A short synthesis of d-glycero-d-manno-heptose 7-phosphate

d-glycero-d-manno-Heptopyranose 7-phosphate—an intermediate in the biosynthesis of nucleotide-activated heptoses—has been prepared in good overall yield from benzyl 5,6-dideoxy-2,3-O-isopropylidene-α-d-lyxo-(Z)-hept-5-enofuranoside by a short-step synthesis. Phosphitylation using the phosphoramidite procedure followed by in situ oxidation afforded the corresponding 7-O-phosphotriester derivative in high yield. Subsequent osmylation proceeded in good diastereoselectivity (4:1) to furnish the d-glycero-d-manno-configured derivative, which was separated from the l-glycero-l-gulo-isomer by chromatography. Hydrogenolysis led to simultaneous removal of the benzyl and isopropylidene groups and afforded the target compound in high yield, which serves as a substrate of bacterial heptose 7-phosphate kinases.     

百合花瓣总RNA提取方法的研究

以亚洲百合品种Pollyanna和东方百合品种Sorbonne为试材,在比较异硫氰酸胍法、SDS/酚法与CTAB-L i Cl法提取总RNA效果的基础上,针对百合组织中富含多糖的特点,在Sorbonne提取RNA中加入特殊除多糖步骤,改进了CTAB- L i Cl法.结果表明,改进CTAB- L i Cl法能有效去除多糖,提取到的RNA2 8S r RNA亮度约为18S r RNA的2倍,A2 6 0 / 2 80介于1.8～2 .0之间,A2 6 0 / 2 30为2 .0 ,Pollyanna RNA产率为36 .3μL·g- 1 ,Sor-bonne RNA产率为10 .2 μL·g- 1 ,经RT- PCR获得了特异性条带,说明用改进CTAB- L i Cl法从百合花瓣中提取到的RNA质量好、产率高、完整性强,完全适合于进一步的分子生物学研究.     

马齿苋多糖对S180荷瘤小鼠免疫功能的影响

本文探讨马齿苋多糖对S180荷瘤小鼠免疫功能的影响。马齿苋采用水提醇沉法得到马齿苋多糖,分别以50、100、200mg／kg通过腹腔给药10d,观察马齿苋多糖对S180荷瘤小鼠的抑瘤作用及对小鼠淋巴细胞转化功能、腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬能力、白介素-l（IL-1）和白介素-2（IL-2）生成量的影响。结果显示,马齿苋多糖对S180荷瘤小鼠有明显的抑瘤作用,抑瘤率分别为16．92％、51．45％和64．96％。不同剂量马齿苋多糖与对照组相比可明显促进淋巴细胞的转化、小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬能力,可有效的增加荷瘤小鼠脾淋巴细胞的转化和腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬能力以及白介素-1（IL-1）和白介素-2（IL-2）的分泌。说明马齿苋多糖对S180荷瘤小鼠具有显著的抗肿瘤作用,其作用机制与增强小鼠免疫作用有关。     

Effect of Mannitol from Laminaria japonica, other Sugar Alcohols, and Marine Alga Polysaccharides on in vitro Hyphal Growth of Gigaspora margarita and Root Colonization of Trifoliate Orange

A compound that stimulated the growth of an arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus was isolated from 75% methyl alcohol (MeOH) extracts of a brown alga, Laminaria japonica Areschoug, using high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). This compound (Compound 1) was identified as mannitol by HPLC and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Compound 1 and purchased polysaccharides (alginic acid, fucoidan, carrageenan and mannan from marine algae) were tested for in vitro hyphal growth of an AM fungus, Gigaspora margarita Becker and Hall. Compound 1 (50–500 mg L⁻¹) and carrageenan (1000 mg L⁻¹) significantly stimulated the hyphal growth of germinating spores of Gi. margarita. The application of 100 mg L⁻¹ of Compound 1 to trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata Raf.) inoculated with Gi. margarita promoted root colonization and increased plant growth. These results suggest low concentrations of mannitol are among the reasons for enhanced hyphal growth and root colonization by the application of algal extracts. Other sugar alcohols (100–300 mg L⁻¹ of xylitol, sorbitol and meso-erythritol) also increased the hyphal growth of Gi. margarita.     

不同黄芪品种根中多糖的动态积累及多糖含量比较研究

多糖是药用黄芪根中的主要有效成分之一。本研究分析测定了分属于膜荚黄芪(Astragalus membranaceus)和蒙古黄芪(Astragalus membranaceus var.mongolicus)的6个品种在不同时期根中多糖含量的变化以及采收期根中多糖含量的差异和可溶性糖含量的变化。结果表明:各品种均从8月开始根中多糖迅速积累,至受霜害时多糖含量达到最高,受霜害后多糖含量迅速下降,可溶性糖含量上升;在初霜降时(10月4日)6个品种中以旬邑野生膜荚黄芪多糖含量最高。因此8月至初霜降是黄芪多糖积累的主要时期,黄芪的最佳采收期为初霜降前后。而旬邑野生膜荚黄芪是多糖含量较高的优良品种。     

猴头菌丝多糖降血糖作用研究

目的:研究猴头菌丝多糖的降血糖作用。方法:以液体发酵生产的猴头菌丝体为原料,经热水浸提、浓缩、酒精沉淀获得菌丝粗多糖;以常规降糖药物格列本脲为阳性治疗对照,通过四氧嘧啶诱发小鼠糖尿病的预防试验,比较猴头菌丝多糖各剂量与格列本脲的降血糖效果。结果:猴头菌丝多糖得率为7.14%,粗多糖再经Sevage法去除蛋白质,获得猴头菌丝精多糖(HMP),得率为10.92%;猴头多糖高、中、低三个剂量均能有效的对抗四氧嘧啶诱发的高血糖;其中,高剂量的降血糖作用与格列本脲相比,差异极显著。结论:猴头菌丝多糖对四氧嘧啶型高血糖模型小鼠有降血糖作用,作用效果优于格列本脲,对糖尿病小鼠的胰腺具有一定的保护作用。     

木立芦荟多糖提取的工艺优化及其清除活性氧自由基的研究

对影响木立芦荟多糖提取的温度、时间和乙醇浓度3个因素进行L9(33)正交试验,分析其主要影响因素并对提取多糖进行活性测定。结果表明:提取温度显著影响多糖得率,最佳工艺条件为提取温度85℃、乙醇体积分数80%,时间1 h。用过硫酸铵/N,N,N,,N,-四甲基乙二胺(AP/TEMED)体系产生的氧自由基O2-.对在最佳工艺条件下得到的多糖进行活性氧自由基清除研究,发现其具有较高的清除能力。     

Crystal structure of the capsular polysaccharide synthesizing protein CapE of Staphylococcus aureus

Enzymes synthesizing the bacterial CP (capsular polysaccharide) are attractive antimicrobial targets. However, we lack critical information about the structure and mechanism of many of them. In an effort to reduce that gap, we have determined three different crystal structures of the enzyme CapE of the human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. The structure reveals that CapE is a member of the SDR (short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase) super-family of proteins. CapE assembles in a hexameric complex stabilized by three major contact surfaces between protein subunits. Turnover of substrate and/or coenzyme induces major conformational changes at the contact interface between protein subunits, and a displacement of the substrate-binding domain with respect to the Rossmann domain. A novel dynamic element that we called the latch is essential for remodelling of the protein–protein interface. Structural and primary sequence alignment identifies a group of SDR proteins involved in polysaccharide synthesis that share the two salient features of CapE: the mobile loop (latch) and a distinctive catalytic site (MxxxK). The relevance of these structural elements was evaluated by site-directed mutagenesis.     

The comparison of immune-enhancing activity of sulfated polysaccharidses from Tremella and Condonpsis pilosula

Based on our previous research, four sulfated polysaccharide (sPSs) from Tremella and Condonpsis pilosula, sTPS_tp, sTPS_70c, sCPPS_tp and sCPPS_50c, were prepared and their effects on splenic lymphocytes proliferation in vitro and the immune response of ND vaccine in chicken were compared taking the unmodified polysaccharide (uPS) TPS_tp as control. The results showed that four sPSs could significantly or numerically stimulate splenic lymphocyte proliferation singly or synergistically with LPS in vitro, sTPS_70c and sCPPS_tp demonstrated better effect; promote peripheral lymphocytes proliferation and enhance serum HI antibody titer in chickens vaccinated with ND vaccine, the actions of sPSs were stronger than that of uPS, and sTPS_70c at medium dosage presented the best efficacy. These indicated that sulfation modification could improve the immune-enhancing activity of TPS and CPPS, sTPS_70c possessed the strongest activity and would be expected as a component of new-type immunopotentiator.     

Polarographic Studies on Fat-soluble Vitamins in Nonaqueous Media

Vitamin D₂ and vitamin D_s gave a single reduction-wave, respectively, in polarography in acetonitrile containing 0.05 M-tetrabutylammonium iodide. The eduction-wave of vitamin D_s was indistinguishable from that of vitamin D₂, whose half-wave potentials were evaluated identically at -2.1₀ V vs. Hg. Proportionalities between wave-height and concentration were held in the concentration range fronl 4× 10^-4 M (ca. 6000 IU·ml^-1) to 1.2×10 M (ca. 18000 IUD·ml^-1)

In both cases, the conjugated three double-bond system may be reduced to two double-bond system, which corresponds to the third reduction-step of vitamin A.

Ergosterol which has a conjugated two double-bond system and an isolated double-bond gave no reduction-wave under the present conditions.