抗氧化系统在热激诱导的玉米幼苗耐热性形成中的作用

玉米幼苗经过42℃热激4h并恢复4h后,显著提高了玉米幼苗在高温处理下的存活率。热激并恢复4h后,不同程度地提高了抗氧化酶系统过氧化氢酶(CAT),超氧化物歧化酶(SOD),谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR),抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)和过氧化物酶(GPX)的活性以及抗氧化剂还原型抗坏血酸(ASA)和谷胱甘肽(GSH)的含量,且经过热激的玉米幼苗在高温处理期间及其后的恢复过程中均能保持相对较高的抗氧化酶活性和抗氧化剂水平,说明保持较高的抗氧化酶活性和抗氧化剂水平是热激诱导的玉米幼苗耐热性形成的生理基础之一。     

抗氧化系统在H2O2诱导的玉米幼苗耐热性形成中的作用

H2O2预处理可显著增强玉米幼苗的耐热性.H2O2预处理后,玉米幼苗抗氧化酶谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)的活性及还原型抗氧化剂抗坏血酸(ASA)和谷胱甘肽(GSH)的水平显著提高,且H2O2预处理过的幼苗在高温处理期间及其后的恢复过程中均能保持相对较高的抗氧化酶活力和还原型/氧化型抗氧化剂比例.     

多效唑提高水稻幼苗抗低温能力的机理初探

对植物生长延缓剂多效唑 ( PP333)影响水稻幼苗抗低温能力进行研究。结果表明 ,用PP333浸种后在水稻培养液中培养 1 0 d的幼苗 ,经 ( 4℃± 0 .5℃ )低温胁迫后 ,能有效地降低相对电导率 ,维持较高的 SOD活性 ,提高 CAT、POD活性 ,减缓 MDA的积累。PP333处理使低温下的水稻幼苗维持较高的游离脯氨酸含量 ,延缓幼苗生长 ,使幼苗生长健壮     

干旱胁迫下尖果沙枣幼苗的根系活力和光合特性

以尖果沙枣1年生实生苗为材料,研究了自然干旱时不同土壤相对含水量对幼苗叶片细胞质膜相对透性、叶片相对含水量、根系活力、光合色素含量和光合参数等指标的影响.结果表明:土壤相对含水量从70%(CK)降到40%时,幼苗根系活力和净光合速率均逐渐上升并达到最大值,分别为1178μg.g-1.h-1和21.9μmol.m-2.s-1;光合色素含量稳步上升;蒸腾速率和水分利用效率均保持稳定;叶片细胞质膜相对透性保持较低水平.土壤相对含水量从40%降到20%时,幼苗叶片相对含水量仍在50%以上,叶片细胞质膜相对透性仍保持较低水平;根系活力和光合色素含量仍较高;但其他光合参数开始缓慢下降.土壤相对含水量从10%降到5%时,幼苗叶片细胞质膜相对透性急剧上升;叶片相对含水量、根系活力、总叶绿素含量、光合参数均极显著下降;而土壤相对含水量为10%时幼苗表现出最高的水分利用效率.尖果沙枣土壤相对含水量最好控制在40%~50%,其1年生实生苗的永久萎蔫系数为4.3%(土壤相对含水量).     

外源亚精胺对Ca(NO3)2胁迫下黄瓜幼苗生长和活性氧代谢的影响

以温室专用黄瓜品种'津优3号'幼苗为材料,采用营养液栽培方法,研究了叶面喷施1 mmol·L-1亚精胺(Spd)对60 mmol·L-1硝酸钙胁迫下黄瓜幼苗生长和植株体内活性氧代谢的影响.结果显示,Ca(NO3)2胁迫下,黄瓜幼苗叶片和根系O-·2产生速率显著增加,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)等抗氧化酶活性升高,同时MDA含量和相对电导率明显提高,显著降低了黄瓜幼苗的株高、鲜重和干重;外源喷施Spd提高了硝酸钙胁迫下黄瓜幼苗叶片和根系SOD、POD和CAT活性,降低了O-·2产生速率,MDA含量及相对电导率显著下降.由此可见,外源Spd可通过提高黄瓜幼苗SOD、POD和CAT等保护酶活性来增强其对体内活性氧的有效清除能力,降低膜质过氧化伤害程度,从而缓解硝酸钙胁迫对黄瓜幼苗生长的抑制.     

外源水杨酸对NaCl胁迫下大豆种子萌发和幼苗生长生理的影响

以大豆种子、幼苗为试验材料,采用砂培的方法,研究了0.2mmol·L-1外源水杨酸(SA)对100mmol·L-1 NaCl胁迫下大豆种子萌发、幼苗形态及生物量、膜脂过氧化和抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果显示:NaCl胁迫下,大豆种子萌发和幼苗生长受到显著抑制,且随着胁迫时间的延长(0~3d),大豆幼苗相对电解质渗漏率、硫代巴比妥酸活性产物(TBARS)含量显著升高,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性均明显降低。外源SA促进NaCl胁迫下大豆种子萌发和根茎生长,增加幼苗生物量积累,降低幼苗叶片相对电解质渗漏率和TBARS含量,增强其叶片SOD、CAT、APX活性。研究表明,NaCl胁迫能显著抑制大豆种子萌发和幼苗生长,而一定浓度的外源SA能有效提高NaCl胁迫下大豆种子活力及幼苗抗氧化酶活性,减轻膜脂过氧化程度,缓解NaCl胁迫所造成的伤害,提高大豆幼苗抗盐胁迫的能力。     

GB对低温胁迫黄瓜叶绿体及SOD、POD同工酶的影响

采用电镜观察和聚丙烯酰胺垂直板电泳法,研究了GB对低温胁迫下黄瓜幼苗叶绿体超微结构和SOD、POD同工酶的影响。结果表明,低温胁迫下,GB可使黄瓜幼苗叶绿体膜结构保持完好,而对照的叶绿体基粒破坏严重;与对照相比,GB处理对SOD、POD同工酶谱带数目均无影响,但POD同工酶的P2(Rf0．24)、P3(Rf0．30)、P4(Rf0．36)酶带的活性增加,SOD同工酶的S1(Rf0．14)、S5(Rf0．58)酶带活性较高,保持了黄瓜幼苗体内相对较高的抗氧化酶活性。GB可保护膜的完整性和稳定性,从而提高黄瓜幼苗的抗冷性。     

表油菜素内酯对水稻幼苗抗冷性的影响

表油菜素内酯(epiBR)浸种24h,既能促进水稻幼苗在18℃下的生长并使低温胁迫(5℃±1℃,48 h)后在28℃下迅速恢复生长。水稻幼苗在低温逆境时,epiBR能有效地降低相对电导率,维持较高的SOD活性,减缓MDA的积累。epiBR处理还能在低温胁迫第一天促进脯氨酸累积,但在第二、三天反而低于对照。同时,epiBR使低温下的水稻幼苗保持较高的ATP水平。     

外源一氧化氮和过氧化氢调节菊苣盐适应性

研究外源性一氧化氮(NO)供体硝普钠(SNP,0.1 mmol·L-1)和过氧化氢(H2O2,0.5 mmol·L-1)对NaCl(210 mmol·L-1)胁迫下菊苣(Cichorium intybus)幼苗生长、抗氧化酶活性和逆境蛋白的影响。结果表明:与空白对照相比,盐胁迫导致菊苣幼苗的根长和鲜重显著降低;丙二醛(MDA)含量显著升高(P0.05);超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性减弱,而过氧化物酶(POD)活性增强;热激蛋白90(HSP 90)和脱水蛋白(CiDHN1)mRNA的相对表达量增加,CiDHN1含量在2~48 h内持续升高。与盐胁迫对照相比,SNP预处理缓解了盐胁迫对菊苣幼苗生长的抑制;使幼苗MDA含量显著下降;SOD、POD和CAT活性显著增强(P0.05),SOD和POD同工酶谱带增多;并使HSP90和CiDHN1mRNA的相对表达量和蛋白含量均进一步增加;H2O2预处理也具有类似的效应。这说明SNP和H2O2预处理对菊苣幼苗盐胁迫的缓解效应与其上调抗氧化酶的活性和逆境蛋白的表达有关。     

水杨酸诱导的玉米幼苗适应高温和低温胁迫的能力与抗氧化酶系统的关系

玉米种子经水杨酸(SA)预处理后其幼苗的耐热性与耐冷性提高.其中以300μmol·L-1SA预处理的玉米幼苗对46℃高温胁迫2 d的耐热性提高最大,150μmol·L-1SA预处理的玉米幼苗对1℃低温胁迫5 d的耐冷性提高最大.在高温和低温胁迫过程中,SA预处理过的玉米幼苗中过氧化氢酶(CAT)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、过氧化物酶(GPX)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)的活性水平均高于未经SA处理的.     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

Time of detection of recessive genes: effects of system of mating and number of examined individuals

Summary Anthers were cultured from two sets of seven lines of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with different cytoplasms, the euplasmic nucleus donors, Siete Cerros 66 and Penjamo 62, as well as their six alloplasmic lines derived from wild relative species of the genera Triticum and Aegilops. Significant cytoplasmic and nuclear effects but no cytoplasmic-nuclear interaction were found for embryogenic anther response, with the best performance of Penjamo 62 in Ae. kotschyi cytoplasm. Plant regeneration was not affected significantly by the cytoplasmic background of the lines cultured. The possible genetic implications of the observed cytoplasmic and nuclear influences on the in vitro haploid induction of wheat are discussed.