势基因型。TfBB和Amy1-2型位点可作为绒产量的优势基因型，可望作为遗传标记用于标记辅助选择。