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51.
Tissue cultured plants’ vessel headspace is subject to changes during subculture, and the analysis of its variation offers
a non-destructive approach for monitoring plant physiology. Among the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that can be released
by plants and be potentially recovered in the airspace of plant tissue cultures, terpenes are very important since they can
offer a snapshot of the physiological status of the plant under in vitro cultivation. Terpenes are synthesized from carbon
directly shunted from the photosynthetic carbon fixation cycle and their emission is under genetic and environmental control.
The experiments described in this paper propose the evaluation of the plant terpene profile in the culture’s headspace as
an early indicator of plant stress through the characterization of plant terpene production. Monitoring of terpene emission
as a plant response to mechanical stress such as plant wounding showed an increased isoprene and monoterpene emission rates
in the first hour after cutting. The comparison of headspace composition of cultures of two fruit rootstocks, Colt and GF677,
showed the former having higher emissions of isoprene, α-pinene and limonene than the latter. A decreasing emission trend
was observed during subculture, apparently as a result of culture aging. The in vitro headspace analysis of different myrtle
(Myrtus communis L.) clones showed a specific and distinctive terpene emission profile. VOC monitoring of in vitro culture headspace is discussed
as a non-destructive approach useful for its relation with major physiological activities of culture and for the determination
of the potential production of terpenes. 相似文献
52.
A tripartite culture system for endomycorrhizal inoculation of micropropagated strawberry plantlets in vitro 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Abdelmalek Elmeskaoui Jean-Pierre Damont Marie-Josée Poulin Yves Piché Yves Desjardins 《Mycorrhiza》1995,5(5):313-319
The objective of the current investigation was to develop a reliable method to obtain vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae (VAM) in micropropagated plantlets and to determine their influence on growth. An in vitro system for culturing the VA mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices with Ri T-DNA-transformed carrot roots or nontransformed tomato roots was used in this study as a potential active source of inoculum for the colonization of micropropagated plantlets. After root induction, micropropagated plantlets grown on cellulose plugs (sorbarod) were placed in contact with the primary mycorrhizae in growth chambers enriched with 5000 ppm CO2 and fed with a minimal medium. After 20 days of tripartite culture, all plantlets placed in contact with the primary symbiosis were colonized by the VAM fungus. As inoculum source, 30-day-old VA mycorrhizal transformed carrot roots had a substantially higher infection potential than 5-, 10-or 20-day-old VAM. Colonized plantlets had more extensive root systems and better shoot growth than control plants. The VAM symbiosis reduced the plantlet osmotic potential. This response may be a useful pre-adaptation for plantlets during transfer to the acclimatization stage. 相似文献
53.
An efficient and reproducible procedure for the large-scale propagation of Dendrocalamus asper is described. High-frequency direct shoot proliferation was induced in aseptic seed cultures of D. asper on modified Murashige and Skoog's (1962) medium supplemented with 1.0–10.0 mg/l benzyladenine (BA). Multiple shoots (1–25)
were formed within 5 weeks of seed culture without root formation. The shoot-forming capacity of seeds was influenced by the
BA concentration in the medium. Proliferating shoot cultures were established by repeatedly subculturing shoots in propagules
of 3 shoots each. A multiplication rate of 15–16 fold was achieved on MS medium +3.0 mg/l BA. Roots were formed on excised
propagules of 3–5 shoots when transferred to MS medium containing 10.0 mg/l indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) or 3.0 mg/l 1-naphthaleneacetic
acid (NAA). Plantlets were hardened, acclimatized and established in soil, where they exhibited normal growth.
Received: 10 April 1998 / Revision received: 18 November 1998 / Accepted: 12 December 1998 相似文献
54.
Lodha Deepika Patel Ashok Kumar Shekhawat N. S. 《Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants》2015,21(3):407-415
Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants - An efficient and reproducible in vitro propagation protocol has been established for Cadaba fruticosa (L.) Druce. Surface-sterilized nodal stem segments... 相似文献
55.
不定根发生机理的研究进展 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
综述了近年来试管苗不定根发生机理的研究进展,在不定根发生过程中,专一基因的表达,内源激素水平的动态变化,酶活性的变化,多胺和钙水平以及碳水化合物水平的变化与不定根诱导,根原基形成和根发育生长有密切关系。自发性生根和诱导生根系统的植物或组织在不定根发生过程中存在较大的生理生化差异。通过了解不定根发生机理的研究动态,有助于更好地研究试管苗生根和试管苗商品化生产。 相似文献
56.
生姜脱菌快繁研究进展 总被引:19,自引:0,他引:19
生姜是重要的经济作物 ,可用作香料、药物和调味品 ,它主要通过地下根状茎繁殖。自 1 977年生姜脱菌组培获得成功以来 ,在外植体的选择、培养基和培养条件等脱菌快繁技术上都有较大改进 ,培养效率明显提高 ,平均每个芽可增殖 7.7个芽 ,移栽成活率高达 95 %以上。就生姜脱菌快繁技术的发展及其应用前景 ,诸如创造遗传变异、离体种质保存、脱菌种子包衣和离体小块茎生产等作了综述。 相似文献
57.
Millán Cortizo Nuria de Diego Paloma Moncaleán Ricardo Javier Ordás 《Trees - Structure and Function》2009,23(4):835-842
This paper describes a micropropagation protocol for in vitro propagation of mature Stone Pine trees. Axillary bud development
was achieved by culturing bud explants in media containing various cytokinins. Experiments were conducted to test the effect
of asepsis conditions, type and concentration of cytokinin and rooting protocol. Four cytokinins were tested, namely, benzyladenine,
meta-topolin, N-benzyl-9-(2-tetrahydropyranyl)-adenine and thidiazuron (TDZ) of which TDZ gave the best results, as 59% shoot development
was obtained following the application of 1 μM TDZ to the culture medium. The shoot development was significantly influenced
by the genotype of the tree, but was effective in explants from all 20 genotypes used in the trial. In vitro rooting was,
however, difficult to achieve and could only be induced at low rates. This protocol represents the first successful biotechnological
approach to the micropropagation of adult Pinus pinea trees.
Paloma Moncaleán and Ricardo Javier Ordás contributed equally. 相似文献
58.
María del Socorro Santos Díaz Candy Carranza Álvarez 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2009,45(2):162-170
Two procedures for the in vitro propagation of Encyclia mariae, a threatened Mexican orchid, were developed. In the first procedure, leaves from in vitro germinated seedlings were cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) supplemented with the range of 2.21–4.4 μM 6-benzylaminopurine
(BA) in combination with 2.69–10.74 μM naphthalene acetic (NAA), 2.07–8.29 μM indole-3-butyric (IBA), or 2.85–11.42 μM indole-3-acetic
acid (IAA) to determine the best medium for the induction of shooting. Maximum direct shoot formation from leaves was observed
on MS containing 22.21 μM BA and 10.74 μM NAA (25 shoots/explant). The second procedure began with the culture of protocorms
on media containing NAA, IBA, or IAA, which induced callus formation with high regenerative potential in the form of protocorm-like-bodies
(PLBs) that eventually differentiated into shoots. The optimal response was attained when these structures were cultured on
medium with 4.14 μM IBA (30 shoots/PLB). To promote the elongation of shoots derived from PLBs, the material was subcultured
onto MS medium containing 22.21 μM BA and 5.37 μM NAA. Through the exploration of the effects of auxins and matrix on the
rooting of shoots, it was determined that the optimal rooting occurred on media supplemented either with 5.71 μM IAA or 4.14 μM
IBA either on agar-gelled medium or in liquid media with coir as the matrix. Rooting was found to be 20% higher in liquid
media than in agar-gelled medium. 相似文献
59.
A simple, rapid and efficient protocol for micropropagation of Cardiospermum halicacabum via axillary bud multiplication has been successfully developed. The organogenic competence of nodal segments was investigated
on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different concentrations of benzyladenine (BA), kinetin (Kn), thidiazuron
(TDZ) and 2-isopentenyladenine (2-iP). Multiple shoots differentiated directly without callus mediation within 4 weeks when
explants were cultured on a medium fortified with cytokinins. The maximum number of shoots (14.83 ± 0.52) was developed on
a medium supplemented with 0.3 μM TDZ. Such proliferating shoots when subcultured onto MS media devoid of TDZ gave the highest
rate of shoot multiplication (35.66 ± 1.00) by the end of fourth subculture passage. Elongated shoots were rooted on 1/3 MS
medium augmented with 0.5 μM IAA. The plantlets thus obtained were successfully hardened and transferred to greenhouse. 相似文献
60.
Samir C. Debnath 《Plant Growth Regulation》2007,51(3):245-253
The effects of four indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) concentrations and two propagation methods were studied in a lowbush blueberry
(Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.) clone collected from natural stands in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. Lowbush blueberry cultures were established
in vitro from nodal explants on a modified cranberry (V. macrocarpon Ait.) tissue culture medium containing zeatin (2 μM). Blueberry plants propagated by in vitro shoot proliferation (TC) and
by conventional softwood cuttings (SC) were evaluated for growth and morphology. Significant interactions for morphological
characteristics were observed among the treatments. The IBA concentration had an effect on morphology of propagated plants,
increasing the concentration of IBA increased stem length and leaves per stem across propagation methods. Stems per plant
increased with IBA concentration up to 20 μM in SC plants, but not in TC plants. Plant vigor was affected by neither IBA concentration
nor propagation method. The TC plants produced longer and more stems with more leaves per stem than the conventional cuttings.
In vitro culture on zeatin-containing nutrient medium apparently induces the juvenile branching characteristics that favored
enhanced vegetative growth with more stems and leaf production. It is suggested that IBA may serve as a physiologically active
form of auxin in contributing to increased stem and leaf production in lowbush blueberry SC plants but not in TC plants. 相似文献