不同施肥处理对玉米-小麦轮作土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响

土壤微生物多样性能反应土壤的肥力,不同的施肥措施对土壤微生物的种群和功能多样性也会产生重要的影响。以山东德州连续两年小麦季和玉米季收获后土壤为研究对象,利用Biolog技术研究了6种不同施肥处理对土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响。结果表明:其中各个施肥处理的平均颜色变化率(average well color development,AWCD)差异显著,常规氮磷钾肥+全量秸秆还田+秸秆腐熟剂(FS)处理代谢活性最高;物种丰富度指数(H)和均匀度指数(E)也表明各施肥方式均能够维持微生物种群的多样性,其中FS和30%猪粪+70%常规氮磷钾肥(OF)处理物种丰富度指数(H)和均匀度指数(E)最高;PCA及RDA分析显示,OF和FS处理微生物功能多样性相似,且其微生物功能多样性与有机质(Soil organic matter,SOM)、全氮(Total N,TN)、速效磷(Available P,AP)和速效钾(Available K,AK)密切相关。猪粪堆肥有机无机复合肥3 600 kg/hm2(OI2)处理与猪粪堆肥有机无机复合肥1 800 kg/hm2(OI1)处理相似,其功能多样性比常规施肥(CF)处理稍高。综上所述,OF处理和FS处理的土壤微生物群落功能多样性程度高于其他处理,说明秸秆还田+秸秆腐熟剂和有机肥部分替代氮磷钾肥能够显著提高土壤微生物功能多样性,有利于保护土壤微生态。     

亚洲国家和地区染色体研究领域最新进展—— 第三届亚洲染色体讨论会纪实

第三届亚洲染色体讨论会于2008年12月1日-4日在日本大阪大学举行.来自日本、中国、韩国、印度、土耳其、新西兰、新加坡、马来西亚、印度尼西亚、泰国、墨西哥、中国台湾等12个国家和地区的140多位科学家和研究生出席了会议.     

麦田套种玉米共生期农田生态环境特征及对夏玉米苗期生长的影响

以登海661、郑单958为试验材料,设置麦田套种和麦收后接茬直播两种不同种植方式对比试验,研究了麦田套种玉米共生期的农田生态环境特征及对玉米苗期生长的影响.结果表明： 麦田套种玉米与直播玉米相比,土壤含水量差异较小;麦田套种玉米耕层（0～5 cm）土壤的种际最高温度比直播玉米低4.8～5.2 ℃,最低温度相近,日平均温度低1.4～1.7 ℃,日变化较小,但均达到种子萌发要求;麦田套种玉米苗期冠层光照强度比直播显著减少,套种玉米地表光强为自然光强的4.4%～10.6%,光照不足是玉米苗弱、迟发的主要原因.与直播相比,套种玉米种子萌发出苗速度和干物质积累速度较慢,叶龄较小,叶片瘦长,株高较矮,玉米苗健壮度下降,单株叶面积较小且叶绿素含量较低;随共生期延长,玉米苗生长受抑制程度增加.在大田生产中,直播可促进种子萌发出苗,有利于夏玉米幼苗的生长发育,形成壮苗.     

在1/3海水培养基上筛选豆瓣菜耐盐变异体

The responses of stem segments of watercress ( Nasturtium offtcinale R. Br. ) to 6-BA, NAA and 2,4-D were studied. MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/L 6-BA, 0.2 mg/L 2,4-D was used for callus initiation and maintainance. MS medium supplemented with 4.0 mg/L 6-BA was suitable for plant regeneration and MS medium without plant hormone supplement was used for rooting and plant propagation. For screening of salt. tolerant calli, stem segments of watercress were plated onto callus initiation medium containing 1/3 natural seawater. Seventeen out of the 325 plated explants produced calli. The growth curves demonstrated that the growth rate of salt-tolerant calli on saline medium almost matched that of the control calli on normal medium. Some of the salt-tolerant calli were transferred to the normal regeneration medium or saline regeneration medium to induce plant regeneration. In the first case, buds and shoots were regenerated in the same way as those of control calli on normal regeneration medium. More than 1 000 regenerated shoots were obtained of which 83 regenerated shoots were cut and transferred to saline MS base medium. At first, all shoot growth was inhibited, but 40 days after the transfer, rapid-growing axillary shoots were observed on 16 of the original shoots but none on the control shoots on saline MS base medium. Moreover, green spots appeared on most calli 10 days after they were transferred to saline medium, however buds appeared only on 5 calli from the 30 transferred calli and at the end only 2 rapid-growing shoots were obtained from two calli. In total, 18 variant lines were obtained through propagation of the salt-tolerant shoots on saline MS base medium. RAPD analysis was performed in 10 of the 18 salt-tolerant variant lines and DNA variation was detected in all the tested variant lines.