ERCP/EST-LC治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石临床疗效及并发症

目的:考察内镜下逆行胰胆管造影术/十二指肠乳头括约肌切开术加腹腔镜胆囊切除术(endoscopic retrograde pancreatic angiography/endoscopic sphincterotomy-1aparoscopic cholecystectomy,ERCP/EST-LC)对胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的临床疗效和安全性。方法:选80例胆囊结石合并胆总管结石患者,随机数字表法分为两组,每组40例,对照组进行LCBDE-LC手术,研究组进行ERCP/EST-LC手术,以手术成功率、围术期相关指标和术后并发症等指标考察对患者的临床疗效。结果:对照组手术成功率为95.0%,研究组患者手术成功率为97.5%,两组无显著差异(P>0.05),研究组患者的手术时间和术中出血量与对照组相比均无显著差异(P>0.05),研究组胃肠功能恢复时间为39.64±5.34 h,显著长于对照组的37.19±3.17 h(P<0.05),研究组住院时间为14.17±2.06 d,显著长于对照组的11.85±2.71 d(P<0.05)。两组患者的胆道感染、急性胰腺炎、肠穿孔、结石残留以及胆管炎的发生率无显著差异(P>0.05),对照组胆漏发生率为7.50%,显著高于研究组的0.00%(P<0.05),而研究组术后出血发生率为10.00%,显著高于对照组的2.50%(P<0.05),对照组并发症总发生率为12.50%,研究组为15.00%,两组比较无显著差异(P>0.05)。对照组术后一年复发率为15.00%,研究组的复发率为17.50%,经统计分析,两组术后复发率无显著差异(P>0.05),其余患者无腹痛、发热、黄疸等情况。结论:ERCP/EST-LC治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石临床疗效确切、并发症少,安全性高。     

肺癌根治术后并发症危险因素分析及其生活质量变化研究

摘要 目的：探讨肺癌根治术后并发症的危险因素,并分析其生活质量的变化。方法：纳入我院2018年9月～2020年7月收治的行肺癌根治术患者104例,对患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。根据患者术后3个月的并发症发生情况,分成并发症组（n=32）和非并发症组（n=72）,分析肺癌根治术后并发症发生的影响因素,利用癌症病人生活质量测定量表（QLQ-C30）评估患者术前及术后3个月的生活质量。结果：肺癌根治术后32例出现并发症,其中切口感染6例,肺炎7例,肺不张9例,心律失常6例,脓胸4例。并发症组年龄≥60岁、烟龄≥10年、传统开胸术、慢性阻塞性肺疾病史人数占比高于非并发症组（P＜0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,年龄≥60岁（OR=2.978,95%CI：1.415-6.267）、烟龄≥10年（OR=3.847,95%CI：1.869-7.918）、传统开胸术（OR=3.065,95%CI：1.544-6.084）、慢性阻塞性肺疾病史（OR=2.848,95%CI：1.481-5.477）是肺癌根治术后患者发生并发症的危险因素（P＜0.05）。非并发症组术后3个月的总体生活质量量表、角色功能、躯体功能、情绪功能、社会功能评分高于术前与并发症组,且恶心呕吐、疲乏、疼痛、便秘、呼吸困难、食欲下降、睡眠障碍、腹泻评分较术前与并发症组明显降低（P＜0.05）。结论：肺癌根治术后并发症的发生主要与患者年龄、烟龄、手术方式、慢性阻塞性肺疾病史有关,且并发症对患者术后生活质量影响较大。     

Socioeconomic status dependent medical complexities in children with sickle cell disease in Saudi Arabia

A look into the associations of socioeconomic status (SES) with prevalence of various complications in sickle cell disease (SCD) is necessary, for an improvement of societal norms, governmental health policies and strategies. We therefore studied the influence of SES indices on certain hematological and clinical parameters in children with SCD in Saudi Arabia. We included 32 female and 33 male patients aged 5–16 years, who were classified based upon their family income. Family monthly income was divided into 4 categories from lowest to highest, with socioeconomic class1 having low earnings of <5000 SAR; the middle income class divided further into class 2 with earnings >5000–10,000 SAR, and class 3 with earnings >10,000–15,000 SAR; and the higher income class 4 with earnings of >15,000 SAR. The assessment indices used were, the frequency of vaso-occlusive crisis (VOC), adverse events, and hematological parameters. A higher percentage of children affected with the disease were from class1, which is the low socio-economic class. It was found that the percentage of frequency of VOC pain crisis, and adverse events was higher in social class 1 patients than in the classes 2, 3, and 4. Also, the age group 5–10 years appeared more susceptible to adverse events and VOC. Our findings suggest the need to conduct future larger studies, to deduce the modifying influence of disparity in SES on certain clinical and hematological indices in children with SCD.     

腹腔镜结肠癌根治术治疗老年局部进展期结肠癌的疗效和安全性及对患者免疫功能的影响

目的:比较分析腹腔镜和开腹结肠癌根治术治疗老年局部进展期结肠癌的临床疗效和安全性及对患者免疫功能的影响。方法:根据随机数字表法,将64例老年局部进展期结肠癌患者随机分为腹腔镜组和开腹组,每组各32例,分别接受腹腔镜、开腹结肠癌根治术治疗。比较两组手术相关指标、手术前后免疫功能变化、术后近远期并发症的发生情况及预后。结果:与开腹组比较,腹腔镜组患者手术时间明显延长,而术中出血量、胃肠功能恢复时间则明显缩短(P<0.05)。两组淋巴结清扫数比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后3个月,腹腔镜组CD4+、CD4+/CD8+比值均明显高于开腹组(P<0.05),且与术前比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与开腹组比较,腹腔镜组患者术后切口感染的发生率明显降低(P<0.05),两组其他近期并发症如吻合口瘘、吻合口出血,远期并发症如黏连性肠梗阻、切口疝的发生率比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。腹腔镜组与开腹组术后2年的局部复发率、1年和2年生存率比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:腹腔镜手术和开腹手术治疗老年局部进展期结肠癌患者的临床疗效和预后相当,但腹腔镜手术对患者的免疫功能影响更小,且安全性更高。     

肺炎支原体肺炎患儿发生心血管系统损害的危险因素分析

目的:探讨肺炎支原体肺炎(MPP)患儿并发心血管系统损害的危险因素。方法:选取我院收治的241例MPP患儿为研究对象,收集患儿入院时的一般临床资料及实验室检查指标,按照是否并发心血管系统损害将患儿分为两组:心血管损害组和非心血管损害组,比较两组相关指标的差异,并对相关危险因素进行Logistic回归分析。结果:241例MPP患儿中有51例发生心血管系统损害(发生率21.2%);单因素分析提示:两组在年龄、急性期MP-Ab、胸腔积液、热程、血沉(ESR)、血清C反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞计数(WBC)、血清CD4+/CD8+比值、发病7 d内应用大环内酯类药物、发病10 d内用药糖皮质激素存在统计学差异(P0.05);二分类非条件Logistic回归分析提示:年龄、热程、胸腔积液、CRP是MPP患儿发生心血管系统损害的独立危险因素(P0.05);血清CD4+/CD8+比值、发病7 d内应用大环内酯类药物则为保护性因素。结论:年龄、热程、胸腔积液、CRP是MPP患儿发生心血管系统损害的独立危险因素,而早期应用大环内酯类药物、及高CD4+/CD8+比值则为保护性因素,应当引起临床注意。     

Obesity epidemic: origins and consequences

Obesity is a chronic disease with serious health consequences. Initial weight gain is related to behavioural and environmental factors acting on a biological (mainly genetic) predisposition. The evolution of the disease is characterized by the development of an inflammatory organ disease that involves the adipocytes and other adipose tissue components. These alterations lead to various clinical complications and to a progressive resistance to diet effects. The treatment of obesity must be adapted to the stage of development of the disease and to the prevalent complications.     

PDCA循环在提高肿瘤患者输液港护理依从性的应用

目的探讨PDCA循环在提高肿瘤患者输液港护理依从性的应用效果。方法选取2018年2~8月我院收治的504例输液港置管的肿瘤患者按随机分配原则分为对照组240例和观察组264例,对照组给予一般治疗和常规管理,观察组在对照组基础上实施PDCA循环管理,观察两组患者的并发症发生情况、输液港护理依从性,并进行统计分析。结果观察组的并发症发生率明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组的输液港护理依从性明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论运用PDCA循环能优化维护流程,降低并发症,提高患者输液港护理依从性,值得临床应用。     

Conventional single-chamber pacemakers versus transcatheter pacing systems in a “real world” cohort of patients: A comparative prospective single-center study

PurposeDespite the developments in conventional transvenous pacemakers (VVI-PM), the procedure is still associated with significant complications. Although there are no prospective clinical trials that compared VVI-PM with transcatheter pacemaker systems (TPS).MethodsThis is a prospective, observational, single-center study that included all patients with an indication for a single-chamber pacemaker implant within a 4-year period. All clinical, ECG and echocardiographic characteristics at implant, electrical parameters, associated complications and mortality were analyzed. A Cox survival model and a Bayesian cohort analysis were performed for differences in complication rates between groups.ResultsThere were 443 patients included (198 TPS and 245 VVI-PM). The mean age was 81.5 years (TPS group, 79.2 ± 6.6 years; VVI-PM group, 83.5 ± 8.9 years). There was a male predominance in TPS group (123, 62.1% vs. 67, 27.3%; p < 0.001). The presence of systolic dysfunction and renal insufficiency were more frequent in VVI-PM group than in TPS patients. Mean follow-up was 22.3 ± 15.9 months. In a multivariable paired data the TPS group presented fewer complications than VVI-PM group (HR = 0.39 [0.15–0.98], p-value 0.013), but major complications were not different (6, 3% vs 14, 5.6% respectively, p = 0.1761). There was no difference in the mortality rate between the groups. The TPS group had less risk than VVI-PM group to have a complication, with a 96% of probability.ConclusionsTPS patients had a lower overall complication rate than VVI-PM patients including matched-pair samples using a Bayesian analysis. These results confirm the safety profile of TPS in clinical practice.     

关节置换术后抗凝药物预防深静脉血栓及相关并发症的临床研究进展

抗凝药物有助于预防全髋关节置换术和全膝关节置换术后深静脉血栓形成,临床上最常使用的传统抗凝药物如低分子肝素、华法林等可以起到很好的预防效果。目前有一类新的口服抗凝药物已经用于临床,为关节置换术后患者带来了一种更方便、安全和有效预防血栓的治疗选择。本篇综述主要针对传统抗凝药物低分子肝素及维生素K拮抗剂,直接凝血酶抑制剂达比加群,以及选择性Xa因子抑制剂利伐沙班和阿哌沙班,对迄今为止传统抗凝药物在全髋关节置换术和全膝关节置换术患者中的临床使用经验、优缺点、以及新型口服抗凝药物最新临床用药进展进行综述,为关节置换术后患者预防深静脉血栓提供用药参考。     

管状胃代食管术与全胃代食管术治疗食管癌的安全性与有效性对比

目的:对比管状胃代食管术与全胃代食管术治疗食管癌的安全性与有效性。方法:2005年1月到2015年2月选择我院收治的100例食管癌患者,根据随机数字表法分为治疗组与对照组各50例,所有患者都行食管癌切除术,同时对照组给予全胃代食管手术,治疗组给予管状胃代食管术,对两组患者围手术指标、并发症及生活质量状况进行观察比较。结果:所有患者完成手术,治疗组的手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间、术后胃肠减压时间及术后闭式引流时间都明显少于对照组(P0.05)。治疗组术后3个月反流性食管炎、胃排空障碍、胸胃综合征、吻合口狭窄、吻合口瘘等并发症发生情况明显少于对照组(P0.05),日常生活、一般状况、治疗相关症状、社会影响、情感活动评分都明显高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:相对于全胃代食管术,管状胃代食管术在治疗食管癌患者中的应用具有更好的安全性与有效性,值得进一步临床研究与推广。