地中海沿岸沙丘微生境对幼苗出现时空格局的影响

实验样地设在地中海沿岸沙丘,选择了3个不同的微生境代表：(1)稳定沙丘上的开阔地片段,(2)稳定沙丘上的灌丛下区域,(3)不稳定沙丘的路径区域;从2001年11月至2002年4月的整个生长季节,每一个微生境出现的幼苗在4个日期被监测,并在每一个取样日把每一株幼苗鉴定、计数后,用剪刀把地上部分移去;研究调查了3种微生境幼苗出现的时空分布格局,并分析了雨量与幼苗出现数量的关系。结果发现：在地中海沿岸沙丘生态系统,幼苗出现在时间上具有明显的分布特征,大多数幼苗出现在第一观测期,整个生长季幼苗都不断出现,但幼苗出现的数目却逐渐下降;各功能群的幼苗占幼苗总数的比例分别为：1年生阔叶草47．4％,多年生阔叶草2．5％,豆科植物17,0％,菊科植物14．5％,1年生禾草为11．7％,多年生禾草为1．9％,十字花科植物3．7％,伞形科植物1,4％。在空间上,总幼苗密度、物种丰富度和物种多样性等显示出重要的微生境差异,开阔地区域具有最大的幼苗密度、物种丰富度和物种多样性;3个微生境的幼苗出现不是同步的,微生境影响种子萌发的时间分布格局,灌丛下种子萌发具有滞后现象;大多数功能群的幼苗密度分布基本上具有显著的微生境差异,主要物种的幼苗分布也具有显著的微生境差异。雨量和萌发的幼苗数量间未发现显著的关系。     

苯丙烯酸对黄瓜幼苗膜脂过氧化作用的影响

以山东密刺黄瓜 (Cucumis sativus L.)为试材 ,分别采用大棚土壤和露地土壤进行盆栽模拟试验 ,首次研究了不同浓度的苯丙烯酸对不同土壤栽培条件下黄瓜幼苗膜质过氧化作用的化感效应。结果表明 :不同浓度的苯丙烯酸对大棚土培幼苗不同时期的 SOD活性的化感效应均为抑制作用 ,并随着处理浓度的增加抑制作用增强。浓度大于 5 0 mg/kg时 ,对露地土培幼苗 6叶期 SOD活性的化感效应均为抑制作用。浓度大于 1 0 0 mg/kg时 ,对两种土培幼苗 CAT的化感效应均为抑制作用 ,并随着处理浓度的增加抑制作用增强。苯丙稀酸对不同土壤、不同时期黄瓜幼苗的 MDA均为促进作用 ,并随着处理浓度的增加促进作用增强。苯丙稀酸使黄瓜幼苗的电解质外渗率和伤害率增加 ,浓度大于 5 0 m g/kg时的大棚土培幼苗和浓度大于 1 0 0 m g/kg时的露地土培幼苗 ,电解质外渗率与对照及处理间均存在显著差异 (p <0 .0 5 ) ,伤害率与对照及处理间均存在极显著差异 (p <0 .0 1 )。大棚土培幼苗 MDA含量和电解质外渗率的化感强度均大于露地土培幼苗     

黄瓜花粉母细胞减数分裂及其雄配子体发育的细胞学研究

以南方型和北方型两个生态型黄瓜为材料,用改良的染色和制片方法,较为系统的研究了黄瓜花粉母细胞(PMC)减数分裂及其雄配子体的发育过程。结果表明：①黄瓜减数分裂属于同时型胞质分裂,双线期染色体具有明显的交叉节并呈现出较易识别的棒状或环状形态,在末期Ⅰ和末期Ⅱ有多核仁和核仁融合现象;②在四分体时期的小孢子成十字交叉形(decussate type),而非四边形(isobilateral type);③雄配子体发育过程中观察到两核居中期的特殊现象,在核居中期小孢子只有一层壁,而在核靠边期小孢子出现了两层壁;④黄瓜的成熟花粉粒属于两核花粉粒。     

水杨酸对水分胁迫黄瓜幼苗叶片生理过程的影响

研究了外源水杨酸 salicylic acid,SA 对水分胁迫下黄瓜幼苗叶片主要生理过程的影响 . 1m mol/L 的 SA处理黄瓜幼苗 2 4 h后 ,叶片中 POD活性剧增 ,SOD活性增加不明显 ,H2 O2 清除酶 CAT和 APX活性受抑制 ,H2 O2 含量上升引起膜脂过氧化产物 MDA含量上升 ,造成轻度氧化胁迫 ;在随后水分胁迫过程中 ,经 SA预处理积累的 H2 O2 诱导 APX和 CAT活性上升并清除产生的 H2 O2 ;SA预处理后 ,叶片中 Rubisco含量及其基因转录水平明显高于对照 ,光合作用受影响较小 .这表明 SA使黄瓜幼苗生理活性有较大改善 ,增强了植株对水分胁迫的抗性     

海参资源及其生物活性物质的研究

海参属棘皮动物门海参纲,是海洋中重要的食物和药物资源。全世界海参资源比较丰富,目前已知约有1000种,我国约有140多种。海参含有多种生物活性物质,如多糖、甾醇、皂苷、脂肪酸和毒素等,具有增加免疫力、抗肿瘤、抗凝血、保护神经组织、镇痛、抗真菌、降低血黏度等作用。本综述了国内外海参资源分布、海参生物活性物质组成及其药理作用。     

三唑酮对离体黄瓜子叶膜系统的影响

研究了三唑酮处理后离体黄瓜子叶衰老过程中活性氧的产生及膜系统有变化。结果表明：20mg/L三唑酮能有效抑制O^-2.、H2O3的累积,减轻质膜相对透性和膜脂过氧化程度及组织自动氧化速率。这表明三唑酮减轻了活性氧在植物体内的累积,可以作为一种活性氧的直接或间接清除剂。     

Effects of high- and low-intensity fires on soil properties and plant growth in a Bolivian dry forest

We compared soil nutrient availability and soil physical properties among four treatments (high-intensity fire, low-intensity fire, plant removal, and harvesting gap) and a control (intact forest understory) over a period of 18 months in a tropical dry forest in Bolivia. The effect of treatments on plant growth was tested using a shade intolerant tree species (Anadenanthera colubrina Vell. Conc.) as a bioassay. Surface soils in high-intensity fire treatments had significantly greater pH values, concentrations of extractable calcium (Ca), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), and phosphorus (P), and amounts of resin-available P and nitrogen (N) than other treatments; however, a loss of soil organic matter during high-intensity fires likely resulted in increased bulk density and strength, and decreased water infiltration rates. Low intensity fires also significantly increased soil pH, concentrations of extractable Ca, K, Mg, and P, and amounts of resin-available P and N, although to a lesser degree than high-intensity fires. Low-intensity fires did not lower soil organic matter contents or alter soil physical properties. Plant removal and harvesting gap treatments had little effect on soil chemical and physical properties. Despite the potentially negative effects of degraded soil structure on plant growth, growth of A. colubrina seedlings were greater following high-intensity fires. Evidently, the increase in nutrient availability caused by high-intensity fires was not offset by degraded soil structure in its effects on seedling growth. Long-term effects of high intensity fires require further research.     

Environmental factors affecting the cyanogenic potential of flax seedlings

The levels of cyanogenic glucosides (linamarin and lotaustralin) and the activity of linamarase were studied in 5-day old seedlings of oil flax (Linum usitatissimum L., cv. LCSD 200) under different environmental conditions. White light enhanced the cyanoglucosides content, and this effect depended on its intensity and the time of exposure. The level of cyanoglucosides rose with temperature, and it reached the highest level at the highest temperature (30 °C). Linamarase (EC. 3.2.1.21) activity was the highest at 20°C, especially in light-grown seedlings. Lower enzyme activity at the extreme temperature (15 and 30 °C) was observed. Water stress (low water potential, ω=−0.34 MPa) reduced by more than twice the cyanoglucoside level and linamarase activity. The possible protective, or/and regulatory roles of cyanogenic glucosides was discussed.     

The effect of crop rotation of six forest tree species on peat-bark substrate enzymatic activity

The paper focuses on the effect of a nine-year utilisation of the peat-bark substrate and crop rotation of six main forest tree species on changes in the substrate enzymatic activity during successive rotation cycles. The study was conducted in the forest nursery in the years 1989–1997. Seedlings of Scots pine Pinus sylvestris, Norway spruce Picea abies, European larch Larix decidua, pendiculate oak Quercus robur, common beech Fagus silvatica, and silver birch Betula overrucosa were grown on peat-bark substrate. The activity of soil enzymes: betaglucosidase, invertase, urease, asparginase, acid phosphatase and dehydrogenases was assessed. The succession of three 3-year crop rotation cycles with species following each other according to the rotation plan was subject to observations. The obtained results have confirmed recent suppositions that the tree species and their rotation modify soil enzymatic activity. The enzymatic activity of the peat-bark substrate changed after each three-year crop rotation cycle and decreased with time. After the second crop rotation cycle the activity of betaglucosidase, urease, asparginase was found to be lower, and the activity of invertase and dehydrogenases — higher. After three crop rotation cycles the positive effect of appropriate species rotation on the enzymatic activity of the substrate was noted.