A Putative Calcium-Permeable Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Channel, CNGC18, Regulates Polarized Pollen Tube Growth

A tip-focused Ca^2＋ gradient is tightly coupled to polarized pollen tube growth, and tip-localized influxes of extracellular Ca^2＋ are required for this process. However the molecular identity and regulation of the potential Ca^2＋ channels remains elusive. The present study has implicated CNGC18 （cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 18） in polarized pollen tube growth, because its overexpression induced wider and shorter pollen tubes. Moreover, CNGC18 overexpression induced depolarization of pollen tube growth was suppressed by lower extracellular calcium （[Ca^2＋]ex）. CNGC18-yellow fluorescence protein （YFP） was preferentially localized to the apparent post-Golgi vesicles and the plasma membrane （PM） in the apex of pollen tubes. The PM localization was affected by tip-localized ROP1 signaling. Expression of wild type ROP1 or an active form of ROP1 enhanced CNGC18-YFP localization to the apical region of the PM, whereas expression of RopGAP1 （a ROP1 deactivator） blocked the PM localization. These results support a role for PM-Iocalized CNGC18 in the regulation of polarized pollen tube growth through its potential function in the modulation of calcium influxes.     

Effects of peach branches returning on autotoxins and microbes in soil and tree growth of peaches

Aims This study aimed to investigate the effects of branch returning on the growth of peach (Amygdalus persica "Chunmei/Maotao") saplings, soil enzyme activity, and soil contents of phenolic acids and amygdalin, thereby providing scientific evidence against the application of branch returning for peach trees. Methods One-year-old potted peach tree (Amygdalus persica "Chunmei/Maotao") was used in this study with four agricultural treatments applied, including soil coverage by fragmented peach tree branches (fragment treatment;1.5 and 22.5 g·kg^-1) and applying leachate solutions of peach tree branches to soil (leachate treatment; 1.5 and 22.5 g·kg^-1). No branch addition was used as control (CK). Solid phase extraction, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), biological high-throughput sequencing was used to determine the content of autotoxic substances, and microbial community structure in soil. Soil coverage and leachate solution treatments of 30 g and 450 g branches applied to the peach trees were described as 1.5 and 22.5 g·kg^-1, respectively in this paper.Important findings Compared with CK, the phenolic acid and amygdalin contents significantly increased after both fragment and leachate treatments in high quantities (22.5 g·kg^-1). Soil microbial community structure altered in both treatments, with the proportion of fungi (particularly Agaricomycetes, Tubeufia and Cystofilobasidiaceae) increased significantly and bacteria decreased accordingly. Invertase activity in both high-quantity treatments exceeded that in the CK significantly. The activity of catalase and urease was higher at first and then decreased relative to CK under high-quantity fragment and leachate treatments. Specifically, the effect of leachate treatment on enzyme activity was higher than the fragment treatment in the short term. Chlorophyll content, ground diameter (diameter of 5 cm from the ground) growth and net photosynthesis rate of plants were lower in high-quantity fragment and leachate treatments than those in CK, with earlier retardation of new shoot growth. We observed an increase in soil phenolic acids and enzymes in treatments in normal pruning quantity, while no inhibition effect was found on the tree growth. In conclusion, autotoxins (such as phenolic acid and amygdalin) inhibited the growth of peach trees both directly and indirectly through changing soil enzyme activity and microbial community.     

杆状病毒包埋型病毒粒子研究进展

杆状病毒是一类专一性感染节肢动物的病原微生物,在其生活周期中产生两种不同形态的病毒粒子,即芽生型病毒粒子和包埋型病毒粒子。自然界中,杆状病毒通过经口感染的方式在其宿主的中肠中建立原发性感染,杆状病毒的包埋型病毒粒子在此过程中发挥关键作用。本文回顾了杆状病毒的基本特性,阐述杆状病毒包埋型病毒粒子的蛋白组成及分类,并着重介绍多粒包埋型病毒粒子的进化及在杆状病毒经口感染过程建立中的意义,对进一步了解杆状病毒的进化历程和侵染机制具有重要的指导意义。     

毛蠓（Clogmia albipunctata）（双翅目,毛蠓科）离心卵之双头端镜映像

低等双翅目昆虫毛蠓卵经离心后产生双头畸型胚胎。与果蝇和另一种毛蠓不同，在７００个离心卵中，没有出现一个双腹畸型胚胎。根据受精后不同时间卵离心实验结果，推断双头畸型形成的敏感期在卵裂中期或更早。对双翅目不同种类昆虫的比较分析结果，为双翅目昆虫进化过程中图式形成机制的岐异提供了资料。     

生姜生长过程中的某些生理指标和生化物质含量变化

1988年测定栽种于山东农业大学蔬菜标本园的生姜(Zingiber officinalis)品种“莱芜片姜”的某些生理指标和生化物质含量变化,得到如下结果,供参考:种姜在萌芽时,其淀粉及干物质含量迅速下降(图1,表1),至盛长期又逐渐回升,可溶性糖呈增加的趋势(表2);新姜(根茎)的淀粉及可溶性糖含量均随生长的进行而增加。这种变化与淀粉酶、转化酶活性变化相协     

北大荒的土

农作物生长的好坏与土壤条件的优劣息息相关。黑龙江垦区土地平坦连片，有机质含量高，土壤肥沃，再加上气候适宜，形成了得天独厚的粮食作物生长环境。     

《自然-医学》：罗格列酮可增加食物摄取量

罗格列酮是一种治疗Ⅱ型糖尿病的药物，但最近因对心脏的副作用而在临床应用中被限制。研究人员如今发现，通过在大脑中的作用，这种药物能增加食物的摄取量并提高肝脏的新陈代谢功能。研究论文发表在《自然-医学》上。     

去种皮对水稻生长的影响

水稻种子去种皮后，种子萌发和禾苗的生长速度减慢，成熟期推迟，分蘖本性丧失。根系受到抑制的程度比地上部分更为严重。B族维生素不能而葡萄糖可以恢复根系的正常生长，米糠提取液则可以恢复苗的正常生长。