黄喉拟水龟转铁蛋白重组表达及抗菌活性分析

转铁蛋白具有多种生物学功能,不仅参与铁的转运,而且具有抗菌、免疫调节等功能。对黄喉拟水龟转铁蛋白(Mauremys mutica transferrin,MaTf)原核表达、重组蛋白纯化、抗菌活性检测及MaTf在蛋白水平的表达特征进行了分析研究。通过用RT-PCR技术扩增MaTf的编码序列,克隆至载体pET-32 a(+);转化BL21(DE3),构建了其原核表达载体;优化表达条件(30℃,4h,0.8 mmol/L IPTG),使MaTf融合蛋白在BL21中高效表达;采用His Bind柱亲和层析与浓缩的方法纯化目的蛋白,Western blot证实获得纯度较高的MaTf重组蛋白;抑菌试验表明,MaTf重组蛋白对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和黏质沙雷氏菌均有明显的抑菌作用;用MaTf重组蛋白制备多克隆抗血清,Western blot免疫印记法分析转铁蛋白在体内的表达特征,结果显示其在肝脏、脾脏、肾脏、心脏4个组织中的表达量为:肝脏>脾脏>肾脏>心脏,与MaTf在RNA水平上的表达特征具有相似性。研究为探索转铁蛋白在黄喉拟水龟非特异性免疫反应中的作用提供了重要信息。     

Dissolved solids do not induce diapause in the calanoid copepod Aglaodiaptomus leptopus

The effect of different total dissolved solid levels (TDS) was investigated as a predictor of diapause induction in the calanoid copepod Aglaodiaptomus leptopus. We collected adult copepods in the field and monitored seasonal changes in diapause egg production. We determined total dissolved solid levels, conductivity and temperature values from five ponds. In experimental work, females bearing clutches, collected from the field, were monitored under laboratory conditions to determine the extent of diapause induced. Females without clutches were placed with males and then subjected to low, medium and high TDS levels. After six days, females bearing clutches were isolated to determine the proportion of clutches that were diapausing. The relationship between TDS and food levels was calculated using Williamson and Butlers food limitation index (f). We concluded that neither TDS nor temperature are predictors of the induction of diapause in this study. The obtained results suggest, however, that density possibly plays a role in predicting diapause induction.     

池沼公鱼移殖放流试验研究

作者于1984—1986年进行了池沼公鱼移殖放流试验研究,移入水库的池沼公鱼已能自然产卵繁殖,形成了经济群体。本文论及了移殖放流的理论依据、移殖放流技术、移殖放流效果、移殖池沼公鱼的生态效益的分析和池沼公鱼的资源管理。     

综合生物塘中的藻类研究Ⅰ

本文报告了综合生物塘系统(SBP System)中有关藻类的部分研究结果。湖北省黄州市的城镇综合污水对藻类未显示毒性,且有刺激生长作用,但高浓度的污水可诱化出极少数畸形细胞,表明污水中可能存在诱变活性。进水的藻类生长潜力很高,和人工对照培养基相当。藻菌塘的光合生产与水温关系密切,低和高水温条件下的水柱生产率分别为1.8—4.1gO_2/m~2·d和7—10gO_2/m~2·d。水柱代谢的层化现象明显。藻类生物量(鲜重,mg/L)和 COD(mg/L)之比值为1:0.21±0.02。     

池塘饲养鱼类优化结构及其增产原理——Ⅱ.池塘主养鱼类合理群落结构及其能量转换效率

池塘对比试验(1987—1989)和室内补充试验结果证明了“一草养三鲢”的常规混养法不能充分发挥高产池中草鱼和鲢鳙鱼种间的协调互利作用,使池塘能量转换效率偏低,这主要由于鲢鳙鱼密度太大,饵料不足,需经常过量施肥,易造成水质恶化,诱使草鱼体弱多病诱致。依草鱼摄食后所排粪量的供饵能力和作用于滤食性鱼的主要能流途径,将草鱼与滤食性鱼种放养重量调整为1.5—2.5:1,以青料为主,适当配喂颗粒饲料,其主体鱼的种群生长率、池塘能量转换效率均明显高于常规饲养法。池塘内不增施外源肥料,青、精饲料输入量保持与草鱼生物学特性相适应的情况下,每生产单位重量的草鱼,可带动生产40—80％重量的鲢鳙。     

Nutrient dynamics in a floating mat and pond system with special reference to its vegetation

Chemical properties of waters and their seasonal changes were studied in Mizorogaike Pond, a system of pond and floating mat. The following six sites including contrasting habitats and water conditions were monitored to assess nutrient dynamics in the system: 1) a pool on the mat, 2) margin of aSphagnum cuspidatum community, 3) an artificial ‘well’ (water layer beneath the floating mat), 4) aMenyanthes trifoliata community in a hollow, and 5) & 6) two sites in the open water. On the floating mat, the water around theSphagnum community had lower pH values, while that in theM. trifoliata community had higher pH values. This difference was related to the influence of flood water, the extent of which was determined by the microtopography. Seasonal changes in water chemistry on the mat suggested that pond water flooding the mat in late autumn and winter is important for the nutrient supply to the mat surface vegetation in this system. Water chemistry of the ‘well’ suggested that the diffusion of inorganic nitrogen occurs from beneath the peat layer. Two types of cluster analysis based on the mean values for chemical variables and the patterns of fluctuation in these variables were performed. The six sites were classified into similar groups which were identified by water type (pool, hollow, well and open water) by both types of analysis. The results showed that a common kind of perturbation should operate in determining the status of nutrient dynamics in the various water types.     

Growth related to behaviour of ayu,Plecoglossus altivelis,reared under low density

1. Three groups of ayu, each populated by 6 fish, were reared in three concrete ponds of same size (1×4×0.3 m). Growth of all individuals was measured on total length, and behaviour of all individuals marked by vinyl ribbon was observed at some intervals during the experiment of about 40 days in August and September, 1960.
2. Averaged growth of fish did not vary significantly among the groups. But the growth of individual whether in the size attained or its rate varied considerably, and the variation well corresponded to the social construction in which they participted.
3. Within each group, individual behaviour which was well expressed in the strength of chasing action (competition) and territory formation correlated positively to the growth of fish. The correlation as such is believed to exist not only in ayu but also in many other species of fish possessing competitive or territorial behaviour.
4. The different social structures formulated by the three groups of fish under low population density may not be adequately explained at this moment leaving further studies to be carried out.
5. It was assumed that the ayu population of low density as experimented here has not presented natural social structure of the species, thus, resulted diversity. Nonetheless, the experiment is believed to approve the writer's concept-density dependent growth of fish will be resulted through the medium of differential behaviour of associated member.

     

综合养鱼高产池塘的溶氧变化周期

根据1979—1984年对主养鲢、鳙、非鲫,主养青、草鱼,主养青鱼3种养殖结构类型高产鱼池溶氧变化周期的系统研究,揭示了高产养鱼池塘溶氧的昼夜、垂直、水平变化及季节变化周期,分析了光合作用、呼吸作用、扩散作用在高产养鱼池塘溶氧动力学上的地位和作用。对高产养鱼池塘的溶氧收入、支出及平衡情况进行了定量研究,在主要饲养季节,测得晴到多云天、晴天的溶氧来源分别为:浮游植物光合产氧占86.0和95.3%,大气扩散溶入占14.0和4.7%;氧的消耗分别为:“水呼吸”消耗氧占72.0和72.0%,鱼类呼吸消耗氧占22.0和13.1%,淤泥中生物呼吸消耗氧占2.9、5.5%,扩散逸出占3.1、8.8%。文中还对溶氧变化周期与养鱼池塘管理的环境控制、结构控制之间的关系进行了分析。       

The relevance of vegetation structures and small water bodies for bats foraging above farmland

Bats are known to forage and commute close to vegetation structures when moving across the agricultural matrix, but the role of isolated landscape elements in arable fields for bat activity is unknown. Therefore, we investigated the influence of small isolated ponds which lie within arable fields close to vegetation structures on the flight and foraging activity of bats. Additionally, we compared species-specific activity measures between forest edges and linear structures such as hedgerows. We repeatedly recorded bat activity using passive acoustic monitoring along 20 transects extending from the vegetation edge up to 200 m into the arable field (hereafter: edge-field interface) with a small pond present at five transects per edge type (linear vs. forest). Using generalized linear mixed effect models, we analyzed the effects of edge type, pond presence and the season on species-specific flight and foraging activity within the edge-field interface. We found a higher flight activity of Nyctalus noctula and Pipistrellus pygmaeus above the arable field when a pond was present. Furthermore, Pipistrellus nathusii and Pipistrellus pipistrellus foraged more frequently at forest edges than at linear structures (e.g. hedgerows). Additionally, we found three major patterns of seasonal variation in the activity of bats along the edge-field interface. This study highlights the species-specific and dynamic use of forest and hedgerow or tree line edges by bats and their importance for different bat species in the agricultural landscape. Further, additional landscape elements such as small isolated ponds within arable fields might support the activity of bats above the open agricultural landscape, thereby facilitating agroecosystem functioning. Therefore, additional landscape elements within managed areas should be restored and protected against the conversion into arable land and better linked to surrounding landscape elements in order to efficiently support bats within the agroecosystem.