菊花中一个新的多糖的研究

通过热水提取、离子交换层析和凝胶层析,从菊花(Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.)中分离得到一个新的多糖.根据糖组成分析、甲基化分析、高碘酸氧化、部分酸水解和NMR谱图分析,确定其结构如下:[→4)-Galp-(1→4)-Galp-(1→4)-Galp-(1→4)-Galp-(1→6)-Galp-(1]→F3L2Araf-(1→5)-Araf-(1→4)-Glcp-(1→4)-Glcp1→6 F3[→4)-Galp-(1→4)-Galp-(1→4)-Galp-(1→4)-Ga6p-(1→6)-Galp-(1]→n     

Influences of milk components on biofilm formation of Cronobacter spp. (Enterobacter sakazakii)

Aim:  To determine the critical component(s) of skim milk for biofilm formation of Cronobacter species.
Methods and Results:  Biofilm forming ability of 72 Cronobacter strains in skim milk preparation was assayed by crystal violet staining. The results revealed that whey protein and casein are more important determinants of skim milk for biofilm formation than lactose, although there was a wide variation in biofilm forming ability. Biofilm structure and capsular material of six strains exhibiting different biofilm forming ability was investigated via electron microscopes. Scanning electron microscopy showed visually that while the strong biofilm formers (E27B, FSM 30 and 2·82) resulted in almost complete coagulation of skim milk, the weak biofilm formers (55, FSM 290 and 2·84) caused less coagulation. No capsule was clearly delineated in transmission electron micrographs of either strong or weak biofilm formers.
Conclusion:  These results indicate that, for biofilm formation of Cronobacter species in skim milk, nitrogen source is probably a more important determinant than carbohydrate, and that strong biofilm formers are responsible for substantial coagulation of skim milk.
Significance and Impact of the Study:  This study provides information for better understanding of the underlying mechanisms by which Cronobacter species form biofilm in infant formula milk.     

Antitumor mechanism of Se-containing polysaccharide, a novel organic selenium compound

Recent studies on the inhibition of tumor growth by Se-containing polysaccharide were reviewed. Meanwhile, the possible molecular mechanisms of the inhibition of tumor cell growth through antioxidation, induction of tumor cell apoptosis, blockade of cell cycle, and enhancement of immunity by Se-containing polysaccharide were proposed. In the end, the potential application of Se-containing polysaccharide in the prevention and treatment of tumor was elucidated.     

火针层孔菌（桑黄）粗多糖对荷瘤小鼠的免疫调节研究

研究了火针层孔菌不同粗多糖对荷瘤小鼠的免疫调节作用。荷瘤小鼠随机分为四组:胞外粗多糖组、菌丝体粗多糖组、子实体粗多糖组和生理盐水阴性对照组。给药10d后测定荷瘤小鼠脾NK细胞活性和脾淋巴细胞的增殖率。结果显示火针层孔菌粗多糖组与阴性对照组相比能够提高小鼠脾NK细胞活性和脾淋巴细胞的增殖率(P<0.01),表明火针层孔菌液体发酵粗多糖和子实体粗多糖对荷瘤小鼠免疫功能均有调节作用。     

毛木耳子实体中活性多糖APPⅡA的分离纯化与结构初探

毛木耳Auricularia polytricha子实体500g经热水浸提、乙醇沉淀、Sevage法脱蛋白后,得到粗多糖3.94g,得率为0.79%。经小鼠S180载体实验证实,50mg/kg该粗多糖对肿瘤的抑制率达47.89%,呈极显著差异。利用离子交换柱对其进行分离,共得到三个部分,分别命名为APPⅠ、APPⅡ、APPⅢ。其中,APPⅡ对小鼠S180的抑制率达到56.36%,明显优于其他两部分。通过SephacrylS300凝胶过滤层析柱后,APPⅡ被进一步分离为A和B两个部分,APPⅡA的抑瘤率为53.61%,远高于APPⅡB,呈极显著差异。通过紫外光谱、红外光谱等方法对该单一多糖组分进行结构分析,表明APPⅡA为一相对分子质量约为110,000Da、可能同时具有α和β构象的杂多糖,主要有木糖和甘露糖组成,且纯度较高,含有硫酸基。     

金丝小枣多糖ZP3c的分离纯化及其组成分析

经DEAE-SepharoseCL-6B、SepharoseCL-6B和Sephadex G-200柱层析,得到一个均一的金丝小枣多糖组分(ZP3c).ZP3c的中性单糖是由鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖和半乳糖组成,其摩尔比为1:2.13:19.3.经红外光谱测定,ZP3c的酯化度为41.85%.     

紫锥菊多糖抑制致病性大肠埃希菌细胞黏附的试验研究

目的研究紫锥菊多糖能否影响致病性大肠埃希菌对细胞的黏附。方法使用PK-15细胞进行黏附试验及黏附抑制试验。结果发现紫锥菊多糖浓度为1.6 mg/ml时,对细菌黏附细胞的抑制作用最好,黏附率由50个细菌/细胞降低到6.8个细菌/细胞。结论紫锥菊多糖对致病性大肠埃希菌的细胞黏附具有抑制作用,提示该多糖具有调节肠道微生态的潜在应用价值。     

营养物质对桑黄菌丝生物量及胞外多糖产量的影响

研究了不同碳源、氮源和无机盐对桑黄深层培养菌丝生物量和胞外多糖产量的影响,结果表明：在培养温度为26℃、摇床转速为160r／min、发酵时间为10d的条件下,以桑黄菌丝生物量为指标,最适碳源、氮源和无机盐分别是果糖或葡萄糖、酵母粉或酵母膏、KH2P04或MgSO4·7H2O;菌丝生物量分别达到1．51、1．31、1．69、1．52、1．52、1．36g／100mL;以胞外多糖为指标,最适碳源、氮源和无机盐分别是葡萄糖、酵母膏、ZnSO4·7H2O,胞外多糖产量分别达到0．49、0．45、0．22g／100mL。     

Analysis of the monosaccharide composition of purified polysaccharides in Ganoderma atrum by capillary gas chromatography

Introduction – Ganoderma, one of the best‐known traditional Chinese medicines, has attracted considerable attention owing to the fact that dozens of polysaccharides isolated from it have shown diverse and potentially significant pharmacological activities. However, no work has been reported on the analysis of monosaccharide composition of polysaccharide isolated from the aqueous extract of Ganoderma atrum yet. Objective – To develop a simple and sensitive GC‐based method for the analysis of monosaccharide composition of purified polysaccharides in Ganoderma atrum. Methodology – The polysaccharide was first hydrolysed to give the constituent monosaccharides, which were subsequently derived into acetylated aldononitriles and analysed by gas chromatography using a capillary column packed with a (5%phenyl) methylpolysiloxane stationary phase with the addition of acetyl inositol as the inner standard. High‐performance liquid chromatography was also used for comparison. Results – The stable derivatives of the most common monosaccharides could be separated and reproducibly determined with high sensitivity. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.013 and 0.043 mg/mL, respectively. The intermediary precision values (expressed as the RSD) were less than 10%. The mean recovery of the method was 100 ± 3%, with RSD values of less than 5%. The results obtained from GC and HPLC methods were found to be close to each other within acceptable error ranges. Conclusion – This study demonstrated that the developed method could be applied as an accurate method for the compositional analysis of monosaccharides in the field of biological and biochemical study. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Production and partial characterization of a novel capsular polysaccharide KP-EPS produced by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Paenibacillus pabuli</Emphasis> strain ATSKP

The aerobic nitrogen fixing xylanolytic bacterium Paenibacillus pabuli strain ATSKP produces loosely attached capsular polysaccharide KP-EPS. On 0.5% birchwood xylan 70 ± 5.02 mg of KP-EPS was produced per gram dry weight of cells by the fourth day of growth in the absence of combined nitrogen source at 30°C. It was separated and purified using centrifugation, cold acetone precipitation and dialysis and is a sulfate containing heteropolymer as revealed by FT-IR spectrometry and elemental analysis. CHN analysis revealed the presence of 37.50% carbon, 5.90% hydrogen and 8.28% nitrogen in KP-EPS. Absence of phosphorus was confirmed by ³¹P NMR. ICP-OES analysis showed the presence of various metals in small concentrations. Specific binding with aniline blue suggested the presence of (1,3)-β-d-glucan. Thermal gravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetric analysis confirmed its thermal stability as high as 200°C. The EPS was not pseudo plastic and the viscosity was less than xanthan. The intrinsic viscosity did not reduce drastically when dissolved in 0.1 M NaCl.