桉叶饲料添加剂的研制和应用

桉树叶及其提取物是近期开发研究的一种新型饲料添加刺。在采用柠檬桉和窿缘桉等树叶作原料,单罐浸提,选择到最适工艺条件为浸提时间60分钟,溶剂浓度60％,料液比1:6—7,浸提次数2次,可取得较好的浸提效果。饲养禽畜试验表明,桉叶饲料添加剂能使猪增重13％左右,饲料报酬提高5—10％,蛋鸡提高产蛋2—3％,死亡率降低1％。肉鸡增重提高3％,饲科报酬提高4—8％,有显著的经济效益。     

Comparison of different solvents for extraction of polyhydroxybutyrate from Cupriavidus necator

Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHBs) have attracted much attention due to their biodegradability and biocompatibility properties. The main drawback to the commercial production of them is their high cost. The recovery of PHB from bacterial cytoplasm significantly increases total processing costs. Efficient, economical, and environment‐friendly extraction of PHB from cells is required for its industrial production. In the present study, several nonhalogenated organic solvents (ethylene carbonate, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethyl formamide, hexane, propanol, methanol, and acetic acid) were examined for their efficacy regarding recovery at different temperatures from culture broth containing Cupriavidus necator cells. The highest recovery percentage (98.6%) and product purity (up to 98%) were seen to be those of ethylene carbonate‐assisted extraction at 150°C within 60 min of incubation time. Average molecular weight of the recovered PHB (1.3 × 10⁶) was not significantly affected by the extraction solvent and conditions. The melting point of PHB extracted using ethylene carbonate was measured to be 176.2°C with an enthalpy of fusion of 16.8% and the corresponding degree of crystallinity of 59.2%. NMR and GC analyses confirmed that the extracted biopolymer was PHB. The presented strategy can help researchers to reduce the cost to obtain the final product.     

响应面法优化粉被虫草中虫草素的提取工艺

【背景】粉被虫草是民间常用药用真菌,具有抗辐射等多种药理作用,虫草素是其重要的活性物质。【目的】探究粉被虫草中提取虫草素的影响因素,为制取虫草素提供参考。【方法】以虫草素得率为指标,用响应面法优化超声提取工艺。分别考察超声时间、液料比和超声功率对提取效率的影响,在单因素实验基础上进行3因素3水平的响应面分析实验。【结果】最优提取条件为超声时间606 s、液料比45.9:1、超声功率400 W,在此条件下虫草素得率为6.136 mg/g,与模型预测值接近,方程拟合良好。【结论】首次对粉被虫草中虫草素的提取条件进行了研究,将对制取虫草素提供参考,有利于粉被虫草的深度开发利用。     

一株芽孢杆菌产生脲酶条件及脲酶提取研究

研究了一株芽孢杆菌(Bacillus sp.)产生脲酶的条件及脲酶提取。结果表明,芽孢杆菌适宜的生长及产酶温度为35～37℃,产酶受底—尿素的诱导。静止培养有利于产酶,Ni²⁺对产酶没有影响,脲酶粗提物经硫酸铵盐析、热处理,Sephadex G-200及DEAE-纤维素柱层析提取步骤脲酶比活力提高了近70倍,回收率15.5%.     

由小麦赤霉病菌菌丝快速提取DNA用于PCR扩增反应

采用加玻璃珠混合振荡1800r／min15分钟并95℃水浴加热10～20分钟的物理破壁方法由真菌菌丝直接提取DNA用于PCR扩增,具有所提DNA可扩增性好、提取方法简便易行、便宜等优点。相同引物或不同引物的二次扩增产物均好于一次扩增,且以引物B1和B3扩增后再用引物Fg1和Fg2扩增的效果最好。此法可广泛应用于大量样品的PCR和RAPD扩增实验。     

茶叶多糖及其药理作用研究进展

目前对茶叶多糖的药理作用研究日渐增多。综合起来有以下几方面:①防辐射效果;②抗凝血及抗血栓作用;③降血糖功效;④增强机体免疫能力;⑤降血压、耐缺氧及增加冠状动脉血流量等;⑥降脂作用。我国茶叶资源丰富,茶叶多糖的开发利用大有前途。     

Extraction of ribosomal RNA from soil for detection of Frankia with oligonucleotide probes

Sequences of 16S rRNA of the nitrogen-fixing Frankia strain Ag45/Mut15 and the ineffective Frankia strain AgB1.9 were used to design a genus-specific oligonucleotide probe. Hybridization experiments of this Frankia probe and a second probe, specific for Nif⁺-Frankia strains only, were used to detect Frankia specific target sequences in RNA isolations from soil. A method is described for direct isolation of RNA from a loamy soil and a peat. Yields of about 10 ng RNA/g wet soil are obtained without detectable contamination with humic acids. Isolation of RNA after initial extraction of bacteria from soil resulted in significantly lower RNA yields, compared to the direct isolation procedure. Hybridization with both probes against rRNA isolations from Frankia-containing soil could detect target sequences within RNA isolations from 1 g wet soil with an estimated detection limit of 10⁴ cells.     

Influence of Incubation Solution on the Rate of Recovery of Pratylenchus brachyurus from Cotton Roots

The rate of recovery of Pratylenchus brachyurus from cotton roots was enhanced when the tissue was incubated in solutions containing 10 ppm ethoxyethyl mercuric chloride, 50 ppm dihydrostreptomycin sulfate, 50, 100, or 1,000 ppm diisobutylphenoxethyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, or mixtures of these compounds. Incubation in 10 or 100 ppm zinc sulfate, zinc chloride, or magnesium chloride also enhanced the rate of recovery. Incubation solutions containing 1 or 1,000 ppm zinc chloride or magnesium chloride had no influence on this phenomenon, whereas, 10,000 ppm zinc sulfate, zinc chloride, or magnesium chloride retarded the rate of recovery. A t all incubation intervals during the first 21 days after the roots were removed from soil, the P. brachyurus population consisted of approximately 25% second-stage juveniles, 44% third and fourth-stage juveniles, and 31% females. At least 88% of the second-stage juveniles and 51% of the third and fourth-stage juveniles passed through a single 325-mesh sieve, whereas, 84% of the females collected were retained on a sieve of this mesh.