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71.
为了解太空诱变玉米核不育突变体矮化的遗传规律和原因,该研究以不育突变体为母本,自交系178、478为父本,对测交 F1、F2群体进行育性鉴定和株高分析,对 F2可育株进行基因型和株高分析,对姊妹交后代分离群体进行育性鉴定和株高、雄穗长度、节间数、节间长度分析,同时,还对姊妹交后代分离群体进行施赤霉素处理,调查育性和株高的变化。结果表明:178和478背景下的 F1表现出与测交母本一样的极显著差异;在178和478核背景下的 F2中,不育株株高极显著矮于可育株,两核背景下的不育株间株高差异不显著,而可育株间株高差异极显著;F2中纯合和杂合可育株的株高差异不显著;姊妹交后代分离群体中不育株株高、雄穗长度、节间数和节间长度极显著小于可育株;外施赤霉素的不育株在苗期表现出对赤霉素一定的敏感性,但株高最终未恢复正常高度。因此,得出该突变体矮化表现稳定,与不育性状并存,且不受细胞核背景的影响;核不育基因对植株株高的矮化无剂量效应;突变体的矮化与雄穗长度、节间数和节间长度有关;突变体不完全属于赤霉素不敏感型,其矮化并不是单一缺乏赤霉素而引起。该研究结果为认识太空诱变玉米核不育突变体矮化的遗传和生理机制提供了参考。 相似文献
72.
Blastocysts derivation from somatic cell fusion with premature oocytes (prematuration somatic cell fusion) 下载免费PDF全文
Islam M. Saadeldin Candrani Khoirinaya Su Jin Kim Joon Ho Moon Essam Almadaly Byeong Chun Lee 《Development, growth & differentiation》2016,58(2):157-166
This study was undertaken to investigate the development of immature oocytes after their fusion with male somatic cells expressing red fluorescence protein (RFP). RFP‐expressing cells were fused with immature oocytes, matured in vitro and then parthenogenetically activated. Somatic nuclei showed spindle formation, 1st polar body extrusion after in vitro maturation and protruded the 2nd polar body after parthenogenetic activation. RFP was expressed in the resultant embryos; two‐cell stage and blastocysts. Chromosomal analysis showed aneuploidy in 81.82% of the resulting blastocysts while 18.18% of the resulting blastocysts were diploid. Among eight RFP‐expressing blastocysts, Xist mRNAs was detected in six while Sry mRNA was detected in only one blastocyst. We propose “prematuration somatic cell fusion” as an approach to generate embryos using somatic cells instead of spermatozoa. The current approach, if improved, would assist production of embryos for couples where the male partner is sterile, however, genetic and chromosomal analysis of the resultant embryos are required before transfer to the mothers. 相似文献
73.
Miao Liu Yanfei Ru Yihua Gu Jianan Tang Tiancheng Zhang Jun Wu Fudong Yu Yao Yuan Chen Xu Jian Wang Huijuan Shi 《Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/General Subjects》2018,1862(3):660-668
Background
We previously cloned the Ssp411 gene. We found that the Ssp411 protein is predominantly expressed in elongated spermatids in the rat testis in a stage-dependent manner. Although our findings strongly suggested that Ssp411 might play an important role in mammalian spermatogenesis, this hypothesis has not been studied.Methods
We first used real-time PCR, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry to confirm that the expression pattern of Ssp411 in several murine tissues is similar to its expression pattern in corresponding rat tissues. To better understand the roles of Ssp411 in male reproduction in vivo, we identified and characterized an Ssp411 expression-disrupted murine strain (Ssp411PB/PB) that was generated by piggyBac (PB) transposon insertion. We studied Ssp411-interacting proteins using proteome microarray, co-IP and GST pull-down assay.Results
Both Ssp411 mRNA and protein were detected exclusively in spermatids after step 9 during spermiogenesis in testis. Phenotypic analysis suggested that only Ssp411PB/PB males are sterile. These males have smaller testes, reduced sperm counts, decreased sperm motility and deformed spermatozoa. Microscopy analysis indicated that the manchette, a structurally reshaped sperm head, is aberrant in Ssp411PB/PB spermatids. The results of proteome microarray analysis and GST pull-down assays suggested that Ssp411 participates the ubiquitin-proteasome system by interacting with PSMC3. This has been reported to be manchette-associated and important for the head shaping of spermatids.Conclusions
Our study suggested that Ssp411 is required for spermiogenesis. It seems to play a role in sperm head shaping. The lack of Ssp411 causes sperm deformation and results in male infertility.General significance
Ssp411PB/PB mouse strain is an animal model of idiopathic oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (iOAT), and the gene may represent a therapeutic target for iOAT patients. 相似文献74.
Frank Koentgen Jiangwei Lin Markella Katidou Isabelle Chang Mona Khan Jacqui Watts Peter Mombaerts 《Genesis (New York, N.Y. : 2000)》2016,54(6):326-333
Gene targeting in embryonic stem (ES) cells remains best practice for introducing complex mutations into the mouse germline. One aspect in this multistep process that has not been streamlined with regard to the logistics and ethics of mouse breeding is the efficiency of germline transmission: the transmission of the ES cell‐derived genome through the germline of chimeras to their offspring. A method whereby male chimeras transmit exclusively the genome of the injected ES cells to their offspring has been developed. The new technology, referred to as goGermline, entails injecting ES cells into blastocysts produced by superovulated homozygous Tsc22d3 floxed females mated with homozygous ROSA26‐Cre males. This cross produces males that are sterile due to a complete cell‐autonomous defect in spermatogenesis. The resulting male chimeras can be sterile but when fertile, they transmit the ES cell‐derived genome to 100% of their offspring. The method was validated extensively and in two laboratories for gene‐targeted ES clones that were derived from the commonly used parental ES cell lines Bruce4, E14, and JM8A3. The complete elimination of the collateral birth of undesired, non‐ES cell‐derived offspring in goGermline technology fulfills the reduction imperative of the 3R principle of humane experimental technique with animals. genesis 54:326–333, 2016. © 2016 The Authors. Genesis Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
75.
Acceptability and suitability of Tuta absoluta eggs from irradiated parents to parasitism by Trichogramma nerudai and Trichogramma pretiosum (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) 下载免费PDF全文
Cynthia L. Cagnotti Carmen M. Hernández Andrea V. Andormo Mariana Viscarret María Riquelme Eduardo N. Botto Silvia N. López 《Agricultural and Forest Entomology》2016,18(3):198-205
- 相似文献
76.
小麦光温敏雄性不育系BNS育性转换与内源激素的关系研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
BNS是一种光温敏型小麦不育新类型,具有不育彻底、育性转换稳定等特性,对小麦杂种优势研究有重要价值。为研究内源激素在BNS育性调控中的作用,以秋播与春播BNS花粉发育的四分体期至三核期4个关键时期幼穗为实验材料,采用间接酶联免疫(ELISA)法分别测定了BNS不育和可育幼穗中生长素(IAA)、脱落酸(ABA)、赤霉素(GA3)和玉米素核苷(ZR)4种内源激素的含量变化。结果显示:(1)BNS在陕西关中地区正常秋播雄性不育、早春播雄性育性正常。(2)单核期和三核期是BNS温度敏感期,单核期均温高于15.35℃、三核期均温高于18.64℃时,BNS育性发生转换,雄性不育度随温度升高逐渐降低。(3)BNS在敏感期响应外界温度,4种内源激素的含量发生显著变化,调控育性表达;单核期不育幼穗中IAA、GA3和ZR含量比可育幼穗低21.9%、33.6%和30.2%,ABA含量反而增加23.4%;三核期不育幼穗ABA和ZR含量分别比可育幼穗高59.7%和31.4%,GA3则低44.0%。(4)与雄性可育幼穗相比,BNS雄性不育幼穗在单核期的IAA/GA3、ABA/GA3值偏高;二核期IAA/ABA值较低;三核期的IAA/GA3、ABA/GA3值较高,IAA/ABA值偏低。3个时期的IAA、ABA和GA3比例失调,阻碍了小孢子正常发育,导致BNS雄性败育。研究认为:BNS在花粉发育的单核期和三核期对外界温度变化敏感,通过内源激素代谢调控自身育性转换。 相似文献
77.
Jing-Hua Yang Ming-Fang Zhang Jing-Quan Yu 《植物学报(英文版)》2007,49(5):672-677
RNA editing for the mitochondrlal ATP9 gene of encoding regions has been observed in both cytoplasmic malesterile and maintainer lines of stem mustard, where its editing capacity varied spatially and temporally in the cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) line. There were four RNA editing sites for the mitochondrial ATP9 gene according to Its normal editing sites in mustard, of which three sites occurred as C-to-U changes and one as a U-to-C change. As a result, the hydrophobicity of deduced ATP9 protein was reduced due to the conversions at its 17th, 45th and 64th positions. Meanwhile, the conservation of deduced ATP9 protein was enhanced by changes at the 56th position. Loss of a specific editing site for ATP9 was observed in juvenile roots, senile roots, senile leaves and floret buds of the CMS line. Comparatively, complete RNA editing for ATP9 gene was retained in juvenile roots, juvenile leaves and floret buds of its maintainer line; however, the loss of a specific editing site for ATP9 gene occurred at senile roots and senile leaves in its maintainer line. These observations allow us to produce a hypothesis that the dysfunction of a specific mitochondrial gene arising from RNA editing could probably be a factor triggering CMS and organ senescence through unknown cross-talk pathways during development. 相似文献
78.
79.
Fine mapping of S32(t), a new gene causing hybrid embryo sac sterility in a Chinese landrace rice (Oryza sativa L.) 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Li D Chen L Jiang L Zhu S Zhao Z Liu S Su N Zhai H Ikehashi H Wan J 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2007,114(3):515-524
Ketan Nangka, the donor of wide compatibility genes, showed sterility when crossed to Tuanguzao, a landrace rice from Yunnan
province, China. Genetic and cytological analyses revealed that the semi-sterility was primarily caused by partial abortion
of the embryo sac. Genome-wide analysis of the linkage map constructed from the backcross population of Tuanguzao/Ketan Nangka//Ketan
Nangka identified two independent loci responsible for the hybrid sterility located on chromosomes 2 and 5, which explained
18.6 and 20.1% of phenotypic variance, respectively. The gene on chromosome 5 mapped to the previously reported sterility
gene S31(t), while the gene on chromosome 2, a new hybrid sterility gene, was tentatively designated as S32(t). The BC1F2 was developed for further confirmation and fine mapping of S32(t). The gene S32(t) was precisely mapped to the same region as that detected in the BC1F1 but its position was narrowed down to an interval of about 1.9 cM between markers RM236 and RM12475. By assaying the recombinant
events in the BC1F2, S32(t) was further narrowed down to a 64 kb region on the same PAC clone. Sequence analysis of this fragment revealed seven predicted
open reading frames, four of which encoded known proteins and three encoded putative proteins. Further analyses showed that
wide-compatibility variety Dular had neutral alleles at loci S31(t) and S32(t) that can overcome the sterilities caused by these two genes. These results are useful for map-based cloning of S32(t) and for marker-assisted transferring of the neutral allele in hybrid rice breeding. 相似文献
80.
Rice with LD-type cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) possesses the cytoplasm of ‘Lead Rice’ and its fertility is recovered by
a nuclear fertility restorer gene Rf1. Rf1 promotes processing of a CMS-associated mitochondrial RNA of atp6–orf79, which consists of atp6 and orf79, in BT-CMS with the cytoplasm of ‘Chinsurah Boro II’. In this study, we found that LD-cytoplasm contained a sequence variant
of orf79 downstream of atp6. Northern blot analysis showed that atp6–orf79 RNA of LD-cytoplasm was co-transcribed and was processed in the presence of Rf1 in the same manner as in BT-cytoplasm. Western blot analysis showed that the ORF79 peptide did not accumulate in an LD-CMS
line, while ORF79 accumulated in a BT-CMS line and was diminished by Rf1. These results suggest that accumulation of ORF79 is not the cause of CMS in LD-cytoplasm and the mechanism of male-sterility
induction/fertility restoration in LD-CMS is different from that in BT-CMS. 相似文献