玉米幼苗抗氧化酶活性、脯氨酸含量变化及与其耐寒性的关系

研究了黄C（耐寒型）和Mo17（低温敏感型）两种耐寒性不同的玉米自交系幼苗在低温逆境（5 ℃,3 d）下,根、中胚轴和胚芽鞘3个部位过氧化氢酶（CAT）、过氧化物酶（POD）活性和脯氨酸（Pro）含量变化及与其耐寒性的关系.结果表明,低温期间,黄C的中胚轴、胚芽鞘相对生长率显著高于Mo17;黄C的根、中胚轴、胚芽鞘3个部位的CAT、POD活性和Pro含量变化率（其中,中胚轴分别为39.02%、-31.35%和86.86%）均高于Mo17（中胚轴变化率分别为1.86%、-48.67%和12.01%）;黄C 3个部位的质膜透性（中胚轴为22.05%）均低于Mo17（中胚轴为29.11%）.逐步回归分析表明黄C低温期间积累的干物质主要与Pro含量有关,而Mo17主要与POD活性有关,玉米幼苗中胚轴对低温反应最敏感,中胚轴Pro含量变化率与玉米耐寒性关系最密切.     

Retinoic acid exerts sexually dimorphic effects on muscle energy metabolism and function

The retinol dehydrogenase Rdh10 catalyzes the rate-limiting reaction that converts retinol into retinoic acid (RA), an autacoid that regulates energy balance and reduces adiposity. Skeletal muscle contributes to preventing adiposity, by consuming nearly half the energy of a typical human. We report sexually dimorphic differences in energy metabolism and muscle function in Rdh10+/− mice. Relative to wild-type (WT) controls, Rdh10+/− males fed a high-fat diet decrease reliance on fatty-acid oxidation and experience glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. Running endurance decreases 40%. Rdh10+/− females fed this diet increase fatty acid oxidation and experience neither glucose intolerance nor insulin resistance. Running endurance increases 220%. We therefore assessed RA function in the mixed-fiber type gastrocnemius muscles (GM), which contribute to running, rather than standing, and are similar to human GM. RA levels in Rdh10+/− male GM decrease 38% relative to WT. Rdh10+/− male GM increase expression of Myog and reduce Eif6 mRNAs, which reduce and enhance running endurance, respectively. Cox5A, complex IV activity, and ATP decrease. Increased centralized nuclei reveal existence of muscle malady and/or repair in GM fibers. Comparatively, RA in Rdh10+/− female GM decreases by less than half the male decrease, from a more modest decrease in Rdh10 and an increase in the estrogen-induced retinol dehydrogenase Dhrs9. Myog mRNA decreases. Cox5A, complex IV activity, and ATP increase. Centralized GM nuclei do not increase. We conclude that Rdh10/RA affects whole body energy use and insulin resistance partially through sexual dimorphic effects on skeletal muscle gene expression, structure, and mitochondria activity.     

低温驯化和外源糖对爪哇伪枝藻冷胁迫的影响

低温是影响荒漠藻类生存的重要环境因子.研究了低温驯化和外源糖对爪哇伪枝藻冷胁迫的作用.实验测定了低温和外源糖处理下伪枝藻某些生理活性指标的变化.结果表明,低温胁迫导致伪枝藻生物量和光合活性的显著降低,低温驯化和外源糖在一定程度上对藻细胞叶绿素α含量和光合活性具有促进作用,低温驯化明显提高了细胞内可溶性蛋白的含量,而对丙二醛的含量影响不大.研究还发现,低温驯化明显降低了细胞膜的相对透性,而外源糖对细胞膜的相对透性影响不大.此外,低温驯化促进了伪枝藻胞外多糖的大量合成.研究结果初步证实了低温驯化和外源糖类对于提高伪枝藻的冷胁迫耐受性具有调节作用.     

Examining growth rate and starvation endurance in pit‐building antlions from Mediterranean and desert regions

相似文献   

Endurance exercise training inhibits neointimal formation via enhancement of FOXOs expression in balloon-induced atherosclerosis rat model

[Purpose]

This study investigated the effect of endurance exercise on neointimal formation, endothelial-dependant relaxation and FOXO expression in balloon-induced carotid arteries of rats.

[Methods]

Male SD(Sprague-Dawley) rats of 8 weeks ages were randomly divided into 3 groups; Sham-operated control (SO, n=10), Balloon-induced control (BIC, n=10), and Balloon-induced exercise (BIE, n=10). Endurance exercise training was performed on treadmill (18 m/min, 0% grade, 60 min/day, 5 days/week, 4 weeks).

[Results]

Body weight is significantly reduced in BIE compared with BIC. Neointiaml formation in BIC was significantly higher than SO, but it was significantly recovered in BIE compared with BIC. Endothelial-dependent relaxation in BIC was significantly lower than SO, but it was significantly recovered in BIE compared with BIC and expression of FOXO1 and FOXO3a also were significantly increased BIE compared with BIC.

[Conclusion]

These data suggest that endurance exercise inhibits neointimal formation and endothelial-dependent relaxation via FOXO expression in balloon-induce atherosclerosis rat model.     

Endurance swimming of diploid and triploid Atlantic salmon

When groups of diploid (mean ±  s . e . fork length, L _F) 33·0 ± 1·4 cm and triploid (35·3 ± 0·5 cm) Atlantic salmon Salmo salar were forced to swim at controlled speeds in a carefully monitored 10 m diameter 'annular' tank no significant difference was found between the maximum sustained swimming speeds ( U _ms, maintainable for 200 min) where the fish swam at the limit of their aerobic capability. Diploids achieved 2·99 body lengths per second (bl s⁻¹)(0·96 m s⁻¹) and triploids sustained 2·91 bl s⁻¹(1·02 m s⁻¹). The selection of fish for the trials was based on their ability to swim with a moving pattern projected from a gantry rotating at the radius of the tank and the selection procedure did not prove to be significant by ploidy. A significant difference was found between the anaerobic capabilities of the fish measured as endurance times at their prolonged swimming speeds. During the course of the experimentation the voluntary swimming speed selected by the fish increased and the schooling behaviour improved. The effect of the curvature of the tank on the fish speeds was calculated (removing the curved effect of the tank increased the speed in either ploidy by 5·5%). Implications of the endurance times and speeds are discussed with reference to the aquaculture of triploid Atlantic salmon.     

ENDURANCE EXERCISE TRAINING AND DIFERULOYL METHANE SUPPLEMENT: CHANGES IN NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR AND OXIDATIVE STRESS INDUCED BY LEAD IN RAT BRAIN

Lead is a highly neurotoxic agent that particularly affects the developing central nervous system. In the current study we investigated the neuroprotective effects of exercise training and/or diferuloyl methane (DM) supplement, which is known as curcumin, on lead acetate-induced neurotoxicity in the rat hippocampus. Sixty rats were randomly divided into six groups: 1) lead acetate, 2) DM supplement, 3) endurance training, 4) training+ DM supplement, 5) sham and 6) base. The rats in the training groups performed treadmill running consisting of 15 to 22 m · min^-1 for 25 to 64 min, 5 times a week for 8 weeks. All groups except sham received lead acetate (20 mg · kg^-1), whereas the sham group received DM solvent. In addition, the DM and training + DM groups received DM solution (30 mg · kg^-1) intraperitoneally. Chronic administration of lead acetate resulted in a significant increase in the malondialdehyde (MDA) in plasma, but not in the hippocampus. In addition, it led to significantly decreased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels, as compared to the sham group. Treadmill running, DM supplementation, or both resulted in a significant decrease in MDA levels and significantly increased BDNF and TAC levels, as compared to the lead acetate group. These results provide a rationale for an inhibitory role of DM supplement and regular exercise in the attenuation of lead-induced neurotoxicity.     

冬眠哺乳动物心血管机能特点

冬眠动物心血管系统适应于冬眠和激醒过程的特殊生理条件形成了其显著的机能稳定性。我们在总结已有研究的基础提出了冬眠动物心血管系统具有耐低体温,抗主律失常,耐缺氧三大机能特点。这些特点不仅是冬眠动物五非冬眠动物的区别,也是冬眠动物在冬眠季机能强化的方面。     

Muscle ubiquinone in healthy physically active males

Thirty-five (35) healthy physically active males had muscle biopsies taken from their vastus lateralis muscle to analyze for ubiquinone (vitamin Q, UQ), oxidative (muscle fiber types expressed as %ST and citrate synthase activity, CS) and fermentative (lactate dehydrogenase, LD) profiles. Graded cycle ergometer exercise to determine the intensities corresponding to onset of blood lactate accumulation set to 4.0 mmol × 1^–1 (W_OBLA) and symptom limited exercise (maximal, W_SL) were also undertaken. Eleven (11) subjects had also recently participated in a marathon race. UQ was positively related to CS (r = 0.67, p < 0.001) and %ST (r = 0.60, p < 0.001) but not to LD. UQ was also positively related to exercise capacity and/or marathon performance (e.g. W_OBLA × kg^–1 BW, r = 0.70, p < 0.001). It was suggested that muscle UQ allocation in man was related to variables describing molecular oxygen availability, respiratory activity and oxidative energy releasing processes but not to fermentation activity. UQ allocation to ST fibers/CS activity was suggested to be due to the double role of UQ: 1) as a mitochondrial coenzyme (CoQ₁₀) and 2) as a nonspecific antioxidant.