Ultrasound‐assisted swelling of bacterial cellulose

Bacterial cellulose (BC) was obtained by static cultivation using commercial BC gel from scoby. BC membranes (oven dried and freeze‐dried) were swelled with 8% NaOH, in the absence and in the presence of ultrasound (US), for 30, 60, and 90 min. The influence of swelling conditions on both physico‐chemical properties and molecules entrapment was evaluated. Considering the highest levels of entrapment, an optimum swelling procedure was established: 8% NaOH for 30 min at room temperature in the presence of US. Native and PEGylated laccase from Myceliophthora thermophila was immobilized on BC membranes and a different catalytic behaviour was observed after immobilization. Native laccase presented activity values similar to published reports (5–7 U/gBC) after immobilization whereas PEGylated enzymes showed much lower activity (1–2 U/gBC). BC swelled membranes are presented herein as a potential support for the preparation of immobilized enzymes for industrial applications, like phenolics polymerization.     

聚桂醇在治疗下肢静脉曲张中初步临床应用

目的:探讨聚桂醇在治疗下肢大隐静脉曲张中的应用价值。方法:回顾性分析2013年9月-2015年9月医院确诊的下肢大隐静脉曲张患者75例(75条患肢)病例资料,根据治疗方案分为两组,33例(33条患肢)超声引导下注射聚桂醇泡沫硬化剂作为聚桂醇组,42例(42条患肢)行大隐静脉高位结扎+剥脱术作为手术组,记录手术时间、术中出血量、下床活动时间、住院时间、治疗费用及术后并发症发生率,门诊随访术后6、12个月,记录复发率。结果:聚桂醇组手术时间、下床活动时间均短于手术组,术中出血量、住院费用少于手术组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);聚桂醇组皮下血肿、皮肤麻木感发生率明显低于手术组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);聚桂醇组12个月复发率为12.12%低于手术组的33.33%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:聚桂醇泡沫硬化剂注射是治疗下肢大隐静脉曲张的可选疗法。     

Optimization of extraction method for LC–MS based determination of phenolic acid profiles in different Impatiens species

The main aim of presented study was the comparison of various extraction methods for the quantitative and qualitative analysis (LC-ESI–MS/MS) of phenolic acids present in extracts obtained from leaves, flowers, and roots of Impatiens glandulifera. The accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) at three temperature ranges (80° C, 100° C, and 120° C), ultrasound assisted extraction (USAE) at 60° C, and traditional extraction in Soxhlet apparatus were used. Taking into account the extraction yield, and the diversity of the individual compounds, ultrasound assisted extraction proved to be the most efficient method, and it was used to determine the content of phenolic acids in leaves of four other Impatiens species, including I. balsamina, I. noli-tangere, I. parviflora, and I. walleriana. Eleven phenolic acids were identified in all examined species. These were protocatechuic, gentisic, 4- hydroxybenzoic, vanillic, trans-caffeic, syringic, trans-p-coumaric, trans- and cis-ferulic, salicylic, and 3-hydroxycinnamic acids. In the extract from the leaves of I. balsamina and I. walleriana, gallic and cis-p-coumaric acids were found additionally. The most abundant compounds in all examined extracts were protocatechuic and 3-hydroxycinnamic acids. The latest acid was found in the highest yield in I. noli-tangere (266.12 μg/g DW). In the leaves of I. glandulifera a great amount of 4-hydroxybenzoic (41.44 μg/g DW), vanillic (61.50 μg/g DW), and trans-p-coumaric (58.42 μg/g DW) acids was also observed. Our results indicate that protocatechuic, 4-hydroxybenzoic, vanillic, trans-p-coumaric, trans-ferulic, and 3-hydroxycinnamic acids were most characteristic of Impatiens species.Additionally, various phenolic-rich extracts from leaves, flowers, and roots of Impatiens glandulifera were tested for antioxidant activity. The highest antiradical activity was detected for roots using Soxhlet extraction (EC50 = 0.055 mg [DE/ml]).The study demonstrated that members of the genus Impatiens, and in particular Impatiens glandulifera, and Impatiens noli-tangere, contain significant amounts of phenolic acids. In addition, extracts from various parts of I. glandulifera could be interesting as novel sources of natural antioxidants.     

Computer aided diagnosis of Coronary Artery Disease,Myocardial Infarction and carotid atherosclerosis using ultrasound images: A review

The diagnosis of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), Myocardial Infarction (MI) and carotid atherosclerosis is of paramount importance, as these cardiovascular diseases may cause medical complications and large number of death. Ultrasound (US) is a widely used imaging modality, as it captures moving images and image features correlate well with results obtained from other imaging methods. Furthermore, US does not use ionizing radiation and it is economical when compared to other imaging modalities. However, reading US images takes time and the relationship between image and tissue composition is complex. Therefore, the diagnostic accuracy depends on both time taken to read the images and experience of the screening practitioner. Computer support tools can reduce the inter-operator variability with lower subject specific expertise, when appropriate processing methods are used. In the current review, we analysed automatic detection methods for the diagnosis of CAD, MI and carotid atherosclerosis based on thoracic and Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS). We found that IVUS is more often used than thoracic US for CAD. But for MI and carotid atherosclerosis IVUS is still in the experimental stage. Furthermore, thoracic US is more often used than IVUS for computer aided diagnosis systems.     

高强度聚焦超声换能器温度场的数值仿真

相控阵高强度聚焦超声换能器可以通过换能器上不同阵元发射超声波的时间不同来实现变焦、多焦点。该论文应用Westervelt方程的近似式,结合Pennes热传导方程,以人体乳房为例,FDTD(finite difference time domain)仿真对比研究平面阵列相控聚焦换能器与曲面阵列相控聚焦换能器形成温度场的特性,同时数值仿真研究不同占空比的正弦激励函数、不同治疗频率、声强对曲面阵列相控聚焦换能器超声温度场的影响。研究结果表明曲面阵列相控聚焦换能器能有效地减少皮肤处的温升,对皮肤的伤害较小;对于曲面阵列相控聚焦换能器,不同占空比的正弦激励函数形成的可治疗区域(60℃以上)大小差别不大,但最高温度不同;随着频率升高,形成的可治疗区域体积减小;随着输入声强的增大,可治疗区域变大,但焦距不变。     

Comparison of accuracy of ultrasonography, progesterone, and pregnancy-associated glycoprotein tests for pregnancy diagnosis in semidomesticated reindeer

The aim of the study was to compare transrectal ultrasound with progesterone (P4) and pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAGs) as pregnancy detection methods for semidomesticated reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) in field conditions. Female reindeer (n = 195) were scanned transrectally by a 7.5-MHz linear array transducer, and blood was sampled either in December 2005 (n = 33), December 2006 (n = 92), or January 2007 (n = 70) during early or mid gestation. Plasma levels of P4 and PAGs were assessed by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Based on calving records, the sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and the overall accuracy of the three tests were calculated. The overall calving rate calculated from the calving records was 86.2%. The overall accuracy of transrectal ultrasound was 99.5%. The sensitivity and specificity of transrectal ultrasound were 99.4% and 100%, respectively. In the plasma P4 test, the threshold level of 5.0 nmol/L gave the highest overall accuracy (94.9%). The sensitivity of the P4 test decreased from 96.4% to 81.5%, when the threshold level increased from 5.0 nmol/L to 8.0 nmol/L, while the specificity remained at 85.2% over the range of these cutoff values. The overall accuracy of the plasma PAG test decreased from 96.4% to 64.1% when the plasma PAG threshold level increased from 0.5 ng/mL to 3.5 ng/mL, whereas sensitivity decreased from 99.4% to 58.3%. Specificity increased from 77.8% to 100% when the plasma PAG threshold level reached 3.0 ng/mL. Transrectal ultrasound showed higher diagnostic values than those of plasma P4-RIA and PAG-RIA in diagnosing pregnancy of reindeer, with the advantage that diagnoses can be made in real time in field conditions.     

老年慢性心力衰竭患者肿瘤坏死因子、脑钠肽水平变化及其相关性分析*

摘要目的：探讨老年慢性心力衰竭（CHF）肿瘤坏死因子琢（TNF-α）以及脑利钠肽水平的变化,并对其进行相关性分析。方法：选 择老年CHF患者59 例,根据心功能分级,Ⅱ级19 例,Ⅲ级25 例,Ⅳ级15 例;另选心功能正常的老年人36例。所有入选者予以血 清BNP、TNF-α测定,并采用彩色多普勒超声测定左心室舒张末内径并计算左室射血分数（LVEF）。结果：与对照组比较,CHF组 心功能Ⅲ、Ⅳ级患者TNα-琢水平明显升高（P＜0.05）,心功能Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ级患者血BNP水平明显升高（P＜0.05）,并随心功能分级加 重而增加。血TNF-α水平与BNP 呈正相关（r=0.57,P＜0.05）。CHF患者中血清TNF-α和BNP 水平与LVEF比较均呈负相关 （r=-0.48, r=-0.64, P＜0.05）。结论：老年CHF患者血TNF-α显著升高,并与BNP及LVEF关系密切,是反应CHF患者心功能恶化 的重要预测指标。     

超声介入治疗常见妇科囊性炎症包块的疗效评价*

摘要目的：比较超声引导介入治疗盆腔脓肿、输卵管积脓、输卵管积液、包裹性积液及宫颈囊肿的临床效果,了解超声引导介入 治疗常见的妇科囊性炎症包块的临床价值。方法：选取我院妇科门诊2007 年1 月～2011 年3月收治的常见妇科囊性炎症包块共 108例,其中盆腔脓肿11 例、输卵管积脓19 例、输卵管积液43 例、盆腔包裹性积液31 例、宫颈囊肿4 例,给予超声实时引导抽囊 液、甲硝唑冲洗治疗,治疗后3 个月内复查超声评价和比较疗效。结果：盆腔脓肿、输卵管积脓、盆腔包裹性积液包块均明显缩小 (12/43)或消失(29/43),治疗有效率100%;输卵管积液包块治疗有效率95％(41/43),宫颈囊肿均痊愈。各组间比较无统计学差异 （P>0.05）。结论：超声引导介入治疗对输卵管积脓、盆腔脓肿、盆腔包裹性积液均有显著的疗效,且治疗效果无差异,值得推广应 用,代替传统的非必要的手术治疗。     

超声分子成像的研究进展

超声成像无创、无放射性、低成本、实时成像的优点,使其成为目前世界上应用最广的成像手段之一。特别是超声造影剂引入之后,超声成像的图像分辨率和灵敏度得到了大大提高,使超声成像在临床上得到了进一步应用。近年来,随着分子生物学和超声成像技术的不断发展,人们提出了"超声分子成像"的概念。它是一项结合了分子靶向造影剂和超声影像技术的能在分子水平下观察病理变化的新兴技术,目前这一技术还处于研究初期阶段。但大量临床前的研究成果已表明超声分子成像在诊断血管生成、炎症和血栓三种疾病具有很大应用前景。本文主要综述了目前常用超声造影剂的种类以及超声分子成像技术的研究现状,并对该技术进行了讨论和展望。     

超声心动图对高血压心室肥厚患者左心功能的评价及意义

目的:本研究利用超声心动图检测高血压心室肥厚患者左心房结构,探讨当左心结构发生变化时心脏功能所受到的影响,为高血压及其并发症的临床诊断提供检测及诊断参考。方法:选取2011年5月-2013年1月在我院接受检查的高血压心室肥厚患者76例作为观察组,另选取同期经体检的健康人群60例为健康对照组,利用超声心动图观察左心功能和结构,比较两组研究对象的左心房内径(LAD)、心肌质量(LVMM)、舒张末容积(LVEDV)、收缩末容积(LVESV)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)及二尖瓣口舒张末期流速比值(E/A)。结果:两组间心室收缩功能无显著性差异(P0.05);高血压组LAD高于对照组,LVEF及E/A低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);高血压Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期患者间比较,左房内径随血压的升高逐渐递增,而左心室射血分数和二尖瓣口舒张期流速比值则逐渐递减,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:超声心动图可以直观的显示高血压心室肥厚患者左心功能及血流动力学的变化,对临床诊断具有积极的意义。