磁泳分离细菌新方法的研究

从酸性矿坑水中富集培养分离到的嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌（Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans,A.ferrooxidans）1-2] 菌同趋磁细菌具有一定的相似性。通过显微镜观察发现，部分浸矿细菌在外加磁场的作用下具有微弱的趋磁性，基于菌种的这种特性，设计了磁泳分离仪，对其在磁场作用下泳动（磁泳）进行分析，经磁泳后的近磁、远磁菌的生理特性有较大的差异。从用涂布平板法获得的近磁菌纯培养A. ferrooxidans菌体中，分离得到纳米磁性颗粒，能谱分析表明，其主要成分为Fe和O元素。实验结果证明，A. ferrooxidans具有微弱趋磁性，采用磁泳分离该类菌体内含有磁性颗粒的细菌是可行的，这一分离技术的进一步完善和改进将为传统的微生物菌种分离提供一种新型分离技术，也将大大促进趋磁细菌的研究，而且它与浸矿工艺的结合将大大促进我国生物冶金的研究步伐。

Isolation Bacteria by Use the Principle of Magnetic Separation

There are similarities between magnetotactic bacteria and Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans (A. ferrooxidans) which isolated from Acid mine drainage(AMD). The weak magnetotaxis of some bioleaching bacteria isolated were found by microscope. A magnetophoresis apparatus was designed based on these weak magnetotaxis and be used to analysis the movement of these strains. The physiological properties of the anear magnetic field strain and removed magnetic field strain which isolated successfully by magnetophoresis apparatus have large difference. The nanometer magnetic particles was extract from the Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans which purified by spread plate method from AMFS and its main elements are Fe and O by energy spectrum analysis. The results show that A. ferrooxidans have weak magnetotaxis and can be isolated by magnetophoresis. With the development of this new isolating method, the research of magnetotactic bacteria and bioleaching will get more benefit from it.