Synthesis,biological evaluation and in silico studies of 5-(3-methoxybenzylidene)thiazolidine-2,4-dione analogues as PTP1B inhibitors

PTP1B (protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B) dephosphorylates the insulin receptor substrate and thus acts as a negative regulator of the insulin and leptin signalling pathway. Recently, it has been considered as a new therapeutic target of intervention for the treatment of type2 diabetes. A series of aryl/alkylsulfonyloxy-5-(3-methoxybenzylidene)thiazolidine-2,4-dione derivatives were synthesized, screened in vitro for their PTP1B inhibitory activity and in vivo for anti-hyperglycaemic activity. Docking results further helped in understanding the nature of interactions governing the binding mode of ligands inside the active site of PTP1B. Among the synthesized compounds, 13 and 16 were found to be potent PTP1B inhibitors having IC₅₀ of 7.31 and 8.73 μM respectively. Significant lowering of blood glucose level was observed in some of the synthesized compounds in in vivo study.     

Analysis of the transient response of a CSTR containing immobilized enzyme particles: Part I. Model development and analysis of the influence of operating conditions and process parameters

The transient response of the bulk substrate concentration in a CSTR containing immobilized enzyme (IMEs) in porous solid supports and the possibilities of exploiting the minimum behavior for parameter estimation purposes are studied in this work. For that purpose, mathematical models have been developed for several kinetic expressions with parallel deactivation mechanisms and for two different particle shapes (cylindrical and spherical). The influence of a number of system variables and non-dimensional parameters, i.e., pellet radius, mass of particles, flow rate, effective diffusivity, mass transfer coefficient, Thiele modulus, Michaelis constant, and enzyme deactivation constant, is also reported in a systematic way. Simulations, using realistic data, show that the minimum bulk substrate concentration is sufficiently pronounced and the time scale for the minimum to occur is sufficiently practical, so that it can be used to extract several parameters of the immobilized enzyme system.     

SCAR分子标记技术在香菇菌株鉴定上的应用研究

为了建立一套基于DNA分子标记技术快速鉴定香菇菌株的有效方法,本研究首先通过对生产上常用的14个香菇菌株进行RAPD多态性分析,从香菇菌株162中扩增获得了一个片段长为1166bp的特异RAPD标记XG1166,随之利用分子克隆技术将该特异RAPD标记成功转化为稳定的SCAR标记。用同样的方法,本研究又从另一香菇菌株申香10号中获得了一段长度为347bp的特异SCAR标记SX347。试验结果表明,利用本研究获得的香菇菌株162和申香10号的特异SCAR标记,能在一天时间内准确鉴定出香菇菌株162或申香10号菌株的真伪。由此可见,SCAR分子标记是一种快速、稳定、准确鉴定香菇菌株的新方法, 可应用于食用菌种质资源保护利用、品种分类与鉴定和假种辨别。     

兔眼越桔(杜鹃花科)花粉形态——兼谈用极坐标测量四合体花粉的一种新方法

扫描电镜下,兔眼越桔花粉为四合体,外形为准四面体,中等大小,表面具不规则皱波状纹饰,并有多处凹陷。萌发孔沟多为3对(顶分体3条,侧分体各对应1条),以四面体几何中轴为中心,中心对称分布于四面体的3个侧面。萌发孔沟的长度、宽度、孔盖长与宽、孔盖的形状、突起的程度等,在个体间有差异,尤其是一些具有多处凹陷的花粉粒,可能是导致花粉萌发率不同的生态类型。用极坐标法描述四合体花粉的新方法可以表现其饱满度,比较传统上用极轴、赤道轴的长短表现花粉平面大小的方法,更加准确而直观。     

microRNAs在肝细胞癌中的调控机制及临床应用

microRNA（miRNA）在人类恶性肿瘤的发生发展过程中起着重要作用。近期研究表明,miRNA通过结合特定靶标参与调控肝细胞癌（hepatocellularcarcinoma,HCC）的发生,可作为辅助生物标志物用于指导肝细胞癌的诊断和治疗,并为有效地监控和预防肝病提供了新途径。寻找miRNA靶标,阐明miRNA参与肝癌发生的调控机理,有利于肝癌的临床靶向基因治疗。通过总结miRNA在肝细胞癌中的调控机制及临床应用的研究进展,为寻找肝细胞癌早期诊断的生物标志物及介入治疗的靶点提供了参考。     

基于LULUCF温室气体清单编制的浙江省杉木林生物量换算因子

以杉木林为研究对象,在12个县市选取浙江省2009年CFI体系的95个杉木林样地,根据样地平均木,在样地外围相似地段确定解析木共计95株,联立树高曲线方程和生物量模型,同时使用已公开发表的20个杉木生物量模型进行估算,由单株累加获得CFI系统样地的生物量,计算样地生物量与蓄积之比即BEF,建立BEF与林分蓄积之间的关系.根据2009年浙江省CFI体系数据,推算全省杉木林BEF为0.7453t/m3,杉木林总生物量为3721.54万t,不确定性为5.739％;使用IPCC(1996)的碳密度缺省值(0.50)计,生长1 m3杉木吸收CO2 1.3663 t.     

Synthesis and anti-tumor activity of [1,4] dioxino [2,3-f] quinazoline derivatives as dual inhibitors of c-Met and VEGFR-2

Both c-Met and VEGFR-2 were important targets for cancer therapies. In order to develop reversible and non-covalent c-Met and VEGFR-2 dual inhibitors, a series of [1,4]dioxino[2,3-f]quinazoline derivatives were designed and synthesized. The enzyme assay demonstrated that most target compounds had inhibition potency on both c-Met and VEGFR-2 with IC₅₀ values in nanomolar range especially compounds 7m and 7k. Based on further cell proliferation assay in vitro, compound 7k showed significantly anti-tumor activity in vivo on a hepatocellular carcinoma (MHCC97H cells) xenograft mouse model. We docked the compound 7m with c-Met and VEGFR-2 kinases, and interpreted the SAR of these analogues. All results indicated that the target compounds were dual inhibitors of c-Met and VEGFR-2 kinases that held promising potential in cancer therapy.     

Effects of Melatonin on Growth,Physiology and Gene Expression in Rice Seedlings Under Cadmium Stress

Melatonin (MLT) is a hormonal substance found in many organisms and can improve plant stress resistance. In this study, the japonica rice variety Y32 and indica rice variety NJ6 were cultivated in hydroponics under different concentrations of CdCl₂ at the two-leaf stage. The growth, physiological and biochemical responses of the seedlings and the expression of cadmium (Cd)-related genes under exogenous melatonin (MLT) treatment were assessed. The results indicated that Cd stress destroyed the dynamic balance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and removal, resulting in ROS accumulation, membrane lipid peroxidation, and impaired growth and development. Following the application of exogenous MLT to rice seedlings, increases in plant biomass including both underground and above-ground areas were observed. MLT also scavenged the inhibition of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) in a concentration dependent manner in response to Cd stress. Catalase (CAT) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) expression also decreased following MLT treatment. Amongst the six Cd-related genes assessed, five genes were down-regulated and one was up-regulated in response to MLT treatment. Taken together, these data demonstrate that MLT improves the resilience of rice seedlings at the biochemical, physiological, and molecular levels, and diminishes the damage caused by Cd stress.