Chemodiversity and α-Glucosidase Activity of Eucalyptus Species from Northwestern Himalaya,India

The aim of current work was to determine essential oils (EOs) composition from three Eucalyptus species, including E. citriodora, E. camaldulensis and E. globulus and assess their α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. The EOs were collected using the hydrodistillation technique and characterized by GC/MS, GC-FID and NMR. The isolated EOs from leaves parts of Eucalyptus species varied from 0.56 to 1.0 % on fresh weight basis. The content of the EOs was distinct according to the species. The most abundant metabolites were identified as citronellal (0–83.0 %), 1,8-cineole (0.2–44.8 %), spathulenol (0.4–16.1 %) α-pinene (0.4–15.9 %), p-cymene (3.7–11.9 %), citronellol (0–8.6 %), β-eudesmol (5.3–8.6 %) and β-pinene (0–7.1 %). The EOs obtained from targeted samples exhibited strong α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. These results are encouraging and underline that the EOs of Eucalyptus species may be a promising alternative source of natural antidiabetic.     

Comparison of mechanistic and hybrid modeling approaches for characterization of a CHO cultivation process: Requirements,pitfalls and solution paths

Despite the advantages of mathematical bioprocess modeling, successful model implementation already starts with experimental planning and accordingly can fail at this early stage. For this study, two different modeling approaches (mechanistic and hybrid) based on a four-dimensional antibody-producing CHO fed-batch process are compared. Overall, 33 experiments are performed in the fractional factorial four-dimensional design space and separated into four different complex data partitions subsequently used for model comparison and evaluation. The mechanistic model demonstrates the advantage of prior knowledge (i.e., known equations) to get informative value relatively independently of the utilized data partition. The hybrid approach displayes a higher data dependency but simultaneously yielded a higher accuracy on all data partitions. Furthermore, our results demonstrate that independent of the chosen modeling framework, a smart selection of only four initial experiments can already yield a very good representation of a full design space independent of the chosen modeling structure. Academic and industry researchers are recommended to pay more attention to experimental planning to maximize the process understanding obtained from mathematical modeling.     

乳腺良恶肿瘤患者超声弹性成像定量参数与临床分期、病理分子分型的相关性分析

摘要 目的：探讨乳腺良恶肿瘤患者超声弹性成像定量参数与临床分期、病理分子分型的相关性。方法：选择2020年1月至2022年12月来我院诊治的乳腺肿块患者85例,均行超声弹性成像检查,分析85例乳腺肿块患者的病理检查结果,对比良恶性肿瘤患者的弹性成像参数,对弹性应变率、直径变化率、面积比及三者联合绘制ROC曲线,分析不同乳腺肿瘤患者临床分期的弹性成像参数,分析乳腺肿瘤患者病理分子分型的弹性成像参数。结果：85例乳腺肿块患者中,良性肿块35例,恶性肿块50例。恶性组的弹性应变率、肿块直径、直径变化率、肿块面积、面积比明显较良性组低（P<0.05）。面积比ROC曲线AUC为0.580,以1.73为临界值,乳腺恶性肿瘤的诊断灵敏度为73.5 %,特异度为38.5 %;直径变化率ROC曲线AUC为0.630,以0.28为临界值,诊断灵敏度为75.5 %,特异度为47.5 %;弹性应变率ROC曲线AUC为0.790,以15.2 cm²为临界值,诊断灵敏度为64.5 %,特异度为83.5 %,以三者联合绘制ROC曲线,AUC为0.920,诊断灵敏度为82.5 %,特异度为92.5 %。乳腺恶性肿瘤患者TNM分期Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ期者的弹性应变率、肿块直径、直径变化率、肿块面积、面积比对比有统计学意义（P<0.05）;其中Ⅳ期者的弹性应变率、肿块直径、直径变化率、肿块面积、面积比明显较Ⅲ、Ⅱ、Ⅰ期者高,Ⅲ期者明显较Ⅱ、Ⅰ期者高,Ⅱ期者明显较Ⅰ期高。乳腺恶性肿瘤患者Luminal A型者、Liminal B型者、Her2过表达型者、基底样型者的弹性应变率、肿块直径、直径变化率、肿块面积、面积比对比有统计学意义（P<0.05）;其中Liminal B型者的弹性应变率、肿块直径、直径变化率、肿块面积、面积比明显较Luminal A型者、Her2过表达型者、基底样型者高,Her2过表达型者明显较Luminal A型者、基底样型者高（P均<0.05）,Luminal A型者与基底样型者对比无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：超声弹性成像可用于乳腺良恶肿瘤的诊断,超声弹性成像定量参数可用于恶性乳腺肿瘤临床分期、Liminal B型、Her2过表达型的判断。     

13C-methacetin breath test parameter S for liver diseases diagnosis

The mechanism of ¹³C-methacetin breath test is set forth clearly with the analysis of pharmacokinetics mode, and the measuring method of ¹³C-methacetin breath test and its clinical applications in the diagnosis of liver diseases are reported in detail. On the basis of comprehensive analysis of the clinical test data, the advanced diagnostic parameter S is of important significance for the application and development of breath test.     

~(13)C-methacetin breath test parameter S for liver diseases diagnosis

The mechanism of 13C-methacetin breath test is set forth clearly with the analysis of pharmacokinetics mode, and the measuring method of 13C-methacetin breath test and its clinical applications in the diagnosis of liver diseases are reported in detail. On the basis of comprehensive analysis of the clinical test data, the advanced diagnostic parameter S is of important significance for the application and development of breath test.     

升流厌氧污泥层反应器动力学模型

用碘离子作示踪剂,采用矩形脉冲示踪法测定升流厌氧污泥层(UASB)反应器的流动分布。建立了申级返混加沟流模型。模型简单,能够反映反应器流动分布,具有较强的拟合能力和良好的适用性。运用流动模型和Monod方程,建立了UASB反应器稳态模型,并对模型参数进行了估计。通过灵敏度分析,进水基质浓度S。,废水流量Q,最大比基质降解速率,μmax 对出水基质浓度有较大影响。在稳态模型的基础上又建立了UASB反应器动态模态,利用此模型,对出水基质浓度序列Se,和产气量序列Qg进行计算预测,平均偏差分别5．40％和7．46％,标准偏差分别为7．02％和9．66％。     

矩阵的加号逆理论在参数估计中的应用

本文从矩阵的加号逆理论出发,根据求矛盾线性方程组最佳逼近解的方法,建立起一种新的参数估计方法,同时给出了显著性检验方法,这种方法更简单更精确．     

不健全资料的参数关联分析法

首先建立相关变量取值随时序变化的数学模型,而后,利用模型中能够反映变量几何形状的适宜参数,提出了参数关联度的概念．从而解决了观测值非一一对应、且不齐的相关变量关联分析问题．同时给出一种较高拟合精度的非等间隔序列的灰色建模方法．     

生物种群动态微分方程模型参数估计方法

本文以数值分析和最优化技术的有机结合为基础,提出了一种新的对动态微分方程模型直接进行数据拟合和参数估计方法,并以Logistic微分方程、生物种间竞争关系微分方程以及一种复合形态的Logistic微分方程为例进行了数据拟合试验．结果表明,该方法对各种动态微分方程模型均能进行最优拟合分析并求解其参数．同时发现,以前有的作者〔1,2,3,4,5〕提出的方法所得到的参数估计值存在系统误差且误差较大．     

Derivation and testing of pair potentials for protein folding. When is the quasichemical approximation correct?

Many existing derivations of knowledge-based statistical pair potentials invoke the quasichemical approximation to estimate the expected side-chain contact frequency if there were no amino acid pair-specific interactions. At first glance, the quasichemical approximation that treats the residues in a protein as being disconnected and expresses the side-chain contact probability as being proportional to the product of the mole fractions of the pair of residues would appear to be rather severe. To investigate the validity of this approximation, we introduce two new reference states in which no specific pair interactions between amino acids are allowed, but in which the connectivity of the protein chain is retained. The first estimates the expected number of side-chain contracts by treating the protein as a Gaussian random coil polymer. The second, more realistic reference state includes the effects of chain connectivity, secondary structure, and chain compactness by estimating the expected side-chain contrast probability by placing the sequence of interest in each member of a library of structures of comparable compactness to the native conformation. The side-chain contact maps are not allowed to readjust to the sequence of interest, i.e., the side chains cannot repack. This situation would hold rigorously if all amino acids were the same size. Both reference states effectively permit the factorization of the side-chain contact probability into sequence-dependent and structure-dependent terms. Then, because the sequence distribution of amino acids in proteins is random, the quasichemical approximation to each of these reference states is shown to be excellent. Thus, the range of validity of the quasichemical approximation is determined by the magnitude of the side-chain repacking term, which is, at present, unknown. Finally, the performance of these two sets of pair interaction potentials as well as side-chain contact fraction-based interaction scales is assessed by inverse folding tests both without and with allowing for gaps.