双胶润通胶囊润肠通便功能的研究

目的:探讨双胶润通胶囊的润肠通便作用的效果及剂量.方法:实验采用动物试验,将小白鼠(雌雄各半,体重18～22 g)分成两个实验组,每组50只,实验一组进行小肠推进试验,实验二组进行排便试验,时间均为7 d.按推荐剂量每人每日5 g设计,分为低、中、高3个剂量组,另设空白对照和模型对照组.结果:在不影响小鼠体重的情况下,双胶润通胶囊高剂量组小肠推进率与模型对照组比较差异均有显著性变化(P《0.05);3个剂量组小鼠的首便时间、粪便粒数均高于便秘模型对照组,差异具有极显著性差异(P《0.01);结论:双胶润通胶囊对小鼠小肠运动有增强作用,并能缩短小鼠首便时间、增加小鼠的粪便粒数与重量,即:具有润肠通便作用.     

南方鲇的营养学研究:饲料中大豆蛋白水平对消化率及摄食率的影响

以23.78±0.09g的南方鲇为实验对象,以Cr2O3作为测定饲料消化率的指示物,以大豆蛋白分别替代0%、13%、26%、39%、52%和65%的鱼粉蛋白,配制成6种等氮(粗蛋白48%)、等能(总能20KJ/g)的饲料,用于探讨饲料中大豆蛋白替代鱼粉蛋白的比例对南方鲇消化率及摄食率的影响。实验在27.5±0.02℃水温条件下进行6周,溶氧维持在5mg/L以上,光制为14L∶10D。结果表明,饲料中不同比例的鱼粉蛋白与大豆蛋白对南方鲇的消化率及摄食率均存在显著影响(P<0.05)。其中南方鲇对于物质、蛋白质、脂肪和能量的消化率随着大豆蛋白替代率的提高而逐步下降,当替代量为65%时,其消化率显著低于其余各组(P<0.05)。而南方鲇的摄食率均随着饲料中大豆粉添加量的升高而升高,当大豆蛋白替代鱼粉蛋白超过39%时,摄食率显著高于其余各组(P<0.05)。通过分析认为,消化率是限制南方鲇利用大豆粉的重要因素,而摄食率不是影响其利用率的主要原因。     

The dynamics of the N/P ratio and stratification in a large nitrogen-limited estuary as a result of upwelling: a tendency for offshore Nodularia blooms

The effect of upwelling on the preconditions for noxious cyanobacterial blooms in a nitrogen-limited estuary is studied with Nodularia blooms in the Gulf of Finland especially in mind. An idealised physical–chemical model is derived and integrated. The physical development in the model agrees with a classical picture of upwelling for the scales of interest. The chemical component indicates a transient minimum of dissolved inorganic nitrogen to phosphorus ratio in the middle of the gulf, coinciding with the stratification maximum resulting from physical dynamics. A general tendency for offshore cyanobacterial blooms in similar physical and biological conditions is deduced from these results.     

Lipase production by Aeromonas sobria LP004 in a medium containing whey and soybean meal

World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology -     

Effects of fermented soybean meal on carbon and nitrogen metabolisms in large intestine of piglets

Fermented soybean meal (FSM), which has lower anti-nutritional factors and higher active enzyme, probiotic and oligosaccharide contents than its unfermented form, has been reported to improve the feeding value of soybean meal, and hence, the growth performance of piglets. However, whether FSM can affect the bacterial and metabolites in the large intestine of piglets remains unknown. This study supplemented wet-FSM (WFSM) or dry-FSM (DFSM) (5% dry matter basis) in the diet of piglets and investigated its effects on carbon and nitrogen metabolism in the piglets’ large intestines. A total of 75 41-day-old Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire piglets with an initial BW of 13.14±0.22 kg were used in a 4-week feeding trial. Our results showed that the average daily gain of piglets in the WFSM and DFSM groups increased by 27.08% and 14.58% and that the feed conversion ratio improved by 18.18% and 7.27%, respectively, compared with the control group. Data from the prediction gene function of Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt) based on 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing showed that carbohydrate metabolism function families in the WFSM and DFSM groups increased by 3.46% and 2.68% and that the amino acid metabolism function families decreased by 1.74% and 0.82%, respectively, compared with the control group. These results were consistent with those of other metabolism studies, which showed that dietary supplementation with WFSM and DFSM increased the level of carbohydrate-related metabolites (e.g. 4-aminobutanoate, 5-aminopentanoate, lactic acid, mannitol, threitol and β-alanine) and decreased the levels of those related to protein catabolism (e.g. 1,3-diaminopropane, creatine, glycine and inosine). In conclusion, supplementation with the two forms of FSM improved growth performance, increased metabolites of carbohydrate and reduced metabolites of protein in the large intestine of piglets, and WFSM exhibited a stronger effect than DFSM.     

Efficacy of Ricinus communis Fruit Meal with and without Bacillus Species on Suppression of Meloidogyne incognita and Growth of Tomato

The efficacy of ground Ricinus communis fruit, with and without Bacillus species, was tested on suppression of Meloidogyne incognita, growth of tomato, soil electrical conductivity (EC) and soil pH. At harvest, 85 days after applying Ricinus organic amendment, Ricinus and initial population nematode density (P_i), accounted for 64–74% of the total treatment variation (TTV) in final population nematode density (P_f) and 53–89% of the TTV in dry shoot weight. Ricinus, P_i and electrical conductivity accounted for 49–69% of the TTV in fresh fruit weight, whereas Ricinus, P_i and Bacillus accounted for 65–82% of the TTV in plant height. Because Bacillus×Ricinus interaction was not significant (P > 0.05) for any variable measured, the efficacy of Ricinus fruit meal was independent of microbial activities.     

Biochar as a feed supplement for nutrient digestibility and growth performance of Catla catla fingerlings

The purpose of the current research was to determine the impact of various biochar supplements on nutrient digestibility and growth performance of Catla catla fingerlings fed on Moringa oleifera seed meal (MOSM) based diet. An experiment with 90 days of feeding was conducted to investigate the efficacy of biochar obtained from different sources such as parthenium, farmyard manure, poultry waste, vegetable waste, and corncob waste at 2 mg/kg. There were15 fingerlings in each tank in the triplicate set of tanks. Fingerlings were fed at the rate of 5 % of their live wet weight. From each tank, feces were collected twice daily and stored to determine nutrient digestibility. Results showed that poultry waste biochar (test diet-IV) at 2 mg/kg was the best source to significantly (P < 0.05) improve weight gain % (256.58 %) and feed conversion ratio (1.19) than the other biochar sources and control diet. Furthermore, in terms of nutrient digestibility, optimum fat (81.90 %), protein (75.92 %), and gross energy (74.84 kcalg^?1) values were obtained by using the same type of biochar (poultry waste). Conclusively, among all the five biochar sources, poultry waste biochar proved to be the best one, improving fish body performance.     

Characterization of Microbial Mats from a Desert Wadi Ecosystem in the Sultanate of Oman

Desert wadis are widespread in the Arabian Peninsula and play a vital role in the ecology of the region; nevertheless, these ecosystems are among the least studied. Various types of microbial mats are predominant in wadis, but information on their bacterial diversity and spatial distribution is very scarce. We investigated bacterial diversity, pigments and lipid composition of ten mats located at the down-, mid- and upstream of a desert wadi in Oman. Direct microscopy revealed the existence of different unicellular and filamentous cyanobacteria, with the dominance of the heterocystous genera Calothrix and Scytonema. The majority of MiSeq 16S rRNA sequences (44-76%) were affiliated to Cyanobacteria and Proteobacteria. While Alphaproteobacteria was the most dominant proteobacterial class (10 to 48% of total sequences), Gamma- and Deltaproteobacteria were subdominant. Cluster analysis showed that the mats’ bacterial communities at the different locations along the wadi were different and shared less than 60% of their operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Chlorophyll a and scytonemin were the most predominant pigments in all mats. Different saturated, branched and mono- and poly-unsaturated fatty acids were detected in all mats, with C₁₆ and C₁₈ compounds as most dominant. The detected pigments and fatty acids indicate a major role of cyanobacteria in the wadi mats and the adaptation of microorganisms therein to the harsh wadi environment. Detection of diadinoxanthin and fucoxanthin confirmed the presence of diatoms. We conclude that microbial mats are important elements in wadi ecosystems and exist in a great variety of structure and community composition.