小茴香挥发油的抗炎镇痛作用

目的：研究小茴香挥发油的抗炎、镇痛作用,为指导临床合理用药提供科学依据。方法：应用二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀、蛋清致大鼠足肿胀2种动物模型进行抗炎药效学实验;采用醋酸致小鼠扭体反应进行镇痛实验。结果：小茴香挥发油能显著抑制上述各种动物模型的炎症反应及醋酸引起的小鼠扭体反应。结论：小茴香挥发油具有抗炎和镇痛作用。     

枣种质缩果病抗性多样性研究

为充分发掘抗缩果病枣种质资源,对保存于河北沧县（2006年~2009年,77个品种）及山西太原（2006年~2007年,53个品种）和山西太谷（2006年,231个品种）的共268个枣品种资源进行了田间缩果病抗性调查。结果表明,枣品种间缩果病抗性差异显著,其中病果率变幅为0%~66.18%、变异系数为2.01,病情指数变幅为0%~55.06%、变异系数为2.46;同一品种的发病程度因年份和地点不同而有明显差异。根据在发病严重的沧县枣资源圃连续4年（2006~2009）的观测结果,枣品种的缩果病抗性可分为高抗、抗病、中抗、感病和高感5类,相应的平均缩果率分别为5%以下、5%~10%、10%~15%、15%~25%和25%以上;在沧县的77个品种中,表现高抗、抗病、中抗、感病、高感的品种分别占调查总数的80.52%,2.60%,7.79%,6.49%和2.60%。在我国主栽枣树品种中,金丝小枣、圆铃枣、长红、冬枣等为高抗品种,婆枣、壶瓶枣为高感品种。本研究表明,我国有着非常丰富的抗缩果病枣树种质资源。     

小茴香挥发油的抗炎镇痛作用

目的:研究小茴香挥发油的抗炎、镇痛作用,为指导临床合理用药提供科学依据。方法:应用二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀、蛋清致大鼠足肿胀2种动物模型进行抗炎药效学实验;采用醋酸致小鼠扭体反应进行镇痛实验。结果:小茴香挥发油能显著抑制上述各种动物模型的炎症反应及醋酸引起的小鼠扭体反应。结论:小茴香挥发油具有抗炎和镇痛作用。     

Analysis of the tomato fruit growth response to temperature and plant fruit load in relation to cell division, cell expansion and DNA endoreduplication

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: To better understand the regulation of fruit growth in response to environmental factors, the effects of temperature and plant fruit load on cell number, cell size and DNA endoreduplication were analysed. METHODS: Plants were grown at 20/20 degrees C, 25/25 degrees C and 25/20 degrees C day/night temperatures, and inflorescences were pruned to two ('2F') or five ('5F') flowers. KEY RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Despite a lower fruit growth rate at 20/20 degrees C, temperature did not affect final fruit size because of the compensation between cell number and size. The higher cell number at 20/20 degrees C (9.0 x 10(6) against 7.9 x 10(6) at 25/25 degrees C and 7.7 x 10(6) at 25/20 degrees C) resulted from an extended period of cell division, and the smaller cell size was due to a shorter period of expansion rather than a lower expansion rate. By contrast, the lower fruit growth rate and size of 5F fruits compared with 2F fruits resulted from the slow down of cell expansion, whereas the number of cells was hardly affected in the proximal fruit. However, within the inflorescence the decreasing gradient of fruit size from proximal to distal fruits was due to a decrease in cell number with similar cell size. Fruit size variations within each treatment were always positively correlated to variations in cell number, but not in cell size. Negative correlations between cell size and cell number suggested that cells of tomato pericarp can be seen as a population of competing sinks. Mean ploidy was slightly delayed and reduced in 5F fruits compared with 2F fruits. It was highest at 25/25 degrees C and lowest at 25/20 degrees C. Treatments did not affect ploidy and cell size in similar ways, but within each treatment, positive correlations existed between mean ploidy and cell size, though significant only in the 2F-25/20 treatment.     

Molecular evidence of sorbitol dehydrogenase in tomato, a non-Rosaceae plant

The enzyme NAD-dependent sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) is well characterized in the Rosaceae family of fruit trees, which synthesizes sorbitol as a translocatable photosynthate. Expressed sequence tags of SDH-like sequences have also been generated from various non-Rosaceae species that do not synthesize sorbitol as a primary photosynthetic product, but the physiological roles of the encoded proteins in non-Rosaceae plants are unknown. Therefore, we isolated an SDH-like cDNA (SDL) from tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). Genomic Southern blot analysis suggested that SDL exists in the tomato genome as a single-copy gene. Northern blot analysis showed that SDL is ubiquitously expressed in tomato plants. Recombinant SDL protein was produced and purified for enzymatic characterization. SDL catalyzed the interconversion of sorbitol and fructose with NAD (H). SDL showed highest activity for sorbitol among the several substrates tested. SDL showed no activity with NADP+. Thus, SDL was identified as a SDH, although the Km values and substrate specificity of SDL were significantly different from those of SDH purified from the Japanese pear (Pyrus pyrifolia), a Rosaceae fruit tree. In addition, tomato was transformed with antisense SDL to evaluate the contribution of SDL to SDH activity in tomato. The transformation decreased SDH activity to approximately 50% on average. Taken together, these results provide molecular evidence of SDH in tomato, and SDL was renamed LeSDH.     

Activities of de-N-glycosylation are ubiquitously found in tomato plant

Activities of two de-N-glycosylation enzymes, PNGase (peptide N ⁴(N-acetyl-glucosaminyl)asparagine amidase) and ENGase (endo N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase), involved in the release of N-glycans from N-glycoproteins, were monitored in several organs of tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum, Mill., cv. Dombito) with a fluorescence-HPLC procedure using a resofurin-labelled N-glycopeptide substrate. PNGase and ENGase activities were detected in every organ assayed but with quantitative differences. The highest activities were found in the youngest parts of the plant, i.e. apical buds, flowers and leaf blades. PNGase activities were consistently higher than ENGase activities (three-fold in average). Both de-N-glycosylation activities were associated with high levels of proteins and protease activities. During fruit growth and ripening, these three parameters decreased notably. The ubiquitous detection of these enzyme activities in the different organs is probably associated with the previously characterized unconjugated N-glycans in tomato. The possible role of PNGase and ENGase degradation products (i.e. unconjugated N-glycans) are discussed in relation with their biological functions in plant development.     

仙客来组织培养中再生器官类型及增殖稳定性比较

对'胜利女神'(Cyclamen persicum cv.'Victoria')和'大红'(C.persicum cv.'Dahong')两个仙客来品种成苗叶片诱导的愈伤组织,在6-BA与NAA配合的12个分化培养基上继代培养,第一次继代主要产生大量的不定芽芽点,从第二次继代后会得到5种类型的再生器官,分别为不定芽芽点、多芽球茎、多芽新梢、单芽球茎和叶片状芽丛.通过对不同再生器官增殖稳定性的试验表明,'大红'品种的多芽球和多芽新梢在继代培养中再生相同器官的稳定性比较强,由于多芽球茎的增殖率大于多芽新梢,在继代中选择多芽球茎为再生体系较理想;不定芽芽点在以后的继代中会分散产生各种再生器官,不宜作为增殖器官;单芽球茎和叶片状芽丛继代分散性强,为不正常再生器官.'胜利女神'品种多芽球茎和多芽新梢继代的稳定性比'大红'品种差,易于产生多种不正常器官.     

激素对樱桃番茄两种外植体诱导再生植株的影响

以 MS为基本培养基 ,附加不同浓度的 6-BA、IAA和 NAA培养樱桃番茄两种外植体以诱导再生植株。结果表明 :含 NAA的 MS+6-BA2 mg/L(单位下同 ) +NAA0 .2培养基诱导的叶片愈伤组织 ,经继续培养无芽的分化 ,含 IAA的 MS+6-BA2 +IAA0 .2培养基诱导的愈伤组织 ,经继续培养诱导芽的分化 ;含 NAA或IAA的 MS+6-BA2 +NAA0 .2和 MS+6-BA2 +IAA0 .2培养基利于下胚轴愈伤组织的诱导 ,而不含生长素的 MS+6-BA1 .0培养基可直接诱导芽的分化。     

Photocontrol of anthocyanin biosynthesis in tomato

Juvenile anthocyanin biosynthesis has been studied in dark-grown seedlings of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) wild types (WTs) and photomorphogenic mutants. During a subsequent 24-hr period of monochromatic irradiation at different fluence rates of red light (R) the fluence-rate response relationships for induction of anthocyanin in all the WTs are similar, yet complex, showing a response at low fluence rates (LFRR) followed by a fluence rate-dependent high irradiance response (HIR). In the hypocotyl this response is restricted to the sub-epidermal layer of cells. The high-pigment-1 (hp-1) mutant exhibits a strong amplification of both response components. Theatroviolacea (atv) mutant shows strongest amplification of the HIR component. In contrast, a transgenic line overexpressing an oat phytochrome A gene (PHYA3 ⁺) shows a most dramatic amplification of the LFRR component. The far-red light (FR)-insensitive (fri) mutant, deficient in phytochrome A (phyA), lacks the LFRR component whilst retaining a normal HIR. The temporarily R-insensitive (tri) mutant, deficient in phytochrome B1 (phyB1) retains the LFRR, but lacks the HIR. Thehp-1,fri andhp-1,tri double mutant, exhibit amplified, yet qualitatively similar responses to the monogenicfri andtri mutants. Thefri,tri double mutant lacks both response components in R, but a residual response to blue light (B) remains. Similarly, theaurea (au) mutant deficient in phytochrome chromophore biosynthesis and presumably all phytochromes, lacks both response components in the R and FR regions of the spectrum. Experiments at other wavelengths demonstrate that while there is only a small response in the FR spectral region (729 nm) in tomato, there is an appreciable HIR response in the near FR at 704 nm, which is retained in thetri mutant. This suggests that the labile phyA pool participates in the HIR at this wavelength. The intense pigmentation (Ip) mutant appears to be specifically deficient in the B1 induced anthocyanin biosynthesis. Adult plants, grown under fluorescent light/dark cycles, show a reduction of anthocyanin content of young developing leaves upon application of supplemtary or end-of-day FR. The involvement of different phytochrome species in anthocyanin biosynthesis based on micro-injection studies into theau mutant and studies using type specific phytochrome mutants is discussed.     

Cryopreservation of photosynthetic plant cell suspension cultures

Attempts were made to cryopreserve in liquid nitrogen six different photomixotrophic suspension cultured lines of five different species:Amaranthus powellii Wats.,Datura innoxia Mill.,Glycine max (L.) Merr.,Gossypium hirsutum L. andNicotiana tabacum xNicotiana glutinosa L. fusion hybrid. Only theD. innoxia line, DAT, and theG. max line, SB1, could be successfully recovered as viable, growing, dark green cultures. The successful method utilized a preculture treatment of from 2 to 8 days in a medium containing 3% starch and 3% sorbitol for DAT and 3% sucrose and 3% sorbitol for SB1 cells. The cells survived if frozen with 10% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and 9.1% sorbitol or with 10% DMSO and 8% sucrose. Following a programmed slow-cooling, the cells were thawed in a 40° C bath and could be recovered directly when added to fresh liquid medium. Cryostorage of these lines will save labor and prevent further genetic changes from occurring in these unique suspension cultures.