禾本科牧草在典型草原区的适应性研究

2001-2003年在内蒙古锡林郭勒盟太仆寺旗通过小区试验,对来自美国、加拿大和中国的21份禾本科牧草进行了物候期、产草量和种子产量的评价和适应性研究.结果表明,来自美国和中国的6份材料不仅适应性较强,而且产草量和种子产量也相对较高,可作为该地区人工草地建设和天然草场改良的优良种质材料.     

降解芳烃微生物的多样性

芳烃是一类生物异源物质,自然微生物群落利用其对环境的适应性,对这类物质由陌生到适应,微生物群落的遗传背景发生了变化,降解芳烃的微生物呈现出多样性,本文系统介绍了降解芳烃微生物的特性,物种资源,环境适应,遗传背景及演变;介绍了各遗传型物种的功能基因数量,表达及调控方式,指明芳烃环境污染的生物修复主要取决于高效工程构造及代谢过程的控制。     

放牧、刈割及摘顶对亚热带人工草地牧草种群的影响

通过比较放牧、刈割及摘顶3种干扰发现,适度放牧、刈割提高了亚热带高山人工草地鸭茅、黑麦草种群的适应性,部分原因在于2种干扰均对牧草进行了摘顶．摘顶解除了牧草的顶端优势及生殖生长。放牧、刈割对牧草产生的生态影响在某种程度上可通过摘顶而实现。从而提高种群密度、热值及能量积累．单因子的人工摘顶试验表明,牧草顶端优势的维持降低了牧草种群密度,抑制了能量积累。从抑制了种间竞争．持续摘顶解除了牧草的顶端优势。促进了牧草密度及能量的增长,从而提高了牧草种群的竞争力．     

On the Nature and Significance of Variability in Lions (Panthera leo)

Although the lion is one of nature’s best-known species, much remains to be learned about its variability. Recently documented variation in genetics, morphology, ecology and behavior help to explain its adaptability and illustrate the inter-dependencies of biological responses at different organizational scales.     

Milk metabolites can characterise individual differences in animal resilience to a nutritional challenge in lactating dairy goats

The aim of this study is built in two phases: to quantify the ability of novel milk metabolites to measure between-animal variability in response and recovery profiles to a short-term nutritional challenge, then to derive a resilience index from the relationship between these individual variations. At two different stages of lactation, sixteen lactating dairy goats were exposed to a 2-d underfeeding challenge. The first challenge was in late lactation, and the second was carried out on the same goats early in the following lactation. During the entire experiment period, samples were taken at each milking for milk metabolite measures. For each metabolite, the response profile of each goat was characterised using a piecewise model for describing the dynamic pattern of response and recovery profiles after the challenge relative to the start of the nutritional challenge. Cluster Analysis identified three types of response/recovery profiles per metabolite. Using cluster membership, multiple correspondence analyses (MCAs) were performed to further characterise response profile types across animals and metabolites. This MCA analysis identified three groups of animals. Further, discriminant path analysis was able to separate these groups of multivariate response/recovery profile type based on threshold levels of three milk metabolites: β-hydroxybutyrate, free glucose and uric acid. Further analyses were done to explore the possibility of developing an index of resilience from milk metabolite measures. Different types of performance response to short-term nutritional challenge can be distinguished using multivariate analyses of a panel of milk metabolites.     

汉中地区引种油橄榄的生态环境及适应性研究

 本文根据生态环境因子的分析,对油橄榄在原产地和汉中地区引种的气温、降雨量(特别是降雨季节分配)和日照及土壤条件的分析研究表明：旱季灌溉和雨季排水,改善土壤的物理性,调正pH值及施钙、磷、硼等来补充某些生态因子的不足,并需选择适应我国气候条件的品种,才是引种的重要途径。     

高产早籼稻的透光率及始穗后对低光强的适应性

用两系法杂交稻组合培矮 64s/E32、培矮 64s/9311、粤杂122和常规水稻品种粤香占、特三矮 2号为材料,1998年早季在广州研究了它们的透光率和对低光强适应性的差异后认为:1.生育期不同其直射光透光率的变化是分蘖期>始穗期<收割期,即透光率由大→小→大变化,它与叶片开张角随生育期变化的情况相对应,但与叶面积指数由小→大→小的变化相反。2.不同类型早籼稻在始穗后遮光处理降低透光率,生育期短的粤杂122、粤香占对低光强的适应性比其余组合或品种好,其单穗重降幅小。     

昆明动物园笼养倭蜂猴的能量代谢

食物是动物适应性生存的基础,能量平衡对动物生存、繁殖和进化起着至关重要的作用 (McNab,1988).     

中国林蛙变态蝌蚪对pH、盐度和碱度的适应性

在水温16～18℃的野外条件下,采用单因子急性毒性实验法,研究了水环境中pH、盐度和碱度对中国林蛙(Rana chensinensis)变态蝌蚪的毒性效应．结果表明,中国林蛙变态蝌蚪对pH的适应范围为4．3～9．7,最低耐受限3．6,最高耐受限10．7;对盐度的最高耐受限为9．98g·L^-1,适应盐度上限7．14g·L^-1,安全盐度上限1．70g·L^-1;对碱度的最高耐受限为19．96mmol·L^-1,适应碱度上限8．76mmol·L^-1。安全碱度上限2．41mmol·L^-1．野外变态蝌蚪饲养池水体pH应控制在6．5～8．5,盐度控制在2．0g·L^-1以下,碱度不超过4．0mmol·L^-1．中国林蛙变态蝌蚪是一种狭酸碱、低耐盐、低耐碱生物。     

小麦品种的耐肥性与光合作用

本试验以耐肥性不同的三个冬小麦品种为试材,研究了品种的耐肥性与光合作用的关系。结果表明,旗叶的光合速率顺序为;泰山一号(中度耐肥)>济南13(高度耐肥)>昌乐5号(不耐肥)。光合速率的绝对值虽因不同年度间环境条件的不同而有所变动,但品种间的差别则保持相对稳定。增施氮肥,能使昌乐5号的光合速率明显降低,而泰山一号和济南13的光合速率则因增施氮肥受到显著的促进。