探究壮方柔肝化纤颗粒对肝纤维化大鼠肝组织病理影响机制

摘要 目的：探究壮方柔肝化纤颗粒对肝纤维化大鼠肝组织病理影响机制。方法：选取80只雄性Wistar大鼠随机将其平均分成正常对照组、病理模型组、柔肝化纤颗粒低、中、高剂量组,每组各16只。四氯化碳复合因素造模,观察记录大鼠肝脏形态,采用HE染色、Masson染色观察大鼠肝组织和胶原纤维变化,检测血清丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）、天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）指标数值,分析大鼠肝组织中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）、羟脯氨酸（HYP）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）与丙二醛（MDA）的含量。结果：柔肝化纤颗粒低、中、高剂量组大鼠肝细胞变性、坏死及纤维化组织增生程度均较病理模型组明显减轻。柔肝化纤颗粒低、中、高剂量组血清ALT、AST指标数值与肝组织中HYP、MDA指标水平较病理模型组呈现剂量依赖性降低（P＜0.001）,而柔肝化纤颗粒高剂量组GSH-Px、SOD的指标含量显著高于病理模型组,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.001）。结论：柔肝化纤颗粒可有效改善肝纤维化大鼠的肝细胞损害情况,减轻其肝组织炎症程度,对肝纤维化大鼠有一定的保肝护肝与抗肝纤维化作用,其机制可能与提高GSH-Px与SOD的水平、降低HYP与MDA的含量、降低氧化应激水平、调节脂质代谢、减少机体胶原蛋白合成等相关。     

REGENERATION AND SEXUAL DIFFERENTIATION OF GRIFFITHSIA JAPONICA (CERAMIACEAE,RHODOPHYTA) THROUGH SOMATIC CELL FUSION1

Hybrid cells were obtained from somatic cell fusion among male, female, and tetrasporangial plants in Griffithsia japonica Okamura by a wound-healing process. Isolated fusion cells regenerated new mature plants with mixed reproductive structures. The plants regenerated from hybrid cells between male and female plants developed into 1) spermatangiate, 2) carpogonial, 3) bisexual with spermatangia and carpogonial branches, 4) mixed-phase with spermatangia and tetrasporangia, or 5) bisexual/mixed-phase plants with spermatangia, carpogonial branches, and tetrasporangia. About 70% of the plants regenerated from hybrid cells between male and female plants produced tetrasporangia that were always formed with spermatangia on a single cell. Some of those tetrasporangia released tetraspores, six of which gave rise to mature plants. The plants regenerated from hybrid cells between male and tetrasporangial plants developed into spermatangiate, tetrasporangiate, or mixed-phase plants with spermatangia and tetrasporangia. The plants regenerated from hybrid cells between female and tetrasporangial plants developed into carpogonial, tetrasporangiate, or mixed-phase plants with carpogonial branches and tetrasporangia. All types of reproductive structures we re functional.     

BIOACTIVITIES AND MECHANISM OF SPIRO ENOL ETHER ANALOGUES AGAINST PIERIS RAPAE

Abstract  Nineteen kinds of spiro enol ether analogues were screened with larvae of Pieris rapae for antifeedant activity. The results showed that the antifeedant activity of compounds No.20 and No. 12 was higher than others. In non-choice test, AFC50 values within 24 h of compounds No.20 and No. 12 against 3rd instar larvae of P. rapae were 226.93 μg/mL and 370.00 μg/mL, and that in choice test against 4th larvae were 280.54 μg/mL and 398.88 μg/mL, respectively. Compd. No.20 could prolong the eggs hatch time and reduce the haemolymph content and the protein content in haemolymph of 4th instar larvae obviously. Compd. No.20 could protect tested leaves and control larvae of P. rapae effectively.     

酵母醇脱氢酶ADHI的纯化及动力学研究

本文报道了啤酒酵母醇脱氢酶组成型同工酶ＡＤＨＩ的快速高效的纯化方法。通过活性蓝色染料柱亲和层析的方法将该酶纯化至电泳均一,收率达４７％,对该酶的产物抑制及端点抑制动力学研究结果支持Ｗｒａｔｔｅｎ,Ｃｌｅｌａｎｄ提出的序列有序机制。     

Role of plant defence in alfalfa during symbiosis

During effective symbiosis, rhizobia colonize their hosts, and avoid plant defence mechanisms. To determine whether the host defence responses can be elicited by the symbiotic bacteria, specific markers involved in incompatible pathogenic interactions are required. The available markers of alfalfa defence mechanisms are described and their use in the study of the symbiotic interaction discussed. As defence-related gene expression in roots is not always related to defence mechanisms, other model systems have been established allowing confirmation of an important role of bacterial surface components in alfalfa-Rhizobium meliloti interactions. Nod factors at high concentrations have been shown to elicit defence-like responses in Medicago cell suspensions and roots. Elicitation of defence mechanisms by high levels of Nod factors in Rhizobium-infected roots may be a part of the mechanism by which nodulation is feed-back regulated.The authors are with the Institut des Sciences Végétales, CNRS, F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cédex, France.     

Redox-Bohr effect in the tetrahaem cytochrome c3 from Desulfovibrio vulgaris: a model for energy transduction mechanisms

 Using potentiometric titrations, two protons were found to participate in the redox-Bohr effect observed for cytochrome c ₃ from Desulfovibrio vulgaris (Hildenborough). Within the framework of the thermodynamic model previously presented, this finding supports the occurrence of a concerted proton-assisted 2e^– step, ideally suited for the coupling role of cytochrome c ₃ to hydrogenase. Furthermore, at physiological pH, it is shown that when sulfate-reducing bacteria use H₂ as energy source, cytochrome c ₃ can be used as a charge separation device, achieving energy transduction by energising protons which can be left in the acidic periplasmic side and transferring deenergised electrons to sulfate respiration. This mechanism for energy transduction, using a full thermodynamic data set, is compared to that put forward to explain the proton-pumping function of cytochrome c oxidase.     

糖皮质激素抑制加压素释放的细胞膜机制

利用离休孵育脑薄片和放射免疫测定其释放的精氨酸加压素（ＡＶＰ）方法,探讨糖皮质激素（ＧＣ）在不能进入细胞内的情况下,对去肾上腺大鼠的下丘脑薄片释放ＡＶＰ的快速影响及其可能的细胞膜机制。结果如下：（１）下丘脑薄片能够稳定地释放ＡＶＰ（２ｈ）,其释放量为１５．４２±１．２８ｐｇ／ｍｉｎ;（２）牛血清白蛋白耦联皮质酮（Ｂ－ＢＳＡ）对ＡＶＰ的释放具有快速的（２０ｍｉｎ）抑制性效应,在１０￣（－７）─１０￣（－４）ｍｏｌ／Ｌ范围内呈剂量一效应关系;（３）ＧＣ细胞内受体拮抗剂ＲＵ４８６（１０￣（－４）─１０￣（－３）ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）能部分地阻断Ｂ─ＢＳＡ的快速抑制效应;（４）孵育液中Ｃａ￣（２＋）程度升高,Ｂ─ＢＳＡ的快速抑制效应明显增强;反之,孵育液中无Ｃａ￣（２＋）则Ｂ－ＢＳＡ的快速抑制效应有所减弱。表明ＧＣ在未进入细胞内的情况下也可快速地抑制大鼠下丘脑薄片释放ＡＶＰ,因此没有通过传统的基因组机制,而是由非基因组机制介导的,其作用部位在细胞膜水平上,可能是影响Ｃａ￣（２＋）的跨细胞膜内流通量或／和影响有Ｃａ￣（２＋）参与的ＡＶＰ释放过程的结果。     

丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂的研究及应用

丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂（serpin）是一类结构、序列同源的蛋白酶抑制剂,它是体内许多蛋白水解级联反应的调节因子,其遗传性结构或分泌异常将导致许多疾病．因此对于其结构及作用机理的研究将为临床应用提供依据．     

超低能重离子注入作物育种的原初物理机制

从原子核物理学观点出发,采用理论分析与实验测量并举的方法对超级能（〈２００ｋｅｖ）重离子（Ｚ≥６）注入作物（小麦）种子进行诱变育种的原初物理机制进行了研究,结果表明,无论是注入离子本身的射程,还是次级电子,自由基扩散,高温热穗,级联原子和冲击波等次级作用范围都无法触及表皮下面的胚细胞,但注入离子在麦胚内主要元素（Ｃ,Ｎ,Ｏ,Ｓ,Ｐ,Ｋ,Ｃａ）上激发出的特征Ｘ－射线,在其强度减弱为原来的１０＾－３时     

Purification and characterisation of an intracellular carbonic anhydrase from the unicellular green alga Coccomyxa

An intracellular carbonic anhydrase (CA; EC 4.2.1.1) was purified and characterised from the unicellular green alga Coccomyxa sp. Initial studies showed that cultured Coccomyxa cells contain an intracellular CA activity around 100 times higher than that measured in high-CO₂-grown cells of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii CW 92. Purification of a protein extract containing the CA activity was carried out using ammonium-sulphate precipitation followed by anion-exchange chromatography. Proteins were then separated by native (non-dissociating) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, with each individual protein band excised and assayed for CA activity. Measurements revealed CA activity associated with two discrete protein bands with similar molecular masses of 80 +5 kDa. Dissociation by denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that both proteins contained a single polypeptide of 26 kDa, suggesting that each 80-kDa native protein was a homogeneous trimer. Isoelectric focusing of the 80-kDa proteins also produced a single protein band at a pH of 6.5. Inhibition studies on the purified CA extract showed that 50% inhibition of CA activity was obtained using 1 M azetazolamide. Polyclonal antibodies against the 26-kDa CA were produced and shown to have a high specific binding to a single polypeptide in soluble protein extracts from Coccomyxa cells. The same antiserum, however, failed to cross-react with soluble proteins isolated from two different species of green algae, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Chlorella vulgaris. Correspondingly, antisera directed against pea chloroplastic CA, extracellular CA from C. reinhardtii and human CAII, showed no cross-hybridisation to the 26-kDa polypeptide in Coccomyxa. The 26-kDa protein was confirmed as being a CA by N-terminal sequencing of two internal polypeptide fragments and alignment of these sequences with that of previously identified CA proteins from several different species.Abbreviations CA carbonic anhydrase - CCM CO₂-concentrating mechanism - IEF isoelectric focusing - Rubisco ribulose-l,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase We would like to thank Drs. Cecilia Forsman, Inga-Maj Johansson and Nalle Jonsson for their valuable advice concerning the isolation of CA. This work was supported by the Swedish Natural Research Council and Seth M. Kempes Memorial foundation.