葡萄球菌临床分离株对抗生素的药物敏感性

目的 了解天津8家三级甲等医院葡萄球菌临床分离株对常用抗生素的耐药情况和趋势。方法 收集天津市8所医院葡萄球菌临床株,用纸片扩散法进行药物敏感性测定。结果 2001～2002年分离的葡萄球菌临床株490株。金黄色葡萄球菌319株,MRSA占51.7%;凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌171株,MRCNS占65.6%。其中一医院2002～2003年分离的葡萄球菌临床株共103株.金黄色葡萄球菌81株,MRSA占%;凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌22株,MRCNS占72.84%;未发现万古霉素耐药株。结论 葡萄球菌的标本来源主要是痰培养和尿培养。MRSA的分离率与我国其他地区的数据相似。万古霉素在该地区仍然是最有效的治疗葡萄球菌感染的抗菌药物。     

蕲蛇酶治疗血栓闭塞性脉管炎38例

血栓闭塞性脉管炎（TAO）多发于男性青壮年,以肢体动脉炎症性、节段性、周期性发作的慢性闭塞性疾病,致残率高。我科于2003～2005年10月对38例血栓闭塞性脉管炎患者用蕲蛇酶注射液配合中药治疗,取得一定疗效,现报告如下。     

小孔钻颅术治疗颅内血肿的观察与护理

小孔钻颅术亦称微创颅内血肿清除术,是应用YL—Ⅰ型一次性颅内血肿穿刺针,在电钻（手钻）驱动下直接穿颅刺人血肿,然后应用生化酶技术将血肿液化,经针腔排出体外,清除及治愈血肿。我院2002-2005年采用小孔钻颅术治疗颅内血肿78例,效果显著。现将观察护理报告如下。     

海洋真菌Asteromyces sp.TM76木聚糖酶生产初步研究

研究了海洋真菌Asteromyces sp．TM76的生长动力学和发酵产酶情况。在生长培养基中,TM76菌的最大比生长速率为1．875（1／d）,倍增时间为8．87h;TM76发酵过程中所产木聚糖酶有两个生产高峰,第7d,有最大木聚糖酶活力470．5U／mL。发酵起始pH为6．5时对产酶最佳。酶学性质研究表明该菌所产木聚糖酶的最适反应pH和温度分别为6．5和55℃,在不同温度保温1h,测定酶的半失活温度为63℃。     

10℃低温对绿豆和豌豆下胚轴细胞一些抗氧化酶活性和超微结构的影响

经10℃低温胁迫后,绿豆下胚轴MDA含量以及sOD、POD和CAT活性均极显著(P＜0.01)升高,而豌豆下胚轴细胞中sOD活性极显著(P＜0.01)上升;绿豆下胚轴细胞内的质体过量积累淀粉粒,豌豆下胚轴内的质体却无此现象,呈现各种形态,其中以哑铃形最为常见;在绿豆和豌豆中均观察到中央大液泡被分割成小液泡,线粒体数量增加、出现聚集现象,且线粒体向质体和内质网靠拢.从上述结果看,10℃低温对绿豆下胚轴细胞产生可逆的损伤,而对豌豆没有显著伤害,还能提高它的耐寒水平.     

纯氧对采后杨梅果实腐烂的抑制与抗病相关酶的诱导

为研究高氧对抑制果实腐烂的作用及其与抗病相关酶活性诱导的关系,将杨梅果实采后在5℃用纯氧或空气(对照)处理12 d.结果表明,纯氧处理可显著抑制果实腐烂发生,贮藏12 d后对照果实的腐烂指数达到54%,而处理果实仅为17%.纯氧处理在贮藏前期可诱导杨梅果实几丁质酶和β-1,3-葡聚糖酶活性的升高,并在第6天时达到高峰.另外,纯氧处理增加了苯丙氨酸解氨酶和过氧化物酶的活性及总酚含量,并在整个贮藏期间一直高于对照水平.这些结果表明,高氧抑制杨梅果实腐烂的作用与诱导与抗病相关的酶的活性升高密切相关,抗病性诱导是高氧抑制杨梅果实腐烂的重要原因.     

外源毒性物质及其在植物抗虫品种培育中的应用概况

对昆虫具有毒性的外源毒性物质广泛存在于微生物、植物和一些动物中。概述了Bt晶体蛋白、蛋白酶抑制剂、植物凝集素、淀粉酶抑制剂、几丁质酶等几种外源毒性物质的特征、杀虫机理及其基因在植物抗虫品种培育方面的应用概况,并对今后转外源毒性基因抗虫植物的主要研究方向作了探讨。     

外源多胺对低氧胁迫下黄瓜幼苗根系生长及H+-ATP酶和H+-焦磷酸酶活性的影响

采用营养液水培方式,研究了根际低氧胁迫下外源多胺对黄瓜幼苗植株根系生长,内源多胺含量与质膜H -ATP酶、液泡膜H -ATP酶和焦磷酸酶活性的影响.结果表明,根际低氧胁迫显著抑制黄瓜幼苗根系的生长,外源Put(腐胺)和Spd(亚精胺)可缓解低氧胁迫对根系的生长抑制,多胺主要以Spd的形式发挥促进性的生理作用,Put通过转化为Spd发挥作用;低氧胁迫下黄瓜根系内源多胺含量略有提高,外源多胺处理可增加内源多胺的含量;低氧胁迫下外源Put和Spd处理后质膜H -ATP酶活性显著提高,外源多胺对黄瓜根系液胞膜H -ATP酶和H -焦磷酸酶活性没有明显影响,说明低氧胁迫下外源多胺主要通过提高质膜H -ATP酶活性而发挥生理作用.     

水稻籽粒淀粉分支酶活性的遗传分析

用由247个株系组成的珍汕97B/密阳46重组自交系群体及其含207个分子标记的连锁图谱,在2002年和2003年分别测定亲本和重组自交系群体开花后10 d和20 d籽粒的淀粉分支酶的活性,检测到3个控制开花后10 d Q酶活性的主效应QTL(qnantitative trait loci),联合贡献率为10%,其中qQ10-6与环境发生显著的互作;分别检测到5对和2对染色体区间对开花后10 d、20 d Q酶活性的影响具有加性×加性上位性作用,其中开花后10 d的3对染色体区间具有显著的上位性×环境互作效应.由此可见,水稻籽粒Q酶活性相关基因的表达,受到环境因子的极大影响.     

Genetic Transformation of Tobacco with the Trehalose Synthase Gene from Grifola frondosa Fr. Enhances the Resistance to Drought and Salt in Tobacco

Trehalose is a non-reducing disaccharide of glucose that functions as a protectant in the stabilization of biological structures and enhances the tolerance of organisms to abiotic stress. In the present study, we report on the expression of the Grifolafrondosa Fr. trehalose synthase (TSase) gene for manipulating abiotic stress tolerance in tobacco (Nicotiana tabaccum L.). The expression of the transgene was under the control of two tandem copies of the CaMV35S promoter and was transferred into tobacco by Agrobacterium tumefaciens EHA105. Compared with non-transgenic plants, transgenic plants were able to accumulate high levels of products of trehalose, which were increased up to 2.126-2.556 mg/g FW, although levels were undetectable in non-transgenic plants. This level of trehalose in transgenic plants was 400-fold higher than that of transgenic tobacco plants cotransformed with Escherichia coli TPS and TPP on independent expression cassettes, twofold higher than that of transgenic rice plants transformed with a bifunctional fusion gene (TPSP) of the trehalose-6-phosphate (T-6-P) synthase (TPS) and T-6-P phosphatase(TPP) of E. coil, and 12-fold higher than that of transgenic tobacco plants transformed the yeast TPS1 gene.It has been reported that transgenic plants with E. coil TPS and/or TPP were severely stunted and had morphological alterations of their roots. Interestingly, our transgenic plants have obvious morphological changes, including thick and deep-coloured leaves, but show no growth inhibition; moreover, these morphological changes can restore to normal type in T2 progenies. Trehalose accumulation in 35S-35S:TSase plants resulted in increased tolerance to drought and salt, as shown by the results of tests on drought, salt tolerance, and drought physiological indices, such as water content in excised leaves, malondialdehyde content, chlorophyll a and b contents, and the activity of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase in excised leaves. These results suggest that transgenic plants transformed with the TSase gene can accumulate high levels of trehalose and have enhanced tolerance to drought and salt.