斑马鱼脾显微与超微结构

应用光学显微镜和透射电镜对斑马鱼(Daniorerio)脾的显微与超微结构进行了观察。光镜结果表明,斑马鱼的脾主要由脾髓和网状组织两部分构成,脾髓分布于整个脾,分为白髓和红髓,但界限不明显,呈混合分布。红髓染色相对较浅,占脾实质的大部分区域,主要由密集的红细胞构成,可见脾窦结构,脾索结构不明显。白髓染色较深,主要由密集的淋巴细胞构成,淋巴细胞的胞核染色较深,呈深紫色。经Gordon-Sweet银染显示网状纤维后,可清晰观察到脾小结,从而可清晰区分红髓与白髓,脾小结与哺乳动物的类似,主要是由密集的淋巴细胞构成。酸性磷酸酶染色可见斑马鱼脾内有大量吞噬性细胞存在。电镜结果显示,红髓分布有不同类型的红细胞、血小板和浆细胞,白髓分布有淋巴细胞、巨噬细胞、单核细胞、嗜中性粒细胞、浆细胞和网状细胞,淋巴细胞胞质内含有多泡体,这可能与淋巴细胞发挥免疫功能有着密切联系。斑马鱼脾与大多数硬骨鱼相似,未观察到椭球这一特殊结构。     

弓形革囊星虫组织结构和超微结构观察

弓形革囊星虫(Phascolosoma arcuatum)是近年兴起的水产养殖品种,目前已形成一定养殖规模,但是其生物学特性相关的研究只有零星报道。本文主要采用石蜡切片苏木精-伊红(H.E)染色和扫描电镜方法对弓形革囊星虫的整体形态和各主要器官的结构进行研究。结果表明,弓形革囊星虫主要由吻部和躯干部构成,躯干部有乳突分布;吻部由触手和项器构成,伸长可达躯干部的两倍,具有感光性。其消化系统由口、食道、肠、肛门四个部分构成,不同部分的肌肉组织存在明显差异;收吻肌一端与吻相连,另一端分成4支,分别连于背部两侧(背收吻肌)和腹部两侧(腹收吻肌);食道贴于收吻肌,后连接肠。肠分为肠下回环与肠上回环,肠上回环与肠下回环缠绕盘旋,肠上回环后接直肠。直肠具有盲囊,后连接肛门;两条肾管分布在腹侧。     

Albumin uptake and distribution in the zebrafish liver as observed via correlative imaging

Although liver transport routes have been extensively studied in rodents, live imaging under in situ and in vivo conditions of large volumes is still proven to be difficult. In this study, we took advantage of the optical transparency of zebrafish and their small size to explore their usefulness for correlative imaging studies and liver transport experimentations. First, we assessed the micro-architecture of the zebrafish liver and compared its fine structure to the rodent and humans’ literature. Next, we investigated the transport routes and cellular distribution of albumin using combined and correlative microscopy approaches. These methods permitted us to track the injected proteins at different time points through the process of liver uptake and clearance of albumin.We demonstrate strong structural and functional resemblance between the zebrafish liver and its rodents and humans’ counterparts. In as short as 5?min post-injection, albumin rapidly accumulated within the LSECs. Furthermore, albumin entered the space of Disse where it initially accumulated then subsequently was taken up by the hepatocytes. We propose the zebrafish as a viable alternative experimental model for hepatic transport studies, allowing swift multimodal imaging and direct quantification on the hepatic distribution of supramolecular complexes of interest.     

Ultrastructure of spermiogenesis and spermatozoa in Mesocastrada fuhrmanni Voltz, 1898 (Platyhelminthes, Rhabdocoela, Typhloplanoida)

Electron microscopy of the testes of the free-living flatworm Mesocastrada fuhrmanni collected from temporary freshwater ponds shows stages of spermiogenesis that are like other species of the Typhloplanidae. Spermiogenesis in Mesocastrada fuhrmanni is characterized by the presence, in the spermatid, of a differentiation zone underlain by peripheral microtubules and centered on two centrioles with an intercentriolar body. Two flagella of the 9+“1” pattern of the Trepaxonemata grow out in opposite directions from the centrioles. The flagella undergo a latero-ventral rotation, and a subsequent disto-proximal rotation of centrioles occurs in the spermatid. The former rotation involves the compression and the detachment of a row of cortical microtubules, and allows us to recognize a ventral from a dorsal side. Two features are of special interest at the end of differentiation: peripheral cortical microtubules lie parallel to the sperm axis near the anterior tip, but microtubules become twisted (about 40° with reference to the gamete axis) near the posterior extremity; in the same way, the posterior tip of the nucleus is spiralled. As far as we know, these features are observed for the first time in the Typhloplanidae. The pattern of spermiogenesis and the ultrastructural organization of the spermatozoon are compared with the available data on Typhloplanoida and in particular, species of the Typhloplanidae family.     

"两步法"体外培养山羊卵母细胞的超微结构观察

有假说认为,卵母细胞在体外培养过程中,如果延长GV期,可促进卵母细胞进一步成熟,因而提高发育潜能。采用山羊半卵泡和卵母细胞共培养,抑制卵母细胞GVBD发生,从而延长GV期。比较了共培养前后和恢复成熟培养后卵母细胞的超微结构变化,其目的从亚细胞水平寻找卵母细胞进一步成熟的证据。研究发现,常规成熟培养:有卵周隙存在,但不贯通,局部区域卵膜与透明带结合紧密;部分皮质区尚有细胞器存在;微绒毛大部分从透明带中撤出,倒伏于质膜表面,数量较多,形态较为粗大;皮层颗粒质膜下部分单层分布,部分散布于皮质区;线粒体均匀散布于卵质中央区。共培养前:卵母细胞的卵周隙尚未形成,微绒毛没有从透明带中撤出;线粒体等细胞器分布于皮质区,皮层颗粒成簇状分布,皮质区富含细胞器。共培养后:局部形成卵周隙,微绒毛已自透明带中撤出,数量较多,垂直或倒伏于卵膜表面;线粒体以簇状分批开始内移,皮层颗粒已部分单层分布于质膜下,部分皮质区缺乏细胞器。恢复成熟培养后:卵周隙进一步扩大并且贯通,微绒毛数量减少并且绝大多数垂直于卵膜;线粒体在卵质中央区均匀分布,皮层颗粒卵膜下单层分布,大部分皮质区无细胞器存在。利用“两步法”培养得到的卵母细胞与体外常规成熟培养的卵母细胞相比,更有利于皮层颗粒的质膜下单层分布,卵母细胞卵周隙的形成与贯通,微绒毛数量减少和垂直于卵膜表面,无细胞器皮层区的进一步形成。因此,更有利于卵母细胞胞质的进一步成熟。     

Occurrence of microbodies in chloromonadophycean algae

Microbody-like organelles occur in the cytoplasm of two chloromonadophycean algae,Vacuolaria virescens Cienkowsky andGonyostomum semen Diesing. Microbodies ofVacuolaria andGonyostomum have a granular matrix which lacks a crystalloid core; they are often present in close association with elements of the endoplasmic reticulum. The occurrence of microbodies in other algae is briefly reviewed.     

我国广东路氏锥虫的研究Ⅰ.种的特性及其在实验寄主中的繁殖

本文对发现于广东的鼠锥虫进行了寄主特异性、形态学、实验寄主体内的感染过程、厦虫氨基酸组分等多方面的研究,并将其定为路氏锥虫在中国广东分布的一个不同地域株。本文研究了它在实验寄主体内繁殖消长的规律,整个发育过程的各期形态及成熟期的超微结构,并测出其16种氨基酸的存在和含量。     

生姜根茎的发育过程及分泌腔的超微结构

为了解生姜(Zingiber officinale Roscoe)根茎的发育过程,在光学显微镜和电子显微镜下对不同发育时期的生姜进行显微和超微结构观察,并对分泌腔的发生发育过程进行了研究。结果表明,幼嫩期的生姜,表皮以内的基本组织可大致分为皮层、拟内皮层和中柱。次生加厚分生组织起源于中柱外侧一些细胞,细胞分裂和体积增大促使生姜发育。薄壁细胞内有大量的淀粉粒且其数量、形状和大小因发育时期而不同。分泌腔广布于生姜中,其发育过程可分为3个阶段:分泌腔原始细胞团形成、分泌腔的发生和成熟分泌腔形成。生姜精油主要在线粒体、质体和细胞质中合成。本研究为生姜药用资源的开发利用提供了理论依据。     

慢性睡眠剥夺对颞下颌关节微结构的影响

目的:研究慢性睡眠障碍对大鼠颞下颌关节微结构的影响。方法:采用改良多平台法(MMPM)建立睡眠剥夺模型,将90只Wistar大鼠随机分为3组(n=30),分别为小平台组、网格组和对照组。小平台组和网格组大鼠接受每天18 h的睡眠剥夺和6 h间歇期(10:00—16:00),间歇期大鼠正常笼养。实验第7、14和21天时分别行动物行为学观察、旷场试验和动物血浆检测,并通过HE染色和扫描电镜观察颞下颌关节微结构的变化。结果:与对照组和网格组相比,小平台组大鼠血清促肾上腺激素(ACTH)和皮质醇(CORT)水平均增高(P<0.05),髁突软骨HE染色显示软骨细胞层次及厚度改变;扫描电镜结果显示关节盘表面纤维排列松散。结论:慢性睡眠障碍可能导致颞下颌关节微结构发生病理性改变。