计算机辅助设计修复先天性手部畸形的临床报告

目的:探讨计算机辅助设计修复先天性手部畸形的临床效果。方法:2015年2月到2019年4月选择在本院进行住院治疗的先天性手部畸形患者72例,根据随机数字表法分为研究组与对照组,各36例,对照组给予腹部带蒂复合组织瓣修复治疗,研究组在对照组修复的基础上给予基于3D打印技术的计算机辅助设计修复治疗,记录与报告两组预后。结果:所有患者都皮瓣修复成功,成功率为100.0%。研究组术后3个月的拇指侧偏、虎口挛缩、感染、血管危象等并发症发生率为5.6%,显著低于对照组的30.6%(P0.05)。研究组术后3个月的手部旋转功能优良率为97.2%,显著高于对照组的80.6%(P0.05)。研究组术后3个月的手部疼痛、功能活动和自我感受评分显著高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:基于3D打印技术的计算机辅助设计修复先天性手部畸形成功率高,能减少患者并发症的发生,提高患者的手部旋转功能优良率与手部综合功能。     

双极脉冲射频抑制神经根型颈椎病患者围手术期炎症因子释放的价值

目的:探讨双极脉冲射频抑制神经根型颈椎病患者围手术期炎症因子释放的价值。方法:2017年2月到2019年4月选择在本院进行诊治的74例神经根型颈椎病患者,根据随机数字表法分为观察组与对照组各37例。对照组给予神经根阻滞注射治疗,观察组给予颈椎神经根双极脉冲射频治疗,观察两组术后14 d的疗效及并发症发生情况,比较两组手术前后的日本骨科协会(JOA)评分和白介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平。结果:术后14 d观察组的总有效率为97.30%,高于对照组的81.08%(P0.05)。两组术后14 d的JOA评分均显著高于术前1d(P0.05);与对照组相比,观察组术后14 d的JOA评分较高(P0.05)。观察组术后14 d的感觉减退、出血、感染、神经损伤并发症总发生率为5.40%,低于对照组的27.04%(P0.05)。两组术后14 d的血清IL-6和TNF-α水平均显著低于术前1 d(P0.05);与对照组相比,观察组术后14 d的炎症因子水平均较低(P0.05)。结论:双极脉冲射频能抑制神经根型颈椎病患者围手术期的炎症因子释放,从而改善患者的颈椎功能,减少并发症的发生,提高治疗疗效。     

Serum netrin and VCAM-1 as biomarker for Egyptian patients with type IΙ diabetes mellitus

ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the serum level of netrin and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-I) in patients with type IΙ diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and evaluate the association of their levels with the development of a diabetic complication.Patients and methodsThis study was carried out on type II diabetic patients with and without complications and healthy individuals served as controls. All subjects were submitted to the estimation of serum lipid profile, serum creatinine, urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR), fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), visceral adiposity index (VAI), atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), lipid accumulation product (LAP) and detection of serum level of netrin1 and VCAM1.ResultsDiabetic patients with complications had significantly higher serum levels of creatinine, ACR, cholesterol, Triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein, netrin1, and VCAM1 than diabetic patients without complications. Likewise, the level of VAI and LAP as markers of excessive body fat were significantly higher in diabetic patients with complications than diabetic patients without complications. The netrin1 and VCAM1 were a significant discriminator of T2DM renal complications with a sensitivity of 96%, 90%, and specificity of 82.7%, 91.3% respectively.ConclusionIt can be concluded that serum netrin1 and VCAM1 correlated significantly with markers of excessive body fat, a renal complication in the patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus.     

不同动脉途径行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗高龄冠心病的临床疗效观察

目的:探讨不同动脉途径行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗高龄冠心病的临床疗效和安全性。方法:选取2014年1月～2017年1月我院收治的265例高龄冠心病患者为研究对象,根据就诊顺序将受试者分为对照组132例及研究组133例,对照组患者给予股动脉途径(TFI)行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗,研究组患者给予桡动脉途径(TRI)行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗,比较两组患者的手术情况、手术前后各心功能指标变化、心血管不良事件及并发症的发生情况。结果:两组患者的手术成功率、支架数量、造影剂用量比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),但研究组患者动脉穿刺时间、导管插入时间及X线曝光时间均长于对照组,卧床时间及住院时间均明显短于对照组(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者的左心射血分数(LVEF)、左室收缩末期内径(LVESD)及左室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)较治疗前均明显改善,且研究组优于对照组(P0.05),研究组患者心血管不良事件发生率及各并发症发生率均显著低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:TRI与TFI在经皮冠状动脉介入术治疗高龄冠心病患者的手术效果相当,但TRI在改善患者心功能、减少心血管不良事件的效果更好且安全性更高,可做为高龄冠心病患者PCI治疗的首选途径。     

经胰管预切开与双导丝技术在困难胆管插管中的插管效果及安全性对比

目的:比较经胰管预切开与双导丝技术在困难胆管插管中的插管效果及安全性。方法:收集我院2017年1月～2018年12月收治的60例经内镜逆行性胰胆管造影术、反复进入胰管的困难胆管插管患者,将患者按照入院先后顺序分为观察组和对照组,每组30例。两组患者分别经胰管预切开及双导丝技术辅助插管,对两组患者插管时间、插管成功率以及并发症的发生情况进行综合评价。结果:观察组患者插管时间短于对照组(P0.05),插管成功率为96.7%,显著高于对照组(73.3%,P0.05)。观察组和对照组患者并发症的发生率分别为10.0%、13.3%,组间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:对困难胆管插管患者,采用经胰管预切开的方式辅助插管操作简单,插管时间短,成功率高,且不增加并发症发生率。     

曲安奈德玻璃体注射治疗黄斑水肿的安全性长期随访分析

目的:观察2 mg、4 mg曲安奈德玻璃体注射治疗黄斑水肿的长期安全性。方法:将54例黄斑水肿患者分别采用2 mg和4mg不同剂量的曲安奈德玻璃体内注射,随访2年,观察眼压、晶状体、眼内炎症、视网膜、玻璃体等并发症。结果:两种剂量曲安奈德玻璃体内注射均可产生高眼压、白内障、非感染性眼内炎症;4 mg组白内障发生率明显高于2 mg组,其余并发症未见明显差异;两组患者均未出现严重、不可逆并发症。结论:2 mg和4 mg曲安奈德玻璃体注射治疗黄斑水肿均较安全,4 mg剂量更容易发生白内障,两种计量均需长期随访。     

面颈部吸脂结合脂肪移植在瘢痕整形中的临床应用观察

目的:探讨与观察面颈部吸脂结合脂肪移植在瘢痕整形中的临床应用效果。方法:采用回顾性研究方法,选择2017年8月到2020年6月在本院诊治的面颈部瘢痕患者78例作为研究对象,根据随机信封抽签原则把患者分为联合组与对照组各39例。对照组给予面颈部吸脂治疗,联合组给予面颈部吸脂结合脂肪移植治疗,治疗观察3个月。结果:联合组治疗后瘢痕部位的疼痛分级与对照组对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组治疗后的美容权重评分与瘢痕基底深度都低于治疗前(P<0.05),联合组低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后联合组的总有效率为97.4%,高于对照组的82.1%(P<0.05)。联合组治疗期间的感染、栓塞、出血、神经损害等并发症发生率为5.1%,低于对照组的28.2%(P<0.05)。结论:面颈部吸脂结合脂肪移植在瘢痕整形中的临床应用并不会增加患者的疼痛,还能降低瘢痕基底深度与减少并发症的发生,提高患者的美容度与总体治疗效果。     

血管与导管选择对PICC置管引发并发症的影响

目的:通过比较PICC置管的血管与导管选择,探讨其对并发症发生率的影响。方法:2005年10月至2006年7月共336例恶性肿瘤病人应用B/BRAUN单腔导管,"可分裂"穿刺针355型173例,257型163例分别选择头静脉、贵要静脉、颈外静脉进行观察。结果:头静脉病人>50%出现并发症,其中30%出现中途拔管;贵要静脉<10%出现并发症,90%完成治疗计划;颈外静脉2例因固定不妥导致导管脱出。结论:在非高速度滴注的情况下,尽量选用小管径的导管;对血管的选择应当首选责要静脉,优选右侧,穿刺点最好过肘关节,其次选择颈外静脉优选右侧;选择PICC置管操作应慎重,操作之前做好详细的评估。     

Bleeding complications after pacemaker or cardioverter-defibrillator implantation in patients receiving dual antiplatelet therapy

Introduction. The aim of the study was to define the prevalence of bleeding events in patients treated with dual antiplatelet therapy (DAT) in comparison with patients receiving only acetylsalicylic acid (ASA). Methods. Prospective two-centre registry of all first implantations of pacemakers, cardioverter-defibrillators and cardiac resynchronisation therapy units in patients receiving ASA (n=194) or DAT (n=53). Results. Bleeding complications were detected in 27 (16.2%) patients in the ASA group and in 13 (24.5%) in the DAT group. There was no significant difference in the overall number of complications between the patients receiving ASA or DAT, although there was a trend towards a higher incidence of overall complication rates in the DAT group (p=0.0637). The incidence of major complications (requiring blood transfusion or surgical intervention or prolonging hospital stay) was low (3.6%), and similar in both groups (3.6 and 3.8% respectively, ns). The rate of minor complications (subcutaneous haematomas) was greater in the DAT group (p=0.015). Conclusions. Treatment with DAT does not increase the risk of major bleeding complications as a result of device implantation; however, minor complications are significantly more frequent. Our results suggest that DAT could be continued in patients undergoing device implantation with a moderate risk of bleeding complications. (Neth Heart J 2010;18:230-5.)     

Patients with aortic stenosis referred for TAVI: treatment decision, in-hospital outcome and determinants of survival

Aims

To assess treatment decision and outcome in patients referred for transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) in addition to predictive factors of mortality after TAVI.

Methods

Three-centre prospective observational study including 358 patients. Endpoints were defined according to the Valve Academic Research Consortium.

Results

Of the 358 patients referred for TAVI, TAVI was performed in 235 patients (65%), surgical aortic valve replacement (AVR) in 24 (7%) and medical therapy (MT) in 99 (28%). Reasons to decline TAVI in favour of AVR/MT were patient preference (29%), peripheral vascular disease (15%) and non-severe aortic stenosis (11%). The logistic EuroSCORE was significantly higher in patients who underwent TAVI and MT in comparison with those undergoing AVR (19 vs. 10%, p = 0.007). At 30 days, all-cause mortality and the combined safety endpoint were 9 and 24% after TAVI and 8 and 25% after AVR, respectively. All-cause mortality was significantly lower in the TAVI group compared with the MT group at 6 months, 1 year and 2 years (12% vs. 22%, 21% vs. 33% and 31% vs. 55%, respectively, p < 0.001). Multivariable analysis revealed that blood transfusion (HR: 1.19; 95% CI: 1.05–1.33), pre-existing renal failure (HR: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.06–1.33) and STS score (HR: 1.06; 95% CI: 1.02–1.10) were independent predictors of mortality at a median of 10 (IQR: 3–23) months after TAVI.

Conclusions

Approximately two-thirds of the patients referred for TAVI receive this treatment with gratifying short- and long-term survival. Another 7% underwent AVR. Prognosis is poor in patients who do not receive valve replacement therapy.