影响籼稻花药培养诱导率的因素及基因型的作用研究

本文研究了影响籼稻花药培养诱导率的9种重要因素的作用。供试品种和杂种共70余种。结果发现,不同基因型的培养力存在很大差异,这种差异表现在对各种因素上,如基本培养基成分、激素的种类与配比、对低温预处理的时间等等不同反应上。低温预处理是提高籼稻出愈率的有效措施,但由于不同基因型小孢子对低温的耐受力不同,所需的适合预处理时间也就不同。花药接种后先在30℃下培养3天后,再转入26℃下培养,较直接培养在26℃下可大幅度提高花粉檀株的产量。诱导培养基中补加脯氨酸、马铃薯提取液对提高出愈率和绿苗分化率有明显效果。     

RFLP mapping of major and minor genes for important agronomic characters in rice

A molecular genetic map with 233 RFLP markers which covered about 2070 cM of rice genome was constructed based on a doubled haploid (DH) population derived from anther culture of a cross between an indica variety Gui630 and a japonica variety 02428. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for agronomic characters such as number of panides, heading date, plant height, number of spikelets, number of grains, fertility and 1 000-grain weight were analyzed using interval mapping approach. 8 major genes and 29 minor genes were identified associating with these traits. The results also indicated that great phenotypic difference between parents was profitable in detection of major genes.     

水稻籼粳杂交胚囊败育的遗传分析和基因定位

利用DH系构建的分子图谱及DH系衍生的2个回交群体定位了引起籼粳杂种胚囊败育的2个互补的主效基因esa-1(E1或e1位点)和esa-2(E2或e2位点),它们分别位于第6和第12染色体.在不育基因位点,籼稻基因型为E1E1e2e2,粳稻基因型为e1e1E2E2,杂交后代中基因型为E1E2,E1e2,e1E2的雌配子体正常发育,携带e1e2基因型的雌配子体表现败育.胚囊育性受配子体基因型控制,孢子体遗传背景影响胚囊败育基因的表达.     

Genetic analysis of morphological index and its related taxonomic traits for classification of indica/japonica rice

A doubled haploid population derived from anther culture of ZYQ8/JX17 F1, a typical indica and japonica hybrid, was used in this study. Morphological index and its related taxonomic traits were investigated in 121 DH lines. The quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for morphological index and its related taxonomic traits were analyzed. Two major QTLs for leaf hairiness, three QTLs for length/width of grain, one QTL for color of hull when heading, one QTL for hairiness of hull, two QTLs for length of the first and second panicle internode, and one major QTL and two QTLs for phenol reaction were detected. Four QTLs for morphological index were also identified on chromosomes 1, 3, 4 and 6, respectively, three of which on chromosomes 1, 3 and 6, respectively, were found to be located in the same chromosome regions where some QTLs for the related taxonomic traits were located.     

水稻、小麦花粉单倍体的研究及利用

综合近年来我国对于由花药培养所获得的大量水稻、小麦花粉植株的遗传学及细胞学研究,可明确以下几个问题: 1.花粉植株的倍数性:粳稻、籼稻及小麦花粉植株的倍数性表现各有特点,粳稻中二倍体占一半以上,籼稻则约有一半为多倍体及异数体,而小麦则大部分为单倍体,二倍体只占百分之几到二十几。三种植物的花粉植株中都有相当数量的异数体及倍数嵌合体。     

重组人胰高血糖素样肽-1类似物的分离纯化和鉴定

将合成的人胰高血糖素样肽-1类似物基因插入到原核表达质粒pGEX-4T-3中,构建成rhGLP-1类似物与谷胱甘肽巯基转移酶（glutathione-S-transferases,GST）的融合表达载体pGEX-rhGLP-1类似物,转化大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）获得重组菌株。IPTG诱导表达的菌体经高压均质机破碎后,离心收集包涵体,经尿素变性、Glutathione-Sepharose 4B亲和层析、肠激酶酶切、SP-Sepharose FF层析和反相层析RP-C18脱盐后冻干,得到纯度大于96%的rhGLP-1类似物,经质谱测定,分子量与理论值一致。生物学活性分析表明,rhGLP-1类似物具有促进表达有GLP-1受体的HEK293细胞cAMP增加的活性。     

生淀粉酶生产菌株Paenibacillus sp.的筛选和酶的纯化及酶学性质

分离得到1株产生淀粉酶的菌株,通过扩增和测定16S rDNA序列并进行比对,发现是Paenibacillus属的细菌。液体摇瓶发酵结束后,其产生的生淀粉酶比酶活达108.5U/mL。通过饱和(NH4)2SO4沉淀、Sephacryl S-300层析的方法对其所产的生淀粉酶进行分离纯化,得到纯化的酶蛋白比酶活为5112.04U/mg,纯化倍数为14.1,相对分子质量约为1.0×105。该酶以木薯生淀粉为底物时,最适pH5.6,最适温度50℃。金属离子Ca2+、Mg2+对该酶具有激活作用,Zn2+、Cu2+、Fe2+、Ni2+、Mn2+、Co2+和EDTA2-对该酶均具有抑制作用。     

酿酒酵母脂肪酶基因TGL3的克隆及其在毕赤酵母中的高效表达

目的：克隆Saccharomy cescerevisiae脂肪酶基因,并实现其在Pichia pastoris中高效表达。方法：根据NCBIGenBank中已公布的Saccharomyces cerevisiae脂肪酶基因TGL3设计引物,以Saccharomyces cerevisiae总DNA为模板,PCR扩增目的片段,构建重组子pPIC9K-TGL3,转化到Pichia pastoris GS115。结果：扩增得到1929bp的基因片段,与GenBank中公布的序列氨基酸同源性达99.7%,编码的643个氨基酸中有脂肪酶的保守序列GXSXG,位于235～239位。重组子摇瓶发酵120h发酵液上清脂肪酶酶活达到60U/mL,酶学性质研究表明：该酶的最适作用温度为40℃,在25℃～40℃之间能保持60%以上酶活力。最适pH值为8.5,在pH6.5～9.0之间能保持50%以上的酶活力。除Al3＋和Fe2＋外,该酶不受Ca2＋、Mg2＋、Zn2＋、Cu2＋、Mn2＋、Ni＋、Sr2＋等多种金属离子的影响。结论：发酵液上清脂肪酶酶活达到60U/mL,是原菌株的10倍,成功实现了该基因的高效表达。     

两株高糖分利用能力的酿酒酵母呼吸突变体选育

以酿酒酵母乙醇发酵高产工业菌株MF1002为始发菌株,对其营养细胞进紫外线诱变,筛选得到两株性状稳定的呼吸缺陷型突变体MF15c和MF11a。菌体细胞对2,3,5-氯化三苯四氮唑(TTC)显色测定呼吸强度的结果表明,两突变菌株的相对呼吸强度分别只有始发菌株的57.77%和47.25%。与现有报道的呼吸缺陷突变体不同,两株突变体的细胞生长速率只在培养初期略低于始发菌株,总体生长速率与始发菌株几乎没有差异,在YPD平板上培养也不形成小菌落。比较蔗糖发酵试验表明,两株突变体的乙醇产量较始发菌株只分别略提高6.48%-6.59%(MF15c)和1.66%-1.97%(MF11a),但发酵终止的残总糖含量却显著低于始发菌株,分别减少34.85%和19.70%,发酵效率较始发菌株分别显著提高6.69%和4.71%,表明这两株突变体为新型的呼吸缺陷型突变。鉴于提高乙醇发酵的发酵效率可显著降低生产成本,认为这两株突变菌株具有较高的潜在工业利用价值。     

铜绿假单胞菌β-内酰胺类药物耐药相关基因(12种)研究

目的了解临床分离的铜绿假单胞菌β-内酰胺类药物耐药相关基因（12种）存在状况。方法自临床分离40株对铜绿假单胞菌。采用聚合酶链反应（PCR）检测耐药基因（TEM、SHV、OXA-10群、CTX-M-1群、PER、VEB、GES、CARB、IMP、VIM、DHA和oprD2）。结果40株中CARB阳性18株（45．0％）、35株oprD2基因缺失（87．5％）．其余基因均阴性。结论临床分离的铜绿假单胞菌CARB基因携带率高。