有关菌根经营管理的国际学术讨论会在西澳佩斯城召开

菌根在农业、匿艺和林业中的经营管理国际学术讨论会(International Symposium on Management of Mycorrhizas in Agriculture, Horticulture and Forestry)1992年9月28日至10月2日在澳大利亚西部佩     

土壤供Si能力及Si与N、P的相互作用

辽宁地区水田土壤有效Si含量和土壤pH值及粘粒含量呈正相关,和DTPA-Fe含量呈负相关.根据土壤有效Si含量及其有关因素判断土壤供Si能力强弱,发现供Si能力强的土壤主要分布在辽南稻作区及部分中部和辽北稻作区,供Si能力弱的土壤主要分布在东部山地稻作区和辽东稻作区.试验证明Si和N、Si和P之间有相互促进肥效的关系,在N、P、Si适当配比下稻谷产量最高,N、P、Si都影响谷草比,在三者相互作用下,稻谷最高产量出现在谷草比1.0-1.1范围内.     

哈尼梯田水源区大气降水氢氧同位素特征及水汽来源

基于哈尼梯田水源区2014年6—8月和2015年全年(共15个月)采集的89个事件降水同位素数据,结合相关气象资料,分析了降水中氢氧同位素组成的变化及其影响因子.利用后向轨迹模型(HYSPLIT)追踪了梯田水源区降水的水汽来源.结果表明:研究区大气降水中稳定同位素组成具有明显季节差异,湿季(5月—10月)δD和δ18O...     

模拟增雨对巴里坤湖干涸湖底沉积物CO2通量的影响

明确湖泊沉积物碳过程对气候变化的响应,是全面了解湖泊生态系统碳收支的重要环节.为探究未来降雨增加对沉积物碳通量的影响,本研究以新疆哈密巴里坤盐湖干涸湖底原状沉积物为对象,基于1960年以来新疆哈密地区降雨量增加速率(4mm.10a-1)以及植物生长季多年降雨量分布特征,以2016年生长季(5-10月)降雨量(86 mm...     

基于稳定同位素技术的增殖放流牙鲆群体鉴别

牙鲆是我国黄渤海重要的增殖放流鱼类,野生群体和放流群体的鉴别是评估牙鲆增殖效果的前提.为了研究稳定同位素技术在增殖放流牙鲆群体鉴别中的应用,本研究以秦皇岛近海增殖放流区捕捞牙鲆幼鱼为对象,先使用项目组前期开发的形态学和分子标记相结合的方法区分野生群体和放流群体,再分别测定肌肉碳、氮稳定同位素值和耳石(全耳石和耳石核心区...     

青藏高原高寒灌丛2003-2016年生长季的不同月份CO2通量对气温日较差的响应

全球气候变化引起的气温日较差（ADT）减小，将会对高寒生态系统的碳平衡造成深刻影响。基于涡度相关系统，利用2003-2016年的涡度相关系统观测资料，做了青藏高原高寒灌丛在生长季（6-9月）不同月份的ADT对CO₂通量影响的研究。结果表明：2003-2016年的生长季中，最高气温（MaxTa）和最低气温（MinTa）呈先升高后降低的单峰变化趋势，ADT没有呈现明显的变化趋势。逐日总初级生产力（GPP）和生态系统呼吸（Re）呈先增加后降低的单峰趋势，逐日净生态系统CO₂交换（NEE）呈先下降后上升的"V"型变化趋势。高寒灌丛在生长季为碳汇，整个生长季总NEE、GPP和Re平均值分别为（-161.2±30.1）、（501.9±60.2）、（340.7±54.4） gCm^-2。在高寒灌丛生长季（6-9月）的每个月份，MaxTa、MinTa和ADT分别是GPP（P<0.001）、Re（P<0.001）和NEE（P<0.01）变化的主要控制因子。高寒灌丛的ADT的增大有利于生态系统的碳固持，暗示在未来气候变化背景下ADT的减小将会削弱高寒灌丛生态系统的碳汇能力。     

Interspecific water use strategies of a Juglans regia and Isatis tinctoria/Senna tora agroforestry

Aims Understanding the interspecific water relations is important for designing agroforestry systems. The objective of this study was to determine the water use strategies of component species in a walnut (Juglans regia)-woad (Isatis tinctoria)/sicklepod (Senna tora) agroforestry system.Methods Water sources of component species in a walnut-woad/sicklepod agroforestry system were investigated with the technique of stable deuterium isotope tracing at a site of hilly area in Northern China during 2012-2013.Important findings Results showed that the soil water content in the agroforestry system was 26.74% and 7.93% greater than in the pure woad field in the first half year, and 17.39% and 13.65% greater than in the pure sicklepod field in the second half year (sicklepod growth period), in 2012 and 2013, respectively. The lowest water content was found in the middle of tree rows, and the highest water content was found in the northern side of tree rows or under the trees. In the soil layers measured, the pure woad and pure sicklepod systems had greater hydrogen stable isotope ratios (δ D value) of soil water than in the agroforestry system. During the period of woad growth, more than half of the water absorbed by walnut was from the deeper soil layer (30-80 cm). In contrast, the walnut trees mainly utilized shallow layer (0-30 cm) soil water during the period of sicklepod growth. These findings suggest that walnut has a two-state root system: during the period of woad growth, shallow roots of walnut are not active when soil is dry whereas the sicklepod growth occur in rainy season, and the shallow roots of walnut are active and utilize more shallow soil water supplemented by rainwater. More than 85% of water used by both the woad and the sicklepod were from the shallow layer soil. At the seedling stage, the roots of woad, cannot grow into the deeper soil layer, and the absorbed water is completely from the shallow layer in the pure woad system. However, 5.7% of the water absorbed by the intercropped woad was from the deeper soil layer in 2012, and the proportion increased further (9.7%) in the following year when there was less precipitation. The results confirmed that hydraulic lift effect of walnut occurred on shallow layer crop in dry season, and this effect become greater under drier conditions. Therefore, deeper roots of walnut improved water condition in the walnut- woad/sicklepod agroforestry systems compared to pure crop systems. The walnut mainly utilized water from the deeper layer to avoid water competition with the shallow layer. In the dry season, crops benefited from the water provided by walnut roots through hydraulic lift. Walnut and intercropped plants exhibited water facilitation in the agroforestry systems, suggesting that this configuration is a suitable practice in this area.     

Theoretical Proof and Empirical Confirmation of a Continuous Labeling Method Using Naturally ^13C-Depleted Carbon Dioxide

Continuous Isotope labeling and tracing is often needed to study the transformation, movement, and allocation of carbon in plant-soil systems. However, existing labeling methods have numerous limitations. The present study Introduces a new continuous labeling method using naturally ^13C-depleted CO2. We theoretically proved that a stable level of ^13C-CO2 abundance in a labeling chamber can be maintained by controlling the rate of CO2-free air Injection and the rate of ambient airflow with coupling of automatic control of CO2 concentration using a CO2 analyzer. The theoretical results were tested and confirmed in a 54 day experiment in a plant growth chamber. This new continuous labeling method avoids the use of radioactive ^14C or expensive ^13C-enrlched CO2 required by existing methods and therefore eliminates issues of radiation safety or unaffordable isotope cost, as well as creating new opportunities for short- or long-term labeling experiments under a controlled environment.     

空心莲子草、大豆和向日葵根部K~+(~(86)Rb~+)的吸收和通量分析

与大豆、向日葵相比,空心莲子草根系具有一个较高效率的K~+吸收机制。它的K_m值很小,I_m值又较高。空心莲子草根系将K~+向地上部运输的能力也比大豆和向日葵高得多。 上述三种植物根组织K~+含量的差异主要是因为液泡中含K~+量的不同,而细胞质的含K~+量影响不大。其中,参数K_cv/K_vc的比值可以表示液泡积累K~+的特征,并且也决定着不同植物根组织积累K~+的能力。