Antibacterial activity of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Acacia aroma Gill. ex Hook et Arn

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the antibacterial activity of seven ethanolic extracts and three aqueous extracts from various parts (leaves, stems and flowers) of A. aroma against 163 strains of antibiotic multi-resistant bacteria. The disc diffusion assay was performed to evaluate antibacterial activity of the A. aroma crude extracts, against several Gram-positive bacteria (E. faecalis, S. aureus, coagulase-negative stahylococci, S. pyogenes, S. agalactiae, S. aureus ATCC 29213, E. faecalis ATCC 29212) and Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli., K. pneumoniae, P. mirabilis, E. cloacae, S. marcescens, M morganii, A. baumannii, P. aeruginosa, S. maltophilia, E. coli ATCC 35218, P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853, E. coli ATCC 25922). All ethanolic extracts showed activity against gram-positive bacteria. Among all obtained extracts, only leaf and flower fluid extracts showed activity against Gram-negative bacteria. Based on this bioassay, leaf fluid extracts tended to be the most potent, followed by flower fluid extracts. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of extracts and antibiotics were comparatively determined by agar and broth dilution methods. Both extracts were active against S. aureus, coagulase-negative stahylococci, E. faecalis and E. faecium and all tested Gram-negative bacteria with MIC values from 0.067 to 0.308 mg/ml. In this study the minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) values were identical or twice as high than the corresponding MIC for leaf extracts and four or eight times higher than MIC values for flower extracts. This may indicate a bactericidal effect. Stored extracts have similar antibacterial activity as recently obtained extracts. The A. aroma extracts of leaves and flowers may be useful as antibacterial agents against Gram- negative and Gram-positive antibiotic multi-resistant microorganisms.     

钛合金和钴铬合金表面白色念珠菌粘附的研究

目的比较钛合金(Ti-6Al-4V)和钴铬合金(Chromium-Cobaltalloy)表面白色念珠菌粘附能力的大小,研究表面粗糙度与细菌粘附的关系。方法将不同表面粗糙度的钛合金和钴铬合金试件进行白色念珠菌体外粘附试验,采用菌落形成计数法测定试件表面的细菌粘附量。结果各钛合金试件组的细菌粘附量均少于相同表面粗糙度的钴铬合金试件组,两种金属试件表面的细菌粘附量均随表面粗糙度的增大而增加。结论钛合金较钴铬合金更能减少由白色念珠菌引起的义齿性口炎等并发症,同时修复体表面严格的研磨抛光也能有效减少这些并发症。     

Modeling and observer design for recombinant Escherichia coli strain

A mathematical model for recombinant bacteria which includes foreign protein production is developed. The experimental system consists of an Escherichia Coli strain and plasmid pIT34 containing genes for bioluminescence and production of a protein, β-galactosidase. This recombinant strain is constructed to facilitate on-line estimation and control in a complex bioprocess. Several batch experiments are designed and performed to validate the developed model. The design of a model structure, the identification of the model parameters and the estimation problem are three parts of a joint design problem. A nonlinear observer is designed and an experimental evaluation is performed on a batch fermentation process to estimate the substrate consumption.     

Identification of a denitrifying bacterium and verification of its anaerobic ammonium oxidation ability

A strain D3 of denitrifying bacterium was isolated from an anammox reactor,and identi-fied as Pseudomonas mendocina based on the morphological and physiological assay,Vitek test,Biolog test,(G C) mol% content,and 16S rDNA phylogenetic analysis.As a typical denitrifying bac-terium,strain D3 achieved the maximal nitrate reduction rate of 26.2 mg/(L·d) at the nitrate concen-tration of 88.5 mg N/L.The optimal pH and growth temperature were 7.84 and 34.9℃,respectively.Strain D3 was able to oxidize ammonia under anaerobic condition.The maximum nitrate and ammo-nium utilization rates were 6.37 mg/(L·d) and 3.34 mg/(L·d) ,respectively,and the consumption ratio of ammonia to nitrate was 1:1.91.Electron microscopic observation revealed peculiar cell inclusions in strain D3.Because of its relation to anammox activity,strain D3 was presumed to be anammoxosome.The present investigation proved that denitrifying bacteria have the anammox ability,and the results have engorged the range of anammox populations.     

The production-influencing factors of extracellular polysacchadde(EPS) from a Strain of lactic acid bacteria and EPS extraction

The influencing factors of extracellular polysaccharide(EPS)produced from a strain of lactic acid bacteria(LAB L15)were studied by using the phenol-H2SO4 method.It was demonstrated that the strain produced EPS at the most amount when it was incubated for 40-48 h and when the pH value was 4 under 30℃.Glucose was the most suitable carbon source for LAB-producing EPS.The rough EPS was obtained from L15 culture after centrifugation,dialysis,deprotein,decoloration,and ethanol-precipitation.The sample was at least composed of two polysaccharides mat were completely different in molecular weight and the amount.The purified EPS was passed through the SephadexG-200 colunm and it showed that it was a sample purified by thin layer chromatography.     

磁泳分离细菌新方法的研究

从酸性矿坑水中富集培养分离到的嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌（Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans,A.ferrooxidans）[1-2] 菌同趋磁细菌具有一定的相似性。通过显微镜观察发现,部分浸矿细菌在外加磁场的作用下具有微弱的趋磁性,基于菌种的这种特性,设计了磁泳分离仪,对其在磁场作用下泳动（磁泳）进行分析,经磁泳后的近磁、远磁菌的生理特性有较大的差异。从用涂布平板法获得的近磁菌纯培养A. ferrooxidans菌体中,分离得到纳米磁性颗粒,能谱分析表明,其主要成分为Fe和O元素。实验结果证明,A. ferrooxidans具有微弱趋磁性,采用磁泳分离该类菌体内含有磁性颗粒的细菌是可行的,这一分离技术的进一步完善和改进将为传统的微生物菌种分离提供一种新型分离技术,也将大大促进趋磁细菌的研究,而且它与浸矿工艺的结合将大大促进我国生物冶金的研究步伐。     

Origin of magnetosome membrane: proteomic analysis of magnetosome membrane and comparison with cytoplasmic membrane

Prokaryotes are known to have evolved one or more unique organelles. Although several hypotheses have been proposed concerning the biogenesis of these intracellular components, the majority of these proposals remains unclear. Magnetotactic bacteria synthesize intracellular magnetosomes that are enclosed by lipid bilayer membranes. From the identification and characterization of several surface and transmembrane magnetosome proteins, we have postulated that magnetosomes are derived from the cytoplasmic membrane (CM). To confirm this hypothesis, a comparative proteomic analysis of the magnetosome membrane (MM) and CM of the magnetotactic bacterium, Magnetospirillum magneticum AMB-1, was undertaken. Based on the whole genome sequence of M. magneticum AMB-1, 78 identified MM proteins were also found to be prevalent in the CM, several of which are related to magnetosome biosynthesis, such as Mms13, which is tightly bound on the magnetite surface. Fatty acid analysis was also conducted, and showed a striking similarity between the CM and MM profiles. These results suggest that the MM is derived from the CM.     

趋磁细菌及其应用于生物导航的研究进展

趋磁性细菌是一种由于体内含有对磁场具有敏感性的磁小体,而能够沿着磁力线运动的特殊细菌,本文综述了趋磁细菌的分布、分类、特性、磁小体研究以及趋磁细菌在生物导航方面的研究进展。     

南极产低温脂肪酶菌株Psychrobacter sp. 7195 的 选育、发酵条件及酶学性质研究

从南极普里兹湾深海沉积物中筛选到一株产低温脂肪酶的菌株7195,细菌学形态鉴定及16S rDNA序列分析表明该菌株属于嗜冷杆菌属 (Psychrobacter). 生长特性研究表明该菌株属于耐冷菌,其最适生长温度范围为5～15°C, 7195菌株能利用多种碳、氮源产酶.粗酶液经硫酸铵盐析、DEAE cellulose-52 柱层析进行初步分离纯化后进行酶学性质的研究. 该菌株所分泌的脂肪酶最适作用温度为30°C,最适pH值为9.0,对热敏感,60°C热处理10min剩余酶活为30%,是典型的低温酶. Ca2+、Mn2+、Cu2+对该酶有较为明显的激活作用,而Co2+、Zn2+、Hg2+、Rb2+、Cd2+、Fe3+、EDTA则能抑制酶活,此外该脂肪酶能在高浓度的SDS、CHAPS、Triton X-100、Tween 80、Tween20等变性剂中表现出较好的稳定性.     

Membrane rafts: a potential gateway for bacterial entry into host cells

Pathogenic bacteria have developed various mechanisms to evade host immune defense systems. Invasion of pathogenic bacteria requires interaction of the pathogen with host receptors, followed by activation of signal transduction pathways and rearrangement of the cytoskeleton to facilitate bacterial entry. Numerous bacteria exploit specialized plasma membrane microdomains, commonly called membrane rafts, which are rich in cholesterol, sphingolipids and a special set of signaling molecules which allow entry to host cells and establishment of a protected niche within the host. This review focuses on the current understanding of the raft hypothesis and the means by which pathogenic bacteria subvert membrane microdomains to promote infection.