产低温脂肪酶菌株Psychrobacter sp.7342的筛选及粗酶性质研究

从南北极环境土样中筛选到1株产脂肪酶细菌7342,16SrDNA序列分析表明该菌株属于Psychrobacter sp..p-NPP法研究显示,菌株7342所产粗酶液的最适温度为30℃、最适pH值为8.0,对热较稳定;Co2+和Cs+对粗酶液有激活作用,而Na+、Sr2+等7种金属离子对其均有不同程度的抑制作用;粗酶液能在高浓度的SDS、Tween20等变性剂中表现出较好的稳定性.     

产低温脂肪酶非极端细菌的筛选、产酶发酵及粗酶性质研究

目的：筛选产低温脂肪酶非极端细菌菌株,扩大脂肪酶的应用范围。方法：利用维多利亚蓝B平板显色法和摇瓶发酵法,从土壤中筛选产脂肪酶菌株,通过菌落形态和菌体特征观察初步对菌种进行鉴定,并对该菌株的产酶发酵培养基进行了优化。结果：得到一株产低温脂肪酶非极端细菌菌株sybc—li一1,该菌株适宜产酶培养基（％）为淀粉1、牛肉浸膏1、NaNO3 0．08、CaCl2 0．04、MgSO4 0．04、橄榄油2和OP1;初始DH8、30℃、200r／min培养72h,脂肪酶活力可高达到30．2U／mL;所产脂肪酶粗酶最适作用温度20℃,最适pH9．5,0℃时仍能保持70％的酶活性,属于低温酶;该酶与目前报道的低温脂肪酶相比,有较好的热稳定性,粗酶在pH8．5、70℃条件下保温60mla,酶活力损失30％。结论：该菌株为自然环境中筛选的非极端细菌,所产脂肪酶为低温脂肪酶,在开发应用上有良好的前景。     

低温脂肪酶产生菌的筛选、产酶发酵及粗酶性质研究

利用含有Tween 80的琼脂平板和摇瓶发酵法,从若尔盖高原土壤中筛选产脂肪酶菌株.通过菌落形态和菌体特征观察初步对菌种进行鉴定,得到一株产低温脂肪酶的适冷菌Pseudomonassp.DL-B,并设计正交试验对该菌株的产酶发酵培养条件进行了优化.摇瓶实验表明,该菌株最适产酶发酵培养基为:蔗糖10 g/L,蛋白胨20 ...     

南极耐冷 Pseudomonas sp. 7323低温脂肪酶的性质及基因克隆

 南极微生物是筛选低温酶的良好来源,但尚未得到充分的研究与开发.低温脂肪酶具有广阔的应用前景,其基因结构特征也具有重要的研究意义. 本文对南极微生物开展了低温脂肪酶产生菌的筛选、基因克隆及特征分析.采用功能筛选的方法,从南极普里兹湾深海沉积物中获得一株产低温脂肪酶的菌株7323,其最适温度和最高生长温度分别为20℃和30℃,属于耐冷菌.16S rDNA序列分析表明,该菌属于假单胞菌属（Pseudomonas）.通过设计引物扩增出的脂肪酶基因全长为1854　bp,该基因编码一个由617氨基酸、分子量预计为64466的蛋白质.氨基酸序列分析表明,该酶与Pseudomonas sp. UB48 的脂肪酶有89%的相似性,在催化区和C末端信号肽中存在高度保守的序列.纯化后的酶学性质研究表明,该脂肪酶的最适温度为35℃,最适pH值为9.0,为碱性低温酶.     

四株冰川雪细菌产酶能力的初步研究

目的:从青藏高原冰川雪中筛选出一菌多酶的菌株.方法:对恢复出的4个细菌,通过平板透明法研究其产淀粉酶、脂肪酶和蛋白酶的特性.结果:LHG-C-9为惟一可以产淀粉酶的菌株,所产脂肪酶活性最高.4个菌株均不产蛋白酶.结论:LHG-C-9最适生长温度为15℃,属于耐冷菌.对该菌所产淀粉酶和脂肪酶的性质进行了初步研究,其随产淀粉酶的最适作用温度为50℃;最佳产酶pH值为7.0,该pH值所产酶活为83.9U/mL;在60℃的高温下温浴10min后酶活为0%.该菌株所产脂肪酶的最适作用温度为20℃;最佳产酶pH值为7.0,该pH值所产酶活为9.2U/mL;50℃温浴1h后酶活力不足34%.     

低温淀粉酶菌株C2的分离鉴定及其产低温淀粉酶的酶学性质

获得低温淀粉酶高产菌株,确定该菌株所产淀粉酶的酶学性质.从大黑山(大连)污泥中筛选菌株,通过菌株的形态特征、生理生化和16S rDNA序列鉴定确定其种属,对其酶学性质进行初步研究.获得1株低温淀粉酶高产菌株C2,经鉴定其为微小杆菌属,C2所产低温淀粉酶最适反应温度为25℃,酶的热稳定性比较差,最适pH为7.5,Ca2+和Fe2+对该酶有激活作用,Cu2+、Ni2+、Go2+等抑制酶活性.经薄层层析(TLC)鉴定酶解产物为葡萄糖,说明该菌株具有产生低温淀粉糖化酶的能力.菌株C2所产淀粉酶符合低温淀粉酶性质,值得进一步研究.     

产β-甘露聚糖酶内生菌的筛选及酶学特性分析

采用富集培养的方法从黄豆种子中分离出17株内生菌菌株, 利用刚果红染色法筛选出3株产β-甘露聚糖酶的内生菌。摇瓶培养并分别测定其酶活力, 其中一株酶活力较高, 达54.59 U/mL。经生理生化性质测定及16S rDNA序列分析, 鉴定为枯草芽孢杆菌Bacillus subtilis。酶学性质分析发现, 该酶最适作用温度和pH分别为30 °C?50 °C和7.0, 在50 °C保温2 h酶活仍保留68%, pH 5.0?9.0条件下保温1 h酶活仍保留64%以上; Zn2+、Ca2+、Co2+、Ba2+、K+对该酶有激活作用, 其中以Ca2+的激活作用最为明显, 使酶活提高了31%, Mn2+和EDTA对该酶有抑制作用。     

产低温脂肪酶菌株CZW001发酵培养基优化研究

【目的】研究产低温脂肪酶菌株CZW001发酵培养基。【方法】在单因素试验的基础上, 采用Plackett-Burman (P-B)设计, Box-Behnken (B-B)设计和响应面试验设计(RSM), 在20 °C、pH 8.0、160?r/min发酵2 d条件下, 对发酵培养基进行优化。【结果】该菌株最适产酶培养基为(g/L): 葡萄糖7.68, 橄榄油21.93, 硫酸铵2.0, 磷酸二氢钾1.0, 硫酸镁0.27, 氯化钙0.3, 氯化钠20.0, 吐温-80 1.0。其最高酶活为62.8 U/mL, 比优化前提高了3.14倍。【结论】通过对产低温脂肪酶菌株CZW001发酵培养基优化研究, 明显提高低温脂肪酶活力。     

高产耐高温脂肪酶生产菌的筛选与鉴定

从小笼包蒸屉垫中筛选得到了两株脂肪酶高产菌株J2和J3,经形态观察以及26S rRNA基因(26S rDNA)序列比对鉴定,两株菌分别属于Aureobasidium属的两个变体。200 r/min、30℃下摇瓶发酵3-5 d后,以对硝基苯酚棕榈酸酯(p-NPP)作为底物,用分光光度法测得J2和J3发酵上清液中的脂肪酶酶活分别为10.61 U/m L和14.43 U/m L。对两株菌所产脂肪酶的耐热特性研究显示,菌株J2产脂肪酶的最适反应温度为50℃,并且酶液在50℃保温5 h无酶活损失;另一株菌J3所产脂肪酶的最适反应温度为60℃,酶液在50℃保温5 h后酶活剩余42.19%,在40℃保温5 h没有酶活损失。这表明J2和J3菌株所产脂肪酶具有较好的热稳定性和较高的最适反应温度。     

产低温脂肪酶菌株Geotrichum candidum ch-3的选育、发酵条件及酶学性质研究

从新疆昌吉市油脂化工厂的含油冻土中筛选到一株产低温脂肪酶的菌株ch-3,形态鉴定及18SrDNA序列分析表明该菌株为白地霉,命名为Geotrichum candidum ch-3。我们对其生长及产酶情况和酶性质做了初步研究。该菌株的最适生长温度是20℃。玉米浆、豆油可显著促进脂肪酶的产生。粗酶液经双水相萃取和Sephadex G-75凝胶过滤分离纯化后进行酶学性质的研究。该脂肪酶最适作用温度为35℃,在0℃可保持66%的相对酶活性,最适pH值为7.0,对热较敏感,50℃处理20min,剩余酶活为55%,Fe2＋、Cu2＋、Mn2＋以及Ca2＋对酶有较强的激活作用。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various