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11.
The high frequency of dioecy on oceanic islands such as Hawaii and New Zealand has attracted a great deal of attention from plant evolutionary biologists. One reason suggested for the high prevalence of dioecy on oceanic islands is that taxa considered truly dioecious may have occasional hermaphrodite flowers, i.e., show leaky dioecy. In this study, we quantified the presence and distribution of leaky dioecy in a group of congeneric endemic species of the genus Dombeya (Sterculiaceae) on La Re´union island (Indian Ocean). All eight species show cryptic dioecy. Five species show strict dioecy and three species show leaky dioecy due to the presence of male trees that set fruit. Species with strict dioecy and large populations tend to occur in mid- to high-altitude moist tropical cloud forest, whereas species in smaller populations at lower altitude and in semidry tropical forest tend to show leaky dioecy. Two reasons for this differential distribution of strict dioecy and leaky dioecy are discussed. First, environmental variation along the altitudinal gradient, biotic and/or abiotic, may influence the breeding system. Second, leaky dioecy may be favored in lowland populations due to the small size and disturbed nature of such populations. 相似文献
12.
William S. Alverson Barbara A. Whitlock Reto Nyffeler Clemens Bayer David A. Baum 《American journal of botany》1999,86(10):1474-1486
The monophyly of the group comprising the core malvalean families, Bombacaceae, Malvaceae, Sterculiaceae, and Tiliaceae, was recently confirmed by molecular studies, but the internal structure of this clade is poorly understood. In this study, we examined sequences of the chloroplast ndhF gene (aligned length 2226 bp) from 70 exemplars representing 35 of the 39 putative tribes of core Malvales. The monophyly of one traditional family, the Malvaceae, was supported in the trees resulting from these data, but the other three families, as traditionally circumscribed, are nonmonophyletic. In addition, the following relationships were well supported: (1) a clade, /Malvatheca, consisting of traditional Malvaceae and Bombacaceae (except some members of tribe Durioneae), plus Fremontodendron and Chiranthodendron, which are usually treated as Sterculiaceae; (2) a clade, /Malvadendrina, supported by a unique 21-bp (base pair) deletion and consisting of /Malvatheca, plus five additional subclades, including representatives of Sterculiaceae and Tiliaceae, and Durionieae; (3) a clade, /Byttneriina, with genera traditionally assigned to several tribes of Tiliaceae, plus exemplars of tribes Byttnerieae, Hermannieae, and Lasiopetaleae of Sterculiaceae. The most striking departures from traditional classifications are the following: Durio and relatives appear to be more closely related to Helicteres and Reevesia (Sterculiaceae) than to Bombacaceae; several genera traditionally considered as Bombacaceae (Camptostemon, Matisia, Phragmotheca, and Quararibea) or Sterculiaceae (Chiranthodendron and Fremontodendron) appear as sister lineages to the traditional Malvaceae; the traditional tribe Helictereae (Sterculiaceae) is polyphyletic; and Sterculiaceae and Tiliaceae, as traditionally circumscribed, represent polyphyletic groups that cannot sensibly be maintained with their traditional limits for purposes of classification. We discuss morphological characters and conclude that there has been extensive homoplasy in characters previously used to delineate major taxonomic groups in core Malvales. The topologies here also suggest that /Malvatheca do not have as a synapormophy monothecate anthers, as has been previously supposed but, instead, may be united by dithecate, transversely septate (polysporangiate) anthers, as found in basal members of both /Bombacoideae and /Malvoideae. Thus, “monothecate” anthers may have been derived at least twice, independently, within the /Bombacoideae (core Bombacaceae) and /Malvoideae (traditional Malvaceae). 相似文献
13.
采用DNA分子测序技术对梧桐科5个族30个代表种的rbcL基因及核糖体DNA的内转录间隔区ITS序列(包括ITS1、ITS2和5.8srRNA基因)进行了序列分析。使用PAUP4.0b10软件对序列进行统计和分支分析。用启发式搜索方法寻找最简约树。从严格一致性树来看,梧桐科的全部代表类群主要被分为4支,一支仅为Sterculieae所构成;一支包括Helictereae的全部代表种;一支由Byttnerieae代表种所构成;最后一支由Dombeyeae和单属族翅子树族Pterospermeae所构成。rbcL和ITS系统树的不同仅表现在族内个别代表类群的位置和族的分支方式上。分析结果表明,与Helictereae相比,翅子树属,Pterospermum与Dombeyeae有更近的亲缘关系。然而,在外部形态、内部解剖和胚胎学方面,二者之间又存在诸多差异.故支持将Pterospermum另立为Ptcrospermeae的观点。 相似文献
14.
Laurence J. Dorr 《Brittonia》1993,45(1):32-33
Hitherto “suppressed,”Cacao guianensis, based on a mixture of elements that can be referred to three currently recognized species (i.e.,Theobroma cacao, T. subincanum, andT. velutinum), is lectotypified by Aublet's illustrations of its flowers. This makesC. guianensis a taxonomic synonym ofT. cacao and encourages nomenclatural stability by permitting the continued use ofT. subincanum andT. velutinum. 相似文献
15.
A new bibenzyl, heterophyllic acid (1), and three new phenolic glycosides, heterophylloside A–C (2–4), along with two known phenolic glycosides oldhamioside (5) and 6′-O-vanilloylisotachioside (6) were isolated from Pterospermum heterophyllum. The structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of 1D, 2D NMR, MS spectroscopic analysis, and chemical methods. Their cytotoxic activities against KB and MCF-7 cancer cell lines were evaluated. Compound 2 showed significant cytotoxic activities. 相似文献
16.
Hoelzel SC Vieira ER Giacomelli SR Dalcol II Zanatta N Morel AF 《Phytochemistry》2005,66(10):1163-1167
The chemical investigation of the methanolic extract of the root bark of Waltheria douradinha (Sterculiaceae) afforded an unusual quinolinone alkaloid named waltherione-A (1). Its structure was determined mainly by NMR spectroscopic methods. The antibacterial activity of waltherione-A (1) and the corresponding O-methylated derivative (2) was tested against three gram-negative and three gram-positive bacteria, with only (2) having moderate activity. 相似文献
17.
梧桐科一些属的分类位置探讨 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
梧桐科(Sterculiaceae)是锦葵目中的一个多型科,科的特征比较比样化。自从E.P.Ventenat(1830)建立该科以来,对于该科范围和包含的属种数目,各国学者至今尚存在各种不同的看法。作者认为,火桐属(Erythropsis)应当从梧桐属(Firmiana)中分出成为单独的属;午时花属(Pentapetes)不应归入锦葵科(Malvaceae),应当置于梧桐科;田麻属(Corchor 相似文献
18.
The major flavone in mature cocoa leaves is isovitexin, with smaller amounts of vitexin and 7-O-glucosides of apigenin, luteolin and chrysoeriol. F 相似文献
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20.
Due to the unique floral and pollen morphology of the genus Craigia
its systematic position, whether in the family Sterculiaceae or in the family Tiliaceae,
has often been debated.
In order to add more evidence for solving this problem, a comparative study on
pollen morphology of the genus and 15 species of 3 tiliaceous genera, viz.: Tilia Linn.,
Hainania Merr. and Excentrodendron Chang. et Miau. was carried out under the light
and scanning electron microscope. The result shows that the polarity, the structure
and position of the aperture of Craigia pollen differ from those in Tiliaceae but are
similar to those in Sterculiaceae. From palynology, it is more appropriate to place the
genus under discussion in Sterculiaceae than in Tiliaceae. 相似文献