影响沙田柚叶片离体培养的因素研究

研究了离体培养条件下影响沙田柚叶片愈伤组织诱导和分化的一些因素。结果表明 ,2 ,4 D可以诱导愈伤组织的形成 ,高浓度的蔗糖 (6% )显著提高叶片愈伤诱导率与愈伤组织重量 ,且在 2 ,4 D和蔗糖之间存在着相互作用。外源GA3处理抑制愈伤组织的诱导和生长 ,而CCC与ABA处理显著提高叶片的愈伤诱导率和愈伤组织生长量。愈伤组织转移到附加 3 .0mg/LBA的MS分化培养基上可以分化出芽 ,0 .2 5mg/LGA3的加入可以进一步提高愈伤组织的分化率和每块愈伤组织的再生芽数。     

卡那霉素对地灵愈伤组织诱导和生长的影响

卡那霉素对地灵愈伤组织的诱导和生长均有抑制作用,随着卡那霉素浓度增加,愈伤组织形成的比率降低,质量增加幅度减小。不同的外植体对卡那霉素的敏感度不同,茎的敏感度明显高于叶片。当浓度超过30mg/L时,茎愈伤组织的诱导及生长几乎完全受到抑制。因此,在地灵的遗传转化中,30mg/L是卡那霉素的适宜浓度。     

渗透胁迫条件下小麦成熟胚愈伤组织的诱导及植株再生的研究

用不同浓度的PEG6000及NaCl对5个小麦品种的成熟胚组织培养物进行处理,研究在渗透胁迫条件下基因型和激素对成熟胚愈伤组织的诱导及分化的影响。结果表明,小麦整株水平与细胞水平的抗性存在一定相关,不同基因型对干旱与盐胁迫的敏感程度不同,成熟胚愈伤组织的诱导率和植株再生率表现出明显的差异。初步得到了晋麦47、长武134、红芒麦的耐旱愈伤组织以及晋麦47、长武134的耐盐愈伤组织,并获得了晋麦47和长武134具有一定抗性的再生芽。     

灰绿黄堇愈伤组织培养及生物总碱含量的初步研究

将灰绿黄堇(Corydalis adunca Maxim．)无菌试管苗的茎段接种于附加不同BA和NAA浓度组合的MS培养基上,诱导出愈伤组织。实验表明较高浓度的BA和较低浓度的NAA组合有利于灰绿黄堇愈伤组织的诱导和生长以及愈伤组织中生物碱的合成。在附加BA2．00mg／L NAA0．2mg／L的MS培养基上,灰绿黄堇愈伤组织生长快,诱导率较高,合成的生物总碱含量较高,可达0．312％。     

Effect of brassinolide on callus growth and regeneration in Spartina patens (Poaceae)

The effect of brassinolide (BL) on cultured calluses of Spartina patens (Ait.) Muhl. (Poaceae), a halophyte monocot was studied. BL at 0.03–0.04 mg l^–1 at fixed concentrations of IAA (0.2 mg l^–1) and BA (3.0 mg l^–1) added in MS medium increased the ratio for fresh weight (CIRFW) to dry weight (CIRDW) by 96–111% and 235–326%. Similarly, in callus regeneration capacity, BL at 0.03 mg l^–1 was most effective, increasing the shoot regeneration ratio (SRR) by 425%. BL at 0.04 mg l^–1 had not such an increasing effect as BL at 0.03 mg l^–1, which increased SRR by 79%. However, BL at 0.005 mg l^–1 promoted regenerated shoot growth most significantly, increasing the shoot height increasing ratio (SHIR) by 395% after a 40-day culture. BL at 0.05 mg l^–1 was least effective in the callus regeneration and regenerated shoot growth, decreasing SRR by 27% and SHIR by 52%. Present results suggest that BL at 0.03 mg l^–1 is suitable for the callus growth and shoot regeneration, while BL at 0.005 mg l^–1 effectively enhanced the regenerated shoot growth.     

采用倍性分析仪鉴定柑橘愈伤组织的遗传变异

使用倍性分析仪,对48种培养多年不同基因型的柑橘愈伤组织的细胞NDA含量进行了测定。结果发现,除了路比葡萄柚,尾张和金诺橘等3种愈伤组织变异较小,未出现第二个峰以外,有93.8%的基因型的愈伤组织的细胞均出现了DNA含量加倍的细胞,通过DPAC分析软件分析得知,凤梨甜橙三倍体,宁波金钳,长沙橘,鲁斯脐橙,国庆4号和卡特夏橙等6愈伤组织的细胞DNA含量还出现了三倍增加及非整倍增加的现象。在待测的48种愈伤组织中,DNA含量变异细胞的百分率最大者为凤梨甜橙三倍体,达18.51%,最小者为暗柳橙,为4.70%,通过取肯氏新复极差分析得知,不同基因型的DNA含量变异细胞的百分率之间存在差异显著性,在相同继代培养基和相同继代周期的条件下,培养时期对愈伤组织变异大小影响不显著。     

外源性糖对四种木本观赏植物花粉离体培养的影响

分别以单、双、多糖作用于紫荆、紫丁香、桃、连翘四种木本观赏植物花粉的离体培养,检测其对花粉萌发、花粉管生长及花粉管胼胝体形成的影响,结果表明糖的类型和浓度对花粉萌发有较大影响,同时不同植物的花粉对糖的敏感性也存在差异;花粉管长度明显受蔗糖浓度的影响,尤其是连翘的花粉管长度,与蔗糖浓度成反比;在四种植物的花粉管生长中后期,均观察到胼胝体的形成,胼胝体形成的数量与蔗糖浓度及花粉管长度存在一定的联系;在花粉管中胼胝体的形成没有特定位点。     

杜衡离体繁殖的研究

以马兜铃科植物杜衡为研究材料,试图通过茎尖培养来获得愈伤组织,继而诱导愈伤组织分化形成杜衡小植株。试验证明：杜衡茎尖在MS基本培养基附加6-BA 0.6mg/l和NAA0.1mg/;这一激素组合上可诱导茎尖基部形成愈伤组织;将愈伤组织分割转接到附加6-BA0.2mg/l和NAA0.01mg/l 的MS基本幅度基上可使愈伤组织分化形成小芽;分化形成的芽置于1/8-1/4MS(大量元素减少,其余成分不变)附加6-BA0.1mg/l和GA1mg/l的培养基上,可促使芽的正常生长;新生芽转接在1/4MS附加IBA0.5mg/l培养基上促使其生根。     

Efficient plant regeneration from cell cultures of ornamental statice, Limonium sinuatum mill.

Summary A plant regeneration system from cell suspension cultures was established in an important ornamental crop, Limonium sinuatum Mill. cv. ‘Early Rose’. Friable callus was initially induced from leaf segments of in vitro-cultured seedlings on 0.25% gellan gum-solidified half-strength Murashige and Skoog [1/2MS] medium containing 1.0 mg l⁻¹ (4.14 μM) picloram. These calluses were maintained as cell suspension cultures, which showed high proliferation ability with about 80 times increase in fresh weight during the 2-wk interval of subculture. Shoot regeneration from these cell cultures was achieved by cytokinins, especially zeatin, which was the most effective in producing normal shoots with reduced hyperhydration when used in combination with 0.5% gellan gum. Shoot regeneration ability was different among the cell lines originated from each different seedling. Shoot formation was observed at different frequencies on four of five cell lines whereas one cell line showed no shoot differentiation. Regenerated shoots detached from callus readily rooted 1 mo. after the transfer onto 0.5% gellan gum-solidified 1/2MS medium lacking plant growth regulators. The plantets were successfully transferred to the greenhouse after acclimatization. No ploidy changes were observed in the callus induced or in the regenerated plantlets. The regenerated plantlets that were transferred to the greenhouse after acclimatization grew normally and did not any morphological signs of somaclonal variation.     

Growth, proline accumulation and ion content in sodium chloride-stressed callus of date palm

Summary Growth and physiological responses of date palm. Phoenix dactylifera L. cv. Barhee, callus to salinity stress were examined. Callus induced from shoot tips of offshoots was cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with NaCl at concentrations ranging from 0 to 225 mM, in consective increments of 25 mM. Data obtained after 6 wk of exposure to salt have shown a significant increase in callus proliferation in response to 25 mM NaCl the lowest level tested, beyond which callus weight decreased. At 125 mM NaCl and higher, callus growth was nearly completely inhibited. Physiological studies on callus exposed to salt stress have shown an increase in proline accumulation in response to increased salinity. Proline accumulation was correlated to callus growth inhibition. Furthermore, increasing the concentration of NaCl in the culture medium generally resulted in a steady increase in Na⁺ and reduction in K⁺ concentrations. However, at 25 mM NaCl, the only level at which callus growth was significantly enhanced, an increase in K⁺ content was noted, in comparison to the NaCl free control. In response to increasing external NaCl level, the Na⁺/K⁺ ratio increased The Na⁺/K⁺ ratio was positively correlated to proline accumulation and hence callus growth inhibition. This study provides, an understanding of the response of date palm callus to salinity, which is important for future studies aimed at developing strategies for selecting and characterizing somaclonal variants tolerant to salt stress.