GB对低温胁迫黄瓜叶绿体及SOD、POD同工酶的影响

采用电镜观察和聚丙烯酰胺垂直板电泳法,研究了GB对低温胁迫下黄瓜幼苗叶绿体超微结构和SOD、POD同工酶的影响。结果表明,低温胁迫下,GB可使黄瓜幼苗叶绿体膜结构保持完好,而对照的叶绿体基粒破坏严重;与对照相比,GB处理对SOD、POD同工酶谱带数目均无影响,但POD同工酶的P2(Rf0．24)、P3(Rf0．30)、P4(Rf0．36)酶带的活性增加,SOD同工酶的S1(Rf0．14)、S5(Rf0．58)酶带活性较高,保持了黄瓜幼苗体内相对较高的抗氧化酶活性。GB可保护膜的完整性和稳定性,从而提高黄瓜幼苗的抗冷性。     

菠菜甜菜碱醛脱氢酶基因在棉花中的过量表达和抗冻耐逆性分析

分离出菠菜甜菜碱醛脱氢酶基因(SoBADH)构建成由CaMV35S驱动的双元植物表达载体pBSB, 农杆菌菌株LBA4404携带该载体转化棉花, 获得转基因棉花植株。65株转基因植株经过PCR筛选、Southern blotting分析证明有45株为成功的转化株, 外源基因已经被整合到棉花的染色体组中, 并以单拷贝插入居多。对部分株系的SoBADH基因的表达进行分析表明均有较高的mRNA和蛋白的表达。经测定这些株系中的甜菜碱脱氢酶活性显著提高, 达到0.66~1.70 nmol/min/mg水平。同时这些转基因株系在盐胁迫下比对照长势强, 株高和地上部分的鲜重显著高于非转基因对照; 在低温胁迫下, 这些转基因株系表现出显著的抗冻性能。结果表明菠菜甜菜碱醛脱氢酶能够在异源植物棉花中过量表达, 并具有较高的酶活性, 转基因棉花可作为抗逆育种的种质材料。     

外源甜菜碱对黄瓜幼苗抗冷性的影响

以5 mmol·L-1甜菜碱(GB)根施黄瓜幼苗24h,可缓解低温胁迫[(6±1)℃]5 d后的叶中叶绿素含量的下降,保持相对较高的净光合速率和抗氧化酶活性,削弱丙二醛(MDA)积累,保持细胞膜的相对完整性,提高幼苗存活率.     

Choline and betaine ameliorate liver lipid accumulation induced by vitamin B6 deficiency in rats

We investigated the efficacy of supplementing the diet with choline or betaine in ameliorating lipid accumulation induced by vitamin B₆ (B₆) deficiency in rat liver. Male Wistar rats were fed a control, B₆-deficient, choline-supplemented (2, 4, or 6 g choline bitartrate/kg diet) B₆-deficient diet or betaine-supplemented (1, 2, or 4 g betaine anhydrous/kg diet) B₆-deficient diet for 35 d; all diets contained 9 g L-methionine (Met)/kg diet. Choline or betaine supplementation attenuated liver lipid deposition and restored plasma lipid profiles to control levels. These treatments restored the disruptions in Met metabolism and the phosphatidylcholine (PC)/phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) ratio induced by B₆ deficiency in liver microsomes. These results suggest that choline and betaine ameliorated liver lipid accumulation induced by B₆ deficiency via recovery of Met metabolism and very low-density lipoprotein secretion by restoring the supply of PC derived from PE.     

Responses of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) to drought and nutrient deficiency stress

The responses of two sugar beet genotypes, 24367 (putative droughttolerant) and N6 (putative drought intolerant), to drought and nutrientdeficiency stress were investigated in an attempt to identify reliable andsensitive indicators of stress tolerance. In glasshouse-grown plants of bothgenotypes, relative water content (RWC) of the leaves decreased and leaftemperature increased in response to drought stress. Genotype differences inresponse to drought included leaf RWC, glycine betaine accumulation, alterationof shoot/root ratio and production of fibrous roots. Thus, in comparison to N6,genotype 24367 lost less water from leaves, produced more fibrous roots,produced more glycine betaine in shoots and tap roots and had a much reducedshoot/root ratio in response to withholding water for up to 215 h.The hydraulic conductance and sap flow of sugar beet seedlings grown innutrientculture decreased when subjected to nitrogen deficiency stress. Under nitrogensufficient conditions sap flow was greater in 24367 than in N6. The resultsindicate that genotype 24367 is more tolerant to stresses induced by water andnitrogen deficiency and that increased fibrous root development may be a majorfactor in increasing sap flow via a concomitant enhancement of aquaporinactivity.     

一步PCR快速扩增辽宁碱蓬甜菜碱醛脱氢酶cDNA 3'末端序列

根据已获得的辽宁碱蓬甜菜碱醛脱氢酶cDNA的部分序列,设计一条基因特异性引物,与通用引物并用,一步PCR成功地克隆了辽宁碱蓬甜菜碱醛脱氢酶cDNA 3′末端。与常规的3′RACE法相比,一步PCR法具有快速、简便、经济等优点,是一种非常快捷的扩增cDNA 3′末端序列的方法。 Abstract:Based on part of a known cDNA sequence of Suaeda liaotungensis betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase,we successfully cloned the 3′cDNA end of S.lianotungensis betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase using one step PCR with a gene specific primer and universal primer.Compared with the typical 3′ RACE,one step PCR is rapid,simple and inexpensive.It is very rapid to amplify an unknown cDNA 3′end using this method.     

甜菜碱与植物抗旱/盐性研究进展

系统地讨论了甜菜碱在植物体内的代谢特性与甜菜碱合成酶基因工程、甜菜碱生理功能与植物抗旱／盐生理的关系以及外源甜菜碱调控植物抗旱／盐性研究进展,最终实现通过施用外源甜菜碱和利用基因工程技术将合成甜菜碱的代谢途径引入植物,以抵抗由于干旱／盐胁迫对植物造成的伤害,为其农业利用开辟新途径。     

蛋白核酸合成抑制剂和蛋白磷酸化对基因表达的调节

环己酰亚胺和放线菌素D明显降低小麦幼苗中BADH基因的表达,表明BADH基因表达在转录和转译水平上受到调控。氯霉素则有增加表达的效应。线粒体可能形成阻遏蛋白参与调节。H7和甘露糖降低BADH基因表达,相应地冈田酸(Okadaic acid)明显增加表达,说明蛋白磷酸化积极参与小麦幼苗中BADH基因表达的调节。     

山菠菜胆碱单氧化物酶基因(CMO)的克隆与分析

甜菜碱是一类广泛存在于生物体内的渗透保护剂。高等植物中,甜菜碱的生物合成经由胆碱→甜菜碱醛→甜菜碱两步反应完成,其中第一步反应,也是甜菜碱生物合成的限速反应,由胆碱单氧化物酶(CMO)催化。本研究以耐盐植物山菠菜(Atriplex hortensis)为材料构建了盐胁迫下的cDNA文库,用菠菜CMO cDNA为探针从中筛选获得一个长1.77kb的cDNA克隆,测序结果表明该克隆包含一个完整的开放读码框,编码一个由438个氨基酸构成的多肽,与菠菜和甜菜CMO的氨基酸序列同源性分别为81%和72%。同菠菜和甜菜中的CMO序列相比,山菠菜CMO基因(AhCMO)也具有保守的RieskeType［2Fe2S］簇结合区和保守的多铁原子核结合域。对盐处理条件下山菠菜CMO基因转录水平的研究表明CMO基因在盐胁迫情况下表达量增加约3倍。将CMO与35S启动子连接后转化烟草(Nictiana tabacumvar.Xanthi),获得了具有一定耐盐性状的转基因植株,在1.2%NaCl的盐浓度下生长良好。