基因芯片与植物基因差异表达分析

基因芯片为研究植物不同个体或物种之间以及同一个体在不同生长发育阶段、正常和疾病状态下基因表达的差异、某一性状多基因的协同作用,寻找和定位新的目的基因等方面带来了革命性的变革。与传统研究基因差异表达的方法相比,它具有微型化、用材少、快速、准确、灵敏度能高基、在因同等一研究方面已取得了显著的成绩,如拟南芥、酵母、水稻等。     

地中海实蝇及其近缘种基因芯片检测研究

本研究选择线粒体DNA (mtDNA) 细胞色素氧化酶Ⅰ基因（COⅠ）为分子标记基因,以双翅目实蝇科昆虫DNA序列为目标,建立了我国进境植物检疫害虫地中海实蝇Ceratitis capitata、芒果小条实蝇C. cosyra和纳塔尔小条实蝇C. rosa等生物芯片检测方法。地中海实蝇及其近缘种检测芯片由检测探针（实蝇科通用探针1条,小条实蝇属通用探针1条,地中海实蝇、芒果小条实蝇和纳塔尔小条实蝇近缘种探针2条和种特异探针4条）、质控探针（定位点探针、阳性质控、阴性质控和空白对照探针各1条）组成。芯片检测结果表明,检测探针特异性强,能实现上述3种实蝇的种类快速区分和准确鉴定; 检测方法稳定性好,地中海实蝇不同虫态（卵、幼虫、蛹和成虫）和不同地理种群检测结果完全一致。地中海实蝇生物芯片检测技术将为我国进口果蔬中检疫性实蝇快速筛查和种类鉴定提供检测方法,同时,还可应用到其他属的实蝇以及相关害虫的检疫中,为有害生物的快速鉴定提供了新方法。     

大鼠胰腺胚胎发育功能相关基因表达谱的分析

目的:研究大鼠胰腺胚胎发育不同阶段的基因表达谱,对比其功能相关基因随大鼠胰腺发育的变化.方法:采用显微分离及提取技术获得胚胎发育不同阶段胰腺组织并提取RNA,采用高密度寡核普酸芯片(Affemetrix芯片)对胚胎发育至第12.5天、15.5天、18.5天胚胎胰腺及成年胰腺进行基因转录水平分析,用生物信息学方法分析具体基因的表达情况.结果:胰腺的生物学功能尤其beta细胞功能相关基因insulin RNA,amylopsin RNA,GLUT-2 RNA等在胚胎15.5及18.5天显著高表达.结论:E15.5到E18.5直至出生是胰腺功能完善和成熟的阶段,这个时期以细胞功能成熟为主.     

应用基因芯片筛选鼻咽癌信号转导相关基因

目的：建立具有组织特异性的鼻咽癌基因表达谱,筛选鼻咽癌中信号转导相关基因。方法：采用深圳微芯公司基于玻片的包含8046个人类基因的基因芯片,检测7例鼻咽癌组织及1例鼻咽炎组织,初步获得鼻咽癌异常表达基因;结合GO分类从异常表达的基因中筛选信号转导相关基因,以Biocarta信号通路数据库查询筛选基因相关转导信号通路信息。结果：在鼻咽癌组织独得1241个异常用表达基因,其中高表达基因871个,低表达基因343个。发现28个差异表达基因与细胞的信号转导相关,其中表达上调的21个,表达下调的7个。结论：成功建立了具有组织特异性的鼻咽癌基因表达谱,初步获得了鼻咽癌信号转导相关基因。     

基因芯片技术在植物基因克隆中的应用研究进展

基因芯片是以预先设计的方式将大量的生物讯息密码(寡核苷酸、cDNA、基因组DNA等)固定在玻片、硅片等固相载体上组成的密集分子阵列.基因芯片技术本质是生物信号的平行分析,它利用核酸分子杂交原理,通过荧光标记技术检测杂交亲和与否,再经过计算机分析处理可迅速获得所需信息.由于其具有高通量、微型化、连续化、自动化、快速和准确等特点,已引起国际国内广泛的关注和重视,在许多领域得到了广泛的应用.本文简述了基因芯片的概念,技术特点及主要分类,着重对其在基因表达水平检测,基因突变和多态性的分析,基因组DNA分析,后基因组学研究以及转基因农作物检测等方面进行阐述,并说明其存在的问题及展望.     

cDNA microarray reveals the alterations of cytoskeleton-related genes in osteoblast under high magneto-gravitational environment

The diamagnetic levitation as a novel ground-based model for simulating a reduced gravity environment has been widely applied in many fields. In this study, a special designed superconducting magnet, which can produce three apparent gravity levels （0, 1, and 2 g）, namely high magneto-gravitational environment （HMGE）, was used to simulate space gravity environment. The effects of HMGE on osteoblast gene expression profile were investigated by microarray. Genes sensitive to diamagnetic levitation environment （0g）, gravity changes, and high magnetic field changes were sorted on the basis of typical cell func- tions. Cytoskeleton, as an intracellular load-bearing struc- ture, plays an important role in gravity perception. Therefore, 13 cytoskeleton-related genes were chosen according to the results of microarray analysis, and the expressions of these genes were found to be altered under HMGE by real-time PCR. Based on the PCR results, the expressions of WASF2 （WAS protein family, member 2）, WIPF1 （WAS/WASL interacting protein family, member 1）, paxillin, and talin 1 were further identified by western blot assay. Results indicated that WASF2 and WIPF1 were more sensitive to altered gravity levels, and talin 1 and paxillin were sensitive to both magnetic field and gravity changes. Our findings demonstrated that HMGE can affect osteoblast gene expression profile and cytoskele- ton-related genes expression. The identification of mechanosensitive genes may enhance our understandings to the mechanism of bone loss induced by microgravity and may provide some potential targets for preventing and treating bone loss or osteoporosis.     

Identification of aberrant cell cycle regulation in Epstein-Barr virus-associated nasopharyngeal carcinoma by cDNA microarray and gene set enrichment analysis

Previous studies have revealed that Epstein-Barr virus （EBV） was closely associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma （NPC）. This study aimed to characterize the global pathways affected in the EBV-associated NPC. Combined with microdissection, gene expression profries in 22 NPCs and 10 non-tumor nasopharyngeal epithelial （NPE） tissue samples were analyzed. All NPC specimens served in the microarray analysis were positive for EBV, as judged by identification of the expression of EBV nuclear antigen 1 （EBNA1）. Through gene set enrichment analysis （GSEA）, we found that cell cycle pathway was the most disregulated pathway in NPC （P = 0.000, false discovery rate q-value = 0.007）, which included some aberrant expressed components. We first found that overexpression of CDK4, cyclin D1, and Rb proteins, and loss of expression of proteins p16, p27, and p19 were statistically significant in NPC tissues compared with non-cancerous NPE （P〈 0.05） by real-time RT- PCR and tissue microarray. EBV-encoded small RNA-1 （EBER-1） hybridization signals in the NPC showed significant associations with the overexpression of Rb （P = 0.000）, cyclin D1 （P = 0.000）, CDK4 （P = 0.000）, and the loss of expression of p16 proteins （P = 0.039）. In the final logistic regression analysis model, EBER-1 and abnormal expression of p16, Rb, cyclin D1, and E2F6 were inde- pendent contributions to nasopharyngeal carcinogenesis. Through survival analysis, only cyclin D1 could predict the prognosis of NPC patients. These results suggested that cell cycle pathway was the most disregulated pathway in the EBV-associated NPC, and EBER-1 was closely associated with p16, CDK4, cyclin D1, and Rb. cyclin D1 could be the prognosis biomarker for NPC.     

基于基因芯片蝎毒多肽提取物对H22肝癌抑制作用的研究

目的:通过表达谱基因芯片研究蝎毒多肽提取物PESV对H22肝癌基因表达的影响,探讨其可能的药物作用机理.方法:建立H22肝癌皮下荷瘤模型,将60只昆明小鼠随机分为模型组、PESV组、Gemcitabine和TNP-40组,每组15只;无菌摘取皮下肿瘤组织,提取总RNA,通过反转录方法制备cDNA荧光探针,进行芯片杂交,然后对芯片进行图像扫描,最后用Imagene4.0软件包对荧光信号进行分析.结果:蝎毒多肽提取物PESV作用于荷瘤小鼠后,有127个基因表达下调,433个基因表达明显上调,其中35个基因与抗肿瘤血管生成药物TNP-470处理组下调基因一致,有40个与化疗药物Gemcitabine处理组下调基因一致.结论:蝎毒多肽提取物PESV可能同时具有细胞毒作用和抗血管生成作用双重作用,有望成为一种极具前景的肿瘤治疗药物.     

糖尿病肝脏基因表达谱代谢学分析

目的:探讨糖尿病患者肝脏与正常对照肝脏基因表达谱的变化,并进行代谢通路生物信息学分析.方法:应用Affymetrix的Human Genome U133A array芯片检测糖尿病肝脏组织(n=2)和正常对照肝脏组织(n=2)的基因表达谱变化,通过DAVID分析平台对芯片监测到的表达上调的基因进行KEGG通路分析,并用RT-PCR验证部分基因的表达情况.结果:以比值大于2或小于-2为准,共有492条基因明显上调,820条基因明显下调;在差异表达明显的前20位基因中,涉及氧化应激、免疫炎症反应和脂代谢.KEC-G代谢通路分析显示:该差异表达基因谱符合2型糖尿病的发病机制,其差异表达明显基因的代谢通路涉及胰岛素信号通路、脂代谢、补体和凝血系统、糖代谢、粘附功能和细胞因子和受体的相互作用.RT-PCR证实差异表达明显基因SOD2mRNA和CRPmRNA确实表达明显上调.结论:糖尿病肝脏与正常肝脏组织基因表达谱的变化在代谢通路上主要表现为在糖、脂代谢和胰岛素信号通路、补体和凝血系统等的改变,肝脏在糖尿病发病机制中的作用可能与其参与糖脂代谢和胰岛素的作用异常有关.     

cDNA阵列筛选结直肠癌化疗敏感性相关基因的初步研究

目的:筛选与结直肠癌中与化疗敏感性相关的基因,为结直肠癌化疗的个体化方案制定提供分子遗传学方面的依据.方法:收集结直肠癌新鲜组织标本,部分用于提取组织RNA和组织蛋白质,部分用于肿瘤药物敏感实验(MTT法).病理学诊断为中分化腺癌,根据药物敏感实验结果分为化疗高敏感组和化疗低敏感组,进行cDNA阵列实验比较筛选差异表达基因,Western Blot检测部分差异表达基因的表达情况.结果:通过肿瘤药物敏感实验结果得到对5-Fu+CF+L-OHP(氟脲嘧啶,亚叶酸钙,奥沙利铂)联合作用敏感的5例(高敏感组),不敏感的5例(低敏感组),cDNA阵列结果显示化疗高敏感组和低敏感组的差异表达基因其中有34个基因,其中差异表达显著的基因9个;叶酸多聚谷氨酸(FPGS)的表达在高敏感组中均高于低敏感组,HSP27在化疗低敏感组中的表达均高于高敏感组,与基因芯片中cDNA表达变化一致.结论:在结直肠腺癌化疗敏感性不同的病例中存在差异表达基因,这些基因可能成为结直肠癌化疗敏感性预测的生物标志物.