microRNA-33-3p involved in selenium deficiency-induced apoptosis via targeting ADAM10 in the chicken kidney

Selenium (Se) deficiency induces typical clinical and pathological changes and causes various pathological responses at the molecular level in several different chicken organs; the kidney is one of the target organs of Se deficiency. To explore the mechanisms that underlie the effects of microRNA-33-3p (miR-33-3p) on Se deficiency-induced kidney apoptosis, 60 chickens were randomly divided into two groups (30 chickens per group). We found that Se deficiency increased the expression of miR-33-3p in the chicken kidney. A disintegrin and metalloprotease domain 10 (ADAM10) was verified to be a target of miR-33-3p in the chicken kidney. The overexpression of miR-33-3p decreased the expression levels of β-catenin, cyclinD1, T-cell factor (TCF), c-myc, survivin, and Bcl-2; it increased the expression levels of E-cadherin, Bak, Bax, and caspase-3; and it increased the number of chicken kidney cells in the G0/G1 phase. In addition, Se deficiency caused the ultrastructure of the kidney to develop apoptotic characteristics. The results of flow cytometry analysis and AO/EB staining showed that the number of apoptotic chicken kidney cells increased in the miR-33-3p mimic group. All these results suggest that Se deficiency-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in vivo and in vitro in the chicken kidney via the regulation of miR-33-3p, which targets ADAM10.     

Development and characterization of cell lines from heart, liver, spleen and head kidney of sea perch Lateolabrax japonicus

Five cell lines (LJHK, LJS, LJL, LJH-1 and LJH-2) were established from the head kidney, spleen, liver and heart of sea perch Lateolabrax japonicus . The cell lines LJHK, LJS, LJL, LJH-1 and LJH-2 were subcultured 46, 32, 32, 36 and 34 times in minimum essential medium (MEM) supplemented with foetal bovine serum (FBS), sea perch serum and 10 ng ml⁻¹ basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). Morphology of primary cultures and subcultures of the five cell lines were observed continuously by microscopy. The suitable temperature for growth was 18 to 30° C for all of these cell lines with the optimum growth at 24° C and a reduced growth rate <18° C. The optimum concentration of FBS was found to be 10% and addition of bFGF to the medium significantly increased the growth rate of the cells. The doubling time of LJS, LJH-1, LJL, LJH-2 and LJHK cells was determined to be 52·7, 54·9, 57, 58·7 and 66 h at a plating density of 1 × 10⁵ cells ml⁻¹ at 24° C, respectively. Chromosome analysis revealed that 42, 48, 38, 43 and 45% cells maintained normal diploid chromosome number (48) in the LJH-1, LJH-2, LJHK, LJL and LJS cell lines, respectively. The LJHK cells were successfully transfected with green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter plasmids and the expression of GFP gene in the cells indicated the possible utility of the cells in gene expression studies. Furthermore, treatment of the LJHK cells with lipopolysaccharide led to increased expression of IL-1β, demonstrating that LJHK cells might be a valuable tool for studying the expression and function of immunomodulatory gene in fishes.     

IL-2与猪细小病毒VP2基因双表达载体的构建及免疫原性的研究

将白细胞介素-2基因和猪细小病毒VP2基因主要抗原区克隆至pCI-neo真核表达载体中,构建了pCIneo-IL2-VP2重组质粒,用脂质体将其转染到PK-15细胞中,利用免疫荧光方法检测在体外表达情况。并以小鼠为动物模型,将pCIneo-IL2-VP2重组质粒、对照组pCI-neo和猪细小病毒活疫苗通过肌肉注射进行免疫,检测免疫小鼠的淋巴细胞转化功能,特异性CTL杀伤活性和血清抗体滴度。结果显示,pCIneo-IL2-VP2在体外能够诱导PK-15细胞表达VP2蛋白,小鼠注射pCIneo-IL2-VP2质粒1周后能够诱导机体产生抗体,4周时达到峰值,与活疫苗对照组产生的抗体滴度、诱导T淋巴细胞增殖和诱导强的细胞毒性基本一致。试验表明,构建的pCIneo-IL2-VP2能够有效诱导机体产生体液免疫和细胞免疫。     

CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞、IL-2与免疫耐受

近年来,越来越多的研究表明CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞在免疫耐受的过程中起着非常重要的作用。IL-2作为一种T细胞生长因子调控着调节性T细胞诱导免疫耐受的过程。IL-2维持着中枢及外周的调节性T细胞的活性,但是对胸腺调节性T细胞的发育是非必要的。同时,IL-2信号影响着调节性T细胞的功能并维持着其的竞争适应性。因此,CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞通过与IL-2之间形成的免疫网络调控着免疫耐受的过程,从而影响着机体的免疫平衡。     

类风湿关节炎与白细胞介素-18 的研究进展

类风湿关节炎发病机制不明,许多细胞因子参与了RA的发病机制。近年发现,白细胞介素-18可作用于RA发病的多个参与因素,成为研究RA的新热点。     

IL-6在胶质母细胞瘤的表达及作用机制研究

目的:探讨白介素6(IL-6)在胶质母细胞瘤(GBM)中的表达,并探讨其高表达的作用机制,以期阐明GBM发生发展潜在分子机制。方法:采用免疫组化检测表皮生长因子变体3 (EGFRv III)阳性和阴性GBM组织IL-6的相对表达。以恶性胶质瘤细胞U87MG为研究对象,构建表达EGFRv III的U87MG-EGFRvIII细胞,用IL-1β分别处理U87MG、U87MG-EGFRvIII细胞,ELISA检测IL-6分泌量。采用EGFR下游效应通路p38MAPK、MK2、MEK1/2、JNK抑制剂SB、sc-48、PD、SP预处理细胞1小时,IL-1β刺激细胞后,检测各组IL-6分泌量变化。将IL-1β处理后的U87MG-EGFRvIII细胞记为IL-1β组,以不做任何处理细胞记为Control组,用联合SB、sc-48处理的IL-1β细胞依次命名为IL-1β+SB和IL-1β+sc-48组,western blot检测p38MAPK-MK2通路蛋白和IL-6蛋白表达,qPCR检测IL-6 m RNA表达。结果:IL-6在EGFRv III阳性GBM组织中普遍高表达,在EGFRv III阴性GBM组织中普遍低表达。EGFRv III可在未受IL-1β刺激的恶性胶质瘤细胞中上调IL-6基础分泌,也可在IL-1β刺激情况下进一步促进IL-6分泌。在U87MG细胞中,所有通路抑制剂对IL-6分泌均无影响;在U87MG-EGFRvIII细胞中p38 MAPK-MK2通路抑制剂SB和sc-48明显抑制IL-1β诱导的IL-6分泌,而MEK1/2、JNK抑制剂PD和SP则无明显影响。IL-1β能够诱导p38MAPK-MK2通路激活,诱导细胞内IL-6表达增加,联合SB、sc-48处理细胞后,p38MAPK-MK2通路活性降低,细胞内IL-6表达降低。结论:癌基因EGFRv III能够上调恶性胶质瘤细胞中IL-6基础分泌,IL-1β可进一步刺激IL-6分泌,其机制可能与p38MAPK-MK2通路激活有关。     

舒芬太尼预处理对大鼠脊髓缺血再灌注损伤中炎性因子MPO，IL-6，IL-15的影响

目的:探讨舒芬太尼预处理对大鼠脊髓缺血再灌注损伤模型中炎性因子MPO,IL-6,IL-15的影响。方法:健康SD雄性大鼠30只,随机分为假手术组(Sham组,n=10);缺血再灌注组(IR组n=10);舒芬太尼预处理5μg/kg组(Suf5组,n=10)。采用动脉夹夹闭胸主动脉方法制备脊髓缺血再灌注模型。Tarlov法测大鼠运动评分,HE染色观察大鼠脊髓组织细胞形态,Western Blot法测脊髓组织中MPO的表达,ELISA法检测脊髓组织中IL-6,IL-15含量。结果:IR组Tarlov评分高于sham组,Suf5组Tarlov评分低于IR组。HE染色显微镜下见IR组脊髓组织内出现广泛的变性神经元,胞核固缩偏位碎裂,并有有空泡形成;Suf5组脊髓组织神经元损伤坏死数量减少,细胞核形态基本正常。Suf5组中MPO,IL-6,IL-15,含量均低于IR组,IR组中MPO,IL-6,IL-15含量均高于sham组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:舒芬太尼能降低大鼠脊髓缺血再灌注损伤组织中MPO,IL-15,1L-6表达,减轻炎症损害,进而减轻脊髓缺血再灌注损伤。     

Tuberculosis Exacerbates HIV-1 Infection through IL-10/STAT3-Dependent Tunneling Nanotube Formation in Macrophages

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Membrane fusogenic lysine type lipid assemblies possess enhanced NLRP3 inflammasome activation potency

Lysine (K) type cationic lipid with a propyl spacer and ditetradecyl hydrophobic moieties composing liposomes, K3C14, previously studied for gene delivery, were reported to activate the NLRP3 inflammasomes in human macrophages via the conventional phagolysosomal pathway. In this study, K3C16, a propyl spacer bearing lysine type lipids with dihexadecyl moieties (an extension of two hydrocarbon tail length) were compared with K3C14 as liposomes. Such a small change in tail length did not alter the physical properties such as size distribution, zeta potential and polydispersity index (PDI). The NLRP3 activation potency of K3C16 was shown to be 1.5-fold higher. Yet, the toxicity was minimal, whereas K3C14 has shown to cause significant cell death after 24 h incubation. Even in the presence of endocytosis inhibitors, cytochalasin D or dynasore, K3C16 continued to activate the NLRP3 inflammasomes and to induce IL-1β release. To our surprise, K3C16 liposomes were confirmed to fuse with the plasma membrane of human macrophages and CHO-K1 cells. It is demonstrated that the change in hydrophobic tail length by two hydrocarbons drastically changed a cellular entry route and potency in activating the NLRP3 inflammasomes.