尾斑瘰螈的核型和C带研究

用常规Giemsa染色和BSG技术研究了尾斑瘰螈的核型和C带。该螈的染色体数 为2n=24,包括9对中部着丝粒染色体和3对亚中部着丝粒染色体(Nos. 7、10、11);BSG显带处理后全部染色体都显示了弱的着丝粒带,同时还显示了46条近着丝粒区插入带; 其核型和C带均不同于已研究过的国内蝾螈科动物,未发现与性别有关的异形色体。     

尾斑瘰螈种群的D-loop区遗传多样性分析

以线粒体DNA D-loop序列为分子标记,研究了采自雷公山和武陵山的尾斑瘰螈(Paramesotriton caudopunclatus)5个种群的遗传多样性.获得42个个体mtDNA D-loop区序列,长度为690 bp,其中有30个变异位点,由此定义了13个单倍型.5个种群中未出现共享单倍型的现象.尾斑瘰螈种群...     

瘰螈属一新种——龙里瘰螈（有尾目：蝾螈科）

在贵州省龙里县水场乡采集到一批瘰螈标本,与瘰螈属已知物种比较后,确定其为一新种,即龙里瘰螈(Paramesotriton longliensis Li,Tian,Gu et Xiong sp.nov)。新种与尾斑瘰螈(Paramesotriton caudopunctatus)相似,但新种由于上鳃骨后端上翘,成体头部后端两侧鳃迹部位各有1个明显突起;体背嵴棱强烈隆起;指、趾两侧无缘膜,指、趾末端有黑色角质鞘;肛后尾的腹鳍褶橘红色,约在1/2处此颜色消失;雄螈尾后段浅紫红色无斑纹。统计并记述了新种的外形、头骨特征、染色体组型、生物学资料。     

浙江省望东垟高山湿地发现橙脊瘰螈（有尾目：蝾螈科）

2017年2月14日,在浙江省丽水市景宁畲族自治县望东垟高山湿地省级自然保护区(28°11′51.72″N,119°49′2.28″E,1 100 m)采集到瘰螈标本5号,通过形态特征测量和描述初步鉴定为橙脊蝾螈(Paramesotriton aurantius),并利用线粒体COⅠ基因序列进行分子鉴定,所采标本鉴定为蝾螈科(Salamandridae)瘰螈属橙脊蝾螈。该物种为浙江省两栖纲新记录种。     

江西省中国瘰螈分布的新记录

江西地区已有两栖动物计2目8科38种(Zhu,1994),其中有尾类已有记录为3种:大鲵(Andriasdavidianus)、东方蝾螈(Cynops orientalis)和肥螈(Paehytriton brevipes)。最近笔者在江西永新县深远山自然保护区陆生脊椎动物调查中,发现了蝾螈科(Salamandridae)瘰螈属(Paramesotrlton)一种有尾类动物,为江西省分布的新记录。现报道如下,作为该物种地理分布的资料参考。1采集时间和地点中国瘰螈[Paramesotriton chinensis(Gary,1895)]标本由宋玉赞采集于2006年5月17日江西省永新县深远山自然保护区船坪附近小溪,海拔352—576m,地理坐标为26°45.1…     

香港瘰螈eDNA引物和TaqMan探针的设计与确认

环境DNA（eDNA）技术是近年来新兴的一种野外水生生物调查方法。本研究旨在设计一组香港瘰螈（Paramesotriton hongkongensis）特异的引物和TaqMan探针并确立此eDNA方法在水样中的实用性,以期进一步调查其野外种群分布。测定11种瘰螈物种的线粒体细胞色素b（Cyt b）基因序列,然后使用Primer Express 3.0软件设计引物和TaqMan探针。通过比对NCBI基因库及进行退火温度梯度测试,验证引物和TaqMan探针的特异性。通过测试不同浓度的引物和TaqMan探针,优化qPCR扩增效率。然后检测养殖不同数量香港瘰螈的水缸水体中eDNA,以评估已建立的qPCR方法灵敏度。同时,测定香港瘰螈eDNA降解速度,以估计其在水中的持续时间。实验结果显示,本研究所设计的引物和探针只对香港瘰螈呈阳性扩增,而对同属的其他10个物种均呈阴性。优化的qPCR效率为93.9%、最低检测浓度为10 DNA拷贝数。已建立的qPCR方法能灵敏地检测出在养殖1只香港瘰螈24 h实验水缸水体的DNA拷贝数为（13.56 ± 3.35）/ml水样。另外,降解实验发现,采用0.45 μm孔径滤膜已有效检测香港瘰螈eDNA并能监测15 d。本研究成功设计并建立了一种能在水环境中检测香港瘰螈是否存在的eDNA技术,以期应用于野外考察。     

Phylogenetic Relationships of the Genus Paramesotriton （Caudata： Salamandridae） with the Description of a New Species from Qixiling Nature Reserve,Jiangxi, Southeastern China and a Key to the species

The matrilineal genealogy of the genus Paramesotriton is hypothesized based on DNA sequences from mitochondrial NADH subunit two （ND2） and its flanking tRNAs （tRN^Arp and a partial tRNA^Ala）. The genealogy identifies a highly divergent, unnamed lineage from Qixiling Nature Reserve, Jiangxi, China and places it as the sister taxon of P. chinensis. The newly discovered population differs from other congeners by several features of external morphology including having large clusters of dark brown conical warts on the dorsum of the head, lateral surface of the body and dorsolateral ridges. Its intermittent dorsal vertebral ridge is the same color as other parts of the dorsum and tail narrows gradually from the base to the tip. Further, the new population differs from all congeners by an uncorrected P-distance of more than 9.38% in ND2. Consequently, we describe the new species of Asian warty newt （Salamandridae） as Paramesotriton qixilingensis sp. nov.     

Does forest extent affect salamander survival? Evidence from a long‐term demographic study of a tropical newt

Forest loss has been associated with reduced survival in many vertebrates, and previous research on amphibians has mostly focused on effects at early life stages. Paramesotriton hongkongensis is a tropical newt that breeds in streams but spends up to 10 months per year in terrestrial habitats. Populations are threatened by habitat degradation and collection for the pet trade, but the cryptic terrestrial lifestyle of this newt has limited our understanding of its population ecology, which inhibits development of a species‐specific conservation plan. We conducted an eight‐year (2007–2014) mark–recapture study on four P. hongkongensis populations in Hong Kong and used these data to evaluate relationships between forest cover, body size, and rainfall on survival and to estimate population sizes. Hong Kong has been subjected to repeated historic territory‐wide deforestation, and thus, we wanted to determine whether there was a link between forest extent as a proxy of habitat quality and newt demography. Annual survival was positively associated with forest cover within core habitat of all populations and negatively related to body size. Mean annual survival (~60%) was similar to that of other stream‐dwelling amphibians, but varied among years and declined substantially in 2012–2013, perhaps due to illegal collection. Despite the link between forest extent and survival, population sizes declined at the most forested site by 40% and increased by 104% and 134% at two others. Forest protection and consequential secondary succession during recent decades in Hong Kong may have been responsible for persistence of P. hongkongensis populations.