青藏高原东部典型高山植物叶片δ13C的季节变化

通过对青藏高原高寒草甸生态系统28种高山植物叶片不同月份稳定碳同位素组成的测定,研究植物δ 13C值在不同季节变化及其与环境之间的关系,试图找出影响δ 13C值变化的关键环境因子.结果表明植物δ13C值在不同月份间有显著性差异(P<0.01),生长初期(6月)δ13C值明显高于生长末期(8月).植物的δ13C值变化主要是由于温度和降水引起的,随温度和降雨量降低而偏重.另外,不同生长期植物叶片的成熟度可能对植物δ13C的变化有一定的贡献.不同种植物稳定性碳同位素值变化差别很大,反应了不同植物对环境变化的不同响应.     

小城镇土地利用变化的生态效应分析

采用系统生态学方法,尤其是应用了Simpson生物多样性指数法,前后相隔10年为时间跨度,对小城镇发展典型地区浙江省绍兴县某镇土地利用变化导致的生态效应进行了初步定量分析与研究.结果表明,由于土地使用功能的改变,导致了以绿色植物为计数的Simpson指数增加近2倍,而以土壤微生物为参照的工业和居住用地的Simpson指数均高于农业用地,反映该小城镇发展过程中生物多样性明显降低,并出现了局部气候的恶化(表现为镇区内年平均气温上升,而年平均相对湿度下降)等不良生态效应.     

有毒赤潮甲藻塔玛亚历山大藻（香港株Ⅱ）的生长特性研究

在室内条件下研究温度、N和P、维生素、抗生素对有毒赤潮甲藻塔玛亚历山大藻(香港株Ⅱ生长的影响。结果表明,塔玛亚历山大藻的适宜生长温度和N、P浓度分别为21-25℃,882-1765μmol／L和18-72μmol／L。复合维生素B的加入有利于塔玛亚历山大藻的生长,而50Uml^-1以上的抗生素则对其有明显的抑制作用。     

苦瓜皂苷提取工艺研究

采用正交设计研究回流法苦瓜皂苷的提取工艺。考察提取温度、乙醇浓度、固液比和提取时间等因素在不同水平下对苦瓜皂苷提取率的影响,并对结果进行方差分析和显著性检验。结果显示乙醇提取法最佳工艺组合为A3B1C2D3,即70％乙醇,固液比为1：15,100℃回流提取1．5h,重复提取3次。     

温度和化学预处理对玉米秸厌氧消化产气量的影响

提出通过中温消化和化学预处理相结合的方法提高玉米秸的厌氧消化产气量。研究了中温和常温条件下,不同负荷率对玉米秸产气量的影响,以及经氢氧化钠、氨水与尿素处理后玉米秸主要成份的变化规律及其对产气量的影响。结果显示,中温消化产气量比常温提高了139．2％～281.8％,消化时间减少了8～16d;除尿素外,氢氧化钠和氨处理都可不同程度地提高玉米秸的产气量;中温消化时,氢氧化钠处理玉米秸的产气量比未处理玉米秸提高了77．0％,比常温消化的未处理玉米秸提高了263．6％。把中温消化和化学处理结合起来是提高玉米秸厌氧消化效率和产气量的有效方法。     

川芎嗪合并硫酸镁治疗妊高征大鼠的疗效及机制探讨

The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of treatment of pregnancy--induced hypertension (PIH) in rats by Ligustrazine collaborated with magnesium sulfate. PIH rat models were induced with Nomega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) infusing at 7 mg/kg per day via caudal vein for four days, then treated with Ligustrazine, magnesium sulfate, or both for three days. Rat blood pressure level was measured by the tail-cuff method, 24 hours urine protein was also assayed. The blood pressure and urine proteins of grouped PIH rats were recorded before the start and after the termination of therapy. The body length and the weight of fetal rats, the weight of placentals from pregnant rats were measured. The placental tissues, livers, kidneys of rats were investigated with integrated methods such as histopathologic observation with light microscopy, ultrastructural observation with transmission electron microscopy. L-NAME administration in pregnancy rats during the late pregnancy period had resulted in an rise of blood pressure, an increasing of urine protein, death rate of rat fetus, incidence of teratogenesis, and so on. Three groups of PIH rats treated with single magnesium sulfate, Ligustrazine, or Ligustrazine combined with magnesium sulfate showed an obvious dropping of the proteinuria, decompression of blood pressure (p<0.01, p<0.001), especially the treatment efficacy in the group of Ligustrazine combined with magnesium sulfate was more significant effective than other two groups (p<0.01, p<0.001). The treatment with both Ligustrazine and magnesium sulfate could increase the body length of newly born rats, the body weight of tomites and the placental weight, furthermore, reduce the rate of the teratosis of hindlimb-shortness (p<0.001). There were diffuse focal necrosis areas in the livers of PIH rats, their glomerular basement membrane had thickened extensively, the glomerular endothelium had swelled, extensive edema in the epithelia of renal tubule was demonstrated. The decidua and basal zone of the placentae of PIH rats all thickened, the microvilli of trophoblasts decreased. After treatment with ligustrazine especially with both Ligustrazine and magnesium sulfate, the necrosis of hepatocytes disappeared. The thickening of glomerular basement membrane in the group of ligustrazine or both Ligustrazine and magnesium sulfate treatment reduced; Moreover in the latter group the morphology of glomerular endothelium essentially recovered, the edema in cytoplasms of renal tubular epithelium reduced. The placental lesions were also relieved. The present results indicated the therapeutic effect by Ligustrazine collaborated with magnesium sulfate was better than a single use of Ligustrazine or magnesium sulfate. There were pathological alteration involved ischemia and anoxic in the placental tissues of PIH rats, resembled the placental pathological alteration of the human cases with PIH. The treatment with ligustrazine, and especially both Ligustrazine and magnesium sulfate in PIH rats could obviously relieve the lesions in lives, kidneys and placentae.     

E83V对扩展青霉脂肪酶最适作用温度的影响

利用重叠延伸PCR法对扩展青霉碱性脂肪酶(PEL)基因作了体外定点突变,获得了最适作用温度有所提高的突变体。含突变基因的重组质粒pPIC3．5K-lip-E83V在Pichia pastoris GS115中表达。对突变体表达产物PEL-E83V-GS与野生型表达产物PEL-GS作了比较：前者最适作用温度为45℃,比野生型提高了5℃;其热稳定性基本不变;突变体在37℃下的表达量为188U／mL,约为野生型的80％。最适作用温度的提高可能是由于83位亲水性的Glu用疏水性的Val取代,增加了脂肪酶表面的疏水作用,使其在高温下更适于与底物的结合。     

温度对小斑熊虫Milnesium tardigradum Doyère(缓步动物门,小斑熊虫科)食量和食物消化率的影响

为研究温度对小斑熊虫Milnesium tardigradum食量和食物消化率的影响,以轮虫为食物,将20只小斑熊虫分成两组,每组10只,分别在20℃和5℃下驯化饲养10天,并在各自驯化温度下进行实验观察。对实验结果的方差分析和t-检验表明,小斑熊虫的食量随温度的升高而显著增加,20℃下饲养的个体取食轮虫的个数比5℃下的多0.84个/天;小斑熊虫的食物消化率随温度的升高而显著增加,20℃下的小斑熊虫消化率比5℃下的快24 h。     

小熊猫夏秋季的昼夜活动节律

2002年5~11月,在邛崃山系宝兴蜂桶寨自然保护区采用无线电遥测技术对6只野生小熊猫的昼夜活动节律进行了研究。结果表明,小熊猫具有晨昏活动的习性,5~11月的平均活动率为0.5286。小熊猫以白昼活动为主,兼夜间活动,白昼的活动率(0.5903±0.0538)高于夜晚活动率(0.4468±0.0413)。每昼夜有(52.86±9.8)%的时间处于活动状态,其中64.53%的活动时间在白昼,35.47%的活动时间在夜晚。每昼夜有两个活动高峰,分别出现在08∶00~10∶00和17∶30~18∶30。在休息时间的分配上,小熊猫每昼夜长休息平均2.07次,持续时间平均3.75小时;中等长度休息1.56次,持续1.59小时;短休息1.21次,持续0.84小时;长休息有44.06%在白昼,55.94%在夜晚。     

冬眠期温度和扬子鳄疾病发生的关系

分析5～8年龄段的扬子鳄在不同环境条件下越冬出现的发病死亡结果,表明越冬期内空气温度的昼夜剧烈变化,使得越冬池内的水温发生较大的波动,导致处在越冬中的扬子鳄生理功能紊乱,使鳄患病甚至死亡,当年的室外饲养质量影响鳄的发病时间.