武汉市典型城市湖泊湿地资源非使用价值评价

城市湖泊湿地资源的非使用价值评价,不仅可为建立区域生态账户提供基础数据,还可促进政府加大城市湖泊湿地保护与治理投资力度。以武汉市典型城市湖泊为研究对象,基于条件价值评估法对城市湖泊湿地资源的非使用价值进行了货币化计量。结果表明,88.2%受访者认为武汉市城市湖泊湿地的非使用价值很重要,但41.2%受访者对武汉市城市湖泊湿地的环境质量变化情况不了解:受访者认为湖泊湿地非使用价值3种组分的重要性程度顺序为存在价值遗产价值选择价值。受访者对武汉市典型城市湖泊严东湖、东湖、紫阳湖的支付意愿率分别为70.8%、70.1%、56.9%,人均支付意愿值分别为48.4元·a-1、49.6元·a-1、44.0元·a-1,非使用价值分别为2.84×108元·a-1、2.88×108元·a-1、2.07×108元·a-1,呈现出半自然湖泊自然湖泊人工湖泊的趋势。受访者年龄、年收入、文化程度对支付意愿有显著影响,而性别、职业、职称对支付意愿无显著影响;受访者年收入、文化程度、职称对支付值有显著影响,而性别、年龄、职业对支付值无显著影响。     

武汉市农地资源价值估算

运用收益还原法及条件价值评估法(CVM)对武汉市不同类型农地资源的市场价值和非市场价值进行估算。结果表明:全市包括耕地、园地、林地及水域在内的农地资源非市场价值达577.12亿元,相当2004年全市生产总值的29.51%,是农地资源价值构成中的重要组成。其中,现有耕地资源的整体价值达1056.98亿元,目前无法在交易市场得到体现的非市场价值有205.19亿元,占耕地价值的19.41%;园地及水域用地的整体价值分别为219.32和989.94亿元,非市场价值所占比例份额分别为48.45%和14.23%;林地资源的非市场价值达124.72亿元,单位林地的非市场价值为163236元.hm-2。     

武汉城市圈生态服务价值时空演变分析及影响因素

基于2005—2015年武汉城市圈土地利用变化过程,采用专家打分法对"中国生态系统单位面积生态服务价值当量表"进行修订,定量测算生态服务价值(ESV,Ecological Service Values)并比较不同功能与服务,分析武汉城市圈ESV的时空演变特征,以生态服务估算价值为基础构造了经济、景观与ESV三者之间的双对数空间回归计量模型;挖掘ESV时空变化的驱动因素,为区域生态系统管理提供科学基础。研究结果表明:2005—2015年间,武汉城市圈ESV逐年减少,2005年为176.175亿元,2010年为169.296亿元,2015年为153.717亿元;ESV在空间上呈现较为显著的地区空间差异,呈现以武汉市区为圆心的由外向内环层递减结构;从不同功能价值和单项服务来看,区域生态功能的调节服务文化服务供给服务,其中食物生产又是最为主要的单项服务功能,且在历年价值逐渐减少的同时保持相对稳定变化;驱动力影响机理的研究结果表明,生态服务价值总量与单项服务价值均与农村居民人均可支配收入和景观AI(Agglomeration Index)聚集度指数呈显著的负相关关系,与农业总产值显著正相关。社会经济的快速发展和区域景观格局的改变影响着生态系统的格局特征与生态过程,社会经济发展与景观演变一起共同影响与作用于生态服务功能并表征于货币经济核算价值的相对正负变化,为开展区域生态功能保护与补偿、促进区域性可持续发展提供了科学参考。     

特大型城市生态文明建设评价指标体系及应用——以武汉市为例

特大型城市是我国社会、经济、文化和人口的中心,也是我国资源环境问题最为突出的地方之一。由于特大型城市与中小城市资源环境问题存在差异,特大型城市之间生态环境问题和生态文明建设的状态也存在相似之处,建立反映特大型城市资源环境问题特征的生态文明评价指标体系,依据评价结论,指导特大型生态文明建设十分必要。以服务于特大型城市生态文明建设为目标,在对特大型城市发展状态和特大型城市资源环境问题与社会经济发展突出矛盾分析的基础上,建立了包括有生态环境健康度、资源环境消耗强度、面源污染治理效率和居民生活宜居度等4个方面,共20个指标的特大型城市生态文明评价指标体系,并以各个指标对应的国家标准、政策和规划要求,以及相关研究确立的指标发展目标为依据,对武汉市2006—2011年生态文明建设完成情况进行了评价。依据评价结果,指出武汉市要从以下方面加强生态文明建设:一要控制空气中可吸入颗粒物含量,降低大气中硫化物含量,控制污水排放规模和噪音污染,循环利用废水资源;二要实施总量和强度"双控"政策,显著降低单位GDP的能耗、废气排放量和工业固体排放量;三要提高城市生活污水和生活垃圾的治理能力,循环利用可再生的城市生活"矿产";四要提高森林覆盖率和建城区绿化率,降低人口密度,解决城市住房和交通拥挤问题。     

武汉“1+8”城市圈医疗长效监管必要性研究

武汉“1+8”城市圈的确立,为优化城市圈内医疗资源的配置、整合提供了机遇。在新形势下,利用好这一有利时机,对促进城市圈内医疗系统又快又好地发展具有重要意义。通过对武汉“1+8”城市圈9个城市的卫生局局长等医院监管相关知情人分别进行医疗长效监管方面的深度访谈,了解到城市圈内医疗监管不足的主要表现及原因,为探索改进“两型社会”建设中医疗监管与改革提供参考依据。     

Host re-identification of cyanophage PP and its implications for host range and specificity

Dear Editor, In this study,we re-identified the hosts of cyanophage PP.Twenty-three candidate algal strains were tested,and the results indicated that seven strains belonging to Plectonema and Phormidium are the hosts of cyanophage PP,including two previously reported filamentous cyanobacteria,Plectonema boryanum and Phormidium foveolarum (Zhao et al.2002).However,several species or strains within the two genera were found not to be hosts of cyanophage PP,implying that the host range is relatively specific.     

Desmids from Southern Bays of the Donghu Lake,Wuhan, China

A total of 48 algae samples were collected from southern bays of the Donghu Lake from September in 1963 to December in 1964．The desmids were very plentiful,164 species,75 varieties and 13 forms belonging to 20 genera were identified．Among these,two species,seven varieties and two forms are new to science**,and 12 species,25 varieties and five forms are recorded for the first time in China．The dominant species with frequent occurrence were 11 species and one variety in four seasons． The result of counting and analysing the samples collected in different seasons (six times for each) shows that the number of the taxa of Desmids in summer (June and August)was the highest,that in autumn and winter (September,October and December) the next,and that in spring (April) is the lowest．Fourty five of 252 desmids taxa are tropical and subtropical,among which 19 are either endemic to or common in S and SE Asia． The desmid flora of Wuhan district is therefore subtropical in nature and closely related to the S and     

武汉城市圈政府对公立医院卫生补偿的现状分析

通过对武汉城市圈公立医院补偿现状分析，明确其存在的问题，并提出政策建议。应采取的对策是保证政府投入，改变财政补助方式，加强医院管理提高运行效率。     

Bats as animal reservoirs for the SARS coronavirus: Hypothesis proved after 10 years of virus hunting

Recently,the team led by Dr.Zhengli Shi from Wuhan Institute of Virology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,and Dr.Peter Daszak from Ecohealth Alliance identified SL-CoVs in Chinese horseshoe bats that were 95%identical to human SARS-CoV and were able to use human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 （ACE2） receptor for docking and entry.Remarkably,they isolated the first known live bat SL-CoV that replicates in human     

Detection of Circulating Tumor Cells and Circulating Tumor Microemboli in Gastric Cancer

PURPOSE: Gastric cancer studies indicated a potential correlation between circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in peripheral blood and tumor relapse/metastasis. The prevalence and significance of circulating tumor microemboli (CTM) in gastric cancer remain unknown. We investigated the prevalence and prognostic value of CTCs and CTM for progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in gastric cancer patients. METHODS:Eighty-one gastric cancer patients consented to provide 5 ml of peripheral blood before systematic therapy. CTCs and CTM were isolated using isolation by size of epithelial tumor cells and characterized by cytopathologists. For 41 stage IV gastric cancer patients, CTM was investigated as a potential biomarker to predict prognosis. RESULTS:CTCs were detected in 51 patients; the average count was 1.81. In clinical stage I, II, III, and IV patients, the average CTC counts were 1.40, 0.67, 1.24, and 2.71, respectively. CTM were detected in 3 of 33 clinical stage I to IIIb patients, at an average of 0.12 (0-2). CTM were detected in 13 of 53 clinical stage IIIc to IV patients, at an average of 1.26 (0-22). In stage IV patients, CTM positivity correlated with the CA125 level. PFS and OS in CTM-positive patients were significantly lower than in CTM-negative patients (P < .001). CTM positivity was an independent factor for determining the PFS (P = .016) and OS (P = .003) of stage IV patients in multivariate analysis. Using markers of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, single CTCs were divided into three phenotypes including epithelial CTCs, biphenotypic epithelial/mesenchymal CTCs, and mesenchymal CTCs. For CTM, CK?/Vimentin+/CD45? and CK+/Vimentin+/CD45? phenotypes were observed, but the CK+/Vimentin?/CD45? CTM phenotype was not. CA125 was detected in gastric cancer cell lines BGC823 and MGC803. CONCLUSIONS: In stage IV patients, CTM positivity was correlated with serum CA125 level. CTM were an independent predictor of shorter PFS and OS in stage IV patients. Thus, CTM detection may be a useful tool to predict prognosis in stage IV patients.