The immunostimulatory effects of hot-water extract of Gelidium amansii via immersion, injection and dietary administrations on white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei and its resistance against Vibrio alginolyticus

The total haemocyte count (THC), phenoloxidase activity, and respiratory burst were examined when white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei were immersed in seawater (34 per thousand) containing hot-water extract of red alga Gelidium amansii at 200, 400 and 600 mg l(-1), injected with hot-water extract at 4 and 6 microg g(-1) shrimp, and fed diets containing hot-water extract at 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 g kg(-1). These parameters increased significantly when shrimp were immersed in seawater containing hot-water extract at 400 and 600 mg l(-1) after 1h, when shrimp were injected with hot-water extract at 6 microg g(-1) shrimp after one day, and when shrimp were fed diets containing hot-water extract at 1.0 and 2.0 g kg(-1) after 14 days. Phagocytic activity and clearance efficiency were significantly higher for the shrimp that were fed diets containing hot-water extract at 1.0 and 2.0 g kg(-1) than those of shrimp that were fed diets containing hot-water extract at 0 and 0.5 g kg(-1) after 14 and 28 days. In a separate experiment, L. vannamei which had received hot-water extract via injection, or fed diets containing hot-water extract, were challenged after 3h or 28 days with V. alginolyticus at 2 x 10(6) cfu shrimp(-1) and 1 x 10(6) cfu shrimp(-1), respectively, and then placed in seawater. The survival of shrimp that were injected with hot-water extract at 6 microg g(-1) was significantly higher than that of control shrimp after 1 day, and the survival of shrimp fed diets containing hot-water extract at 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 g kg(-1) increased significantly after 3 days as well as at the end of the experiment (6 days after the challenge), respectively. It was concluded that L. vannamei that were immersed in hot-water extract at 400 mg l(-1), injected with hot-water extract at 6 microg g(-1) shrimp, and fed hot-water extract of G. amansii at 2.0 g kg(-1) or less showed increased immune ability as well as resistance to V. alginolyticus infection.     

Selective freezing of target biological tissues after injection of solutions with specific thermal properties

Cryosurgery is a minimally invasive surgical technique that employs the destructive effect of freezing to eradicate undesirable tissues. This paper proposes a flexible method to control the size and shape of the iceball by injecting solutions with specific thermal properties into the target tissues, to enhance freezing damage to the diseased tissues while preserving the normal tissues from injury. The cryosurgical procedure was performed using a minimally invasive cryoprobe cooled by liquid nitrogen (LN2) to obtain deep regional freezing. Several needle thermocouples were applied simultaneously to record the transient temperature to detect the freezing effect on the tissues. Simulation experiments on biological tissue (fresh pork) were performed in vitro and four different liquids were injected into the test materials; these were distilled water, an aqueous suspension of aluminum nanoparticles in water, ethanol, and a 10% solution of the cryoprotective agent dimethyl sulfoxide (Me2SO). The experimental results demonstrate that the localized injection of an appropriate solution could enhance the tumor-killing effect without altering the freezing conditions. The study also suggests the potential value of combining cryosurgery with other therapeutic methods, such as electrical, chemical, and thermal treatments, to develop new clinical modalities in the near future.     

心脉隆注射液联合重组人脑钠肽治疗慢性心衰患者的临床观察

目的:探讨心脉隆注射液联合重组人脑钠肽治疗慢性心衰患者的临床效果及对患者心功能、血清N端脑钠肽前体(N-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide, NT-proBNP)、胶原、一氧化氮(Nitric oxide, NO)、内皮素-1(endothelin-1, ET-1)水平的影响。方法:选择2015年1月至2017年5月在我院治疗的慢性心衰患者80例,根据随机数字法将其分为对照组和观察组。对照组采用重组人脑钠肽静脉治疗,观察组在此基础上加用心脉隆注射液,治疗14天。观察和比较两组患者治疗前后的心功能指标、血清NT-proBNP、胶原、NO、ET-1水平的变化、临床疗效及不良反应的发生情况。结果:治疗后,观察组总有效率为97.5%,显著高于对照组(82.5%,P0.05)。治疗前,两组左心射血分数(left ventricular ejection fraction, LVEF)、每搏输出量(SV, Stroke volume)、心脏指数(CI, Cardiac index)、心率(HR, heart rate)、血清NT-proBNP、NO、ET-1、胶原水平比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后,两组LVEF、SV、CI、NO均较治疗前明显升高(P0.05),血清NT-proBNP、ET-1、胶原水平均较治疗前明显下降(P0.05),且观察组治疗前后各指标的变化幅度均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。在治疗过程中,对照组出现1例低血压,2例头疼,1例恶心,不良反应发生率为10%;观察组出现1例头痛,不良反应发生率为2.5%,但两组不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:心脉隆注射液联合重组人脑钠肽治疗慢性心衰的临床疗效显著优于重组人脑钠肽静脉治疗,其可有效降低患者血清NT-proBNP、胶原、ET-1的水平并升高血清NO的水平、改善患者心功能,且安全性更高。     

血必净联合利奈唑胺注射液对老年重症肺炎患者血清肺表面活性蛋白、基质金属蛋白酶及其组织抑制剂水平的影响

目的:探讨血必净联合利奈唑胺注射液治疗老年重症肺炎患者的临床疗效及对患者血清肺表面活性蛋白(Pulmonary surfactant protein,SP)、基质金属蛋白酶(Matrix metalloproteinases,MMPs)及其组织抑制剂(Matrix metalloproteinases tissue inhibitor,TIMPs)水平的影响。方法:选择我院2015年6月～2017年12月收治的101例老年重症肺炎患者,按随机数字表法分为对照组(n=48)和研究组(n=53)。对照组采用利奈唑胺注射液治疗,研究组在对照组基础上采用血必净治疗。比较两组临床疗效,细菌清除情况,症状缓解时间,治疗前后血清SP、MMPs、TIMPs水平的变化,动脉血气,肺功能,不良反应的发生情况和28天内病死率。结果:治疗后,研究组有效率、细菌清除率均显著高于对照组(均P0.05),发热消失、血常规恢复、痰液颜色改变及胸部影像明显吸收时间均明显短于对照组(P0.05);两组血清SP-A、SP-B、SP-C、SP-D、MMP-2、MMP-9及TIMP-1及TIMP-2、血氧饱和度(blood oxygen saturation,SaO_2)、动脉血二氧化碳分压(arterial blood,PaCO_2)、动脉血二氧化碳分压(arterial blood CO_2 partial pressure of CO_2 partial pressure,PaCO_2)、峰流速(peak velocity of flow,PEF)水平均较治疗前显著下降,而血氧饱和度(blood oxygen saturation,SaO_2)、氧分压(oxygen partial pressure,PaO2)、最大呼气中段流量(maximum tidal midexpiratory flow,MMF)、用力肺活量(forced vital capacity,FVC)均较治疗前明显上升,且研究组以上指标变化较对照组更明显(均P0.05)。两组不良反应的发生情况比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),而研究组在28天内病死率显著低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:血必净联合利奈唑胺注射液对老年重症肺炎患者的疗效优于单用利奈唑胺注射液治疗,可能与其显著降低患者血清SP、MMPs及TIMPs水平,改善肺功能,降低病死率有关。     

参芪扶正注射液联合地西他滨对急性髓系白血病患者血清HGF、VEGF与LDH水平的影响

目的:探讨参芪扶正注射液联合地西他滨对急性髓系白血病患者血清肝细胞生长因子(HGF)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)与乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)水平的影响。方法:选择2014年8月至2016年8月我院接诊的84例急性髓系白血病患者,通过随机数表法分为观察组(n=42)和对照组(n=42)。对照组给予地西他滨+DA化疗方案(柔红霉素+阿糖胞苷),观察组联合参芪扶正注射液,两组均以21d为1个周期,连续治疗2个周期。比较两组治疗前后血常规、血清HGF、VEGF和LDH水平的变化、临床疗效及不良反应的发生情况。结果:治疗后,两组血常规、血清HGF、VEGF和LDH水平均较治疗前显著改善(P0.05);观察组白细胞计数(WBC)明显低于对照组,血红蛋白(HGB)、血小板计数(PLT)、中性粒细胞计数(NEU)水平明显高于对照组(P0.05);观察组临床疗效总缓解率明显高于对照组(P0.05);观察组恶心呕吐、感染、多汗、出血、心脏毒性发生率均明显低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:应用参芪扶正注射液联合地西他滨治疗急性髓系白血病患者的临床效果显著,有助于降低毒副反应,其内在机制可能和降低血清HGF、VEGF、LDH的水平相关。     

香菇多糖注射液联合CHOP化疗治疗弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤的疗效及对Bcl-6、Ki-67、VEGF、β2-MG表达的影响

目的:探讨香菇多糖注射液联合CHOP化疗治疗弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤的疗效及对B细胞淋巴瘤因子-6(Bcl-6)、Ki-67抗原(Ki-67)、内皮细胞生长因子(VEGF)、β2微球蛋白(β2-MG)表达的影响。方法:选取2010年1月~2011年12月我院收治的64例弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤患者作为研究对象,按治疗方式进行分组,采用香菇多糖注射液联合CHOP化疗治疗的患者为观察组,单纯采用CHOP化疗治疗的患者为对照组。比较两组患者短期疗效、治疗前后Bcl-6、Ki-67、VEGF、β2-MG的表达情况、不良反应的发生情况及生存情况。结果:治疗后,观察组治疗总有效率显著高于对照组[84.38%(27/32)vs.53.13(17/32)](P0.05);肿瘤组织Bcl-6阳性表达率高于对照组[84.38%(27/32)vs.62.50%(20/32)](P0.05),Ki-67、VEGF、β2-MG阳性表达率均低于对照组[31.25%(10/32)vs.59.38%(19/32),28.13%(9/32)vs.56.25%(18/32),18.75%(6/32)vs.40.63%(13/32)](P0.05);不良反应总发生率低于对照组[21.88%(7/32)vs.46.88%(15/32)](P0.05);第5年随访时存活率高于对照组[59.38%(19/32)vs.34.38%(11/32)](P0.05)。结论:香菇多糖注射液联合CHOP化疗方案治疗弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤可有效提高近期疗效、生存率及生存质量,且安全性高,可能与其改善机体肿瘤组织中Bcl-6、Ki-67、VEGF、β2-MG的表达有关。     

64 排螺旋CT不同重建方法在桡骨下端隐匿性骨折诊断中的临床应用

目的:研究64排螺旋CT不同重建方法在桡骨下端隐匿性骨折(OFDR)诊断中的临床应用。方法:选择2012年6月至2015年6月在我院接受手术治疗的46例OFDR患者作为研究对象,所有患者均通过64层的Somatom Definition AS型CT机实施双侧腕关节的容积扫描,分别利用轴位、矢状位及冠状位MPR以及VR等重建方法评价OFDR图像,对比不同方位的多平面重建(MPR)图像与容积重建(VR)图像对于OFDR的显示率情况,CT不同重建方法的诊断情况及诊断价值。结果:四种方式联合检测对于OFDR的显示率最高,为100.00%。矢状位MPR及冠状位MPR对于OFDR的显示率均分别显著高于轴位MPR及VR,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。轴位MPR的真阳性26例,真阴性4例;矢状位MPR的真阳性41例,真阴性1例;冠状位MPR的真阳性36例,真阴性2例;VR的真阳性23例,真阴性1例;四种方式联合检测的真阳性44例,真阴性2例。四种方式联合检测的灵敏度、特异度及准确度均最高,为100.00%,其次为矢状位MPR及冠状位MPR。结论:64排螺旋CT能够较好地诊断OFDR,重建方法应用矢状位MPR及冠状位MPR可获得更为清晰的图像显示价值,效果明显,值得临床应用。     

灯盏花素粉针剂在不同pH值溶媒中的稳定性观察

目的观察灯盏花素粉针剂在不同pH值溶液中的稳定性。方法在室温(20℃)下,将5%、10%葡萄糖注射液及0.9%氯化钠注射液的pH值调整为3.3、3.6、3.9、4.2后,再分别加入灯盏花素粉针剂,并采用紫外分光光度法在6 h内的不同时间取样测定其含量。结果灯盏花素粉针剂在溶液pH值为3.3时,含量下降很快;pH值为3.6、3.9时,含量下降变缓;pH值为4.2时,含量趋于稳定,无明显变化。结论影响灯盏花素粉针剂稳定性的主要因素是稀释溶媒的pH值。当pH值在3.3~3.6时,灯盏花素易产生浑浊沉淀现象,故建议临床不用葡萄糖注射液作灯盏花素粉针剂的稀释溶媒为好。     

高效液相色谱法测定川射干鸢尾苷元磺酸钠及其制剂泰克吉宁注射液含量和有关物质

建立高效液相色谱法测定鸢尾苷元磺酸钠(4′,5,7-三羟基-6-甲氧基异黄酮-5′-磺酸钠)及其制剂泰克吉宁注射液的含量及有关物质。采用C18色谱柱(150×4.6mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇-5%醋酸水(80:20),流速为1.0mL/min,检测波长为263nm。鸢尾苷元磺酸钠在11～100μg/mL范围内线性关系良好,回归方程Y=43.3609X-1.5973(r=0.99998),平均回收率为99.77%(n=9)。最低检测限为0.052μg/mL,与有关物质分离良好。本法快速、简便、准确,专属性强。     

前列地尔注射液联合生脉注射液治疗 不稳定型心绞痛疗效观察

目的：探讨前列地尔注射液联合生脉注射液治疗不稳定心绞痛的疗效。方法：在于2004年12月至2005年12月期间住院的80例患者,随机分配为常规组和观察组各40例。常规组给予硝酸异山梨脂,阿司匹林和能量合剂等常规治疗,观察组在常规治疗的基础上给予前列地尔注射液（三精制药）200μg,ivgtt,qd,14d,同时给予生脉注射液（益盛药业）80ml,ivgtt,qd,14d。观察常规组和观察组在治疗前后的临床症状变化和心电图变化。结果：常规组和观察组的疗效有显著差异（p〈0．01）。结论：在常规治疗的基础上加用前列地尔注射液联合生脉注射液治疗不稳定型心绞痛,疗效显著。