16层CT多平面重建与最大密度投影诊断孤立性肺结节的应用价值

目的:探讨多层CT后处理技术对孤立性肺结节的诊断价值。方法:对符合条件的56例患者行CT扫描,原始采集层厚为0.75mm,重建层厚7mm。发现结节时利用层厚为0.75mm的原始数据对病灶及周围组织进行三维重建,MPR重建包括冠状位、矢状位和病灶最大径平面图像,应用后处理软件重建出最大密度投影图像。结果:56例肺结节中恶性结节31例,良性结25例。4例假阴性包括2例腺癌、1例鳞癌和1例小细胞癌,4例病灶直径均小于1.0cm。5例假阳性包括2例肌纤维母细胞瘤和3例结核球。三维率>1.5的肺结节89%是良性SPN。结论:多层CT多平面重建与最大密度投影技术有助于孤立性肺结节的定性诊断,多平面重建技术的价值优于最大密度投影技术。     

肺动脉栓塞的64层螺旋CT血管成像技术分析

目的从技术上探讨64层螺旋CT肺动脉造影对肺栓塞的诊断的价值。方法对62例临床疑诊肺栓塞的患者行64排螺旋CT肺动脉造影检查,采用最大密度投影(MIP)、多平面重建(MPR)、曲面重建(CPR)、容积漫游(VR)及仿真内窥镜等后处理技术,分析所获得的相关CT资料。结果64排多层螺旋CT肺动脉造影可较准确、清晰、全面地显示24例累及肺动脉及其分支共152处栓子的位置、形态、范围和程度。结论64排多层螺旋CT肺动脉造影是肺栓塞及时准确无创的诊断方法,是临床诊断肺栓塞的首选筛查办法,对肺动脉栓塞的诊断具有明显的技术优势。     

64层MSCT血管成像对婴幼儿主动脉缩窄及离断的评价

目的:评价64层螺旋CT血管成像在婴幼儿主动脉缩窄及离断诊断中的应用价值及其准确性.方法:对临床和超声怀疑主动脉缩窄的21例患儿行胸片、心脏大血管彩超及CT主动脉成像,其中5例行DSA检查,16例进行了手术治疗.CT血管重建技术包括VR、MIP、MPR及CPR等,对主动脉缩窄程度、长度、侧枝血管显示情况进行评价,并比较原始数据、VR、MPR、MIP及CPR几种后处理方式对主动脉缩窄诊断的准确性和敏感性.结果:21例患者中,19例为主动脉缩窄,2例为主动脉离断.病变部位于左锁骨下动脉远端、动脉导管开口附近20例(95.2%),正对左锁骨下动脉1例(4.8%).病变部位位于动脉导管近段2例,动脉导管附着处3例,动脉导管远段16例.多层螺旋CTA对主动脉狭窄诊断的总体准确率和敏感性均为100%,对主动脉缩窄的显示以靶血管VR最好,其次是CPR和MPR;对侧枝血管的显示以整体VR和CPR最好,其次是MIP和MPR;而整体VR和原始轴位图像对主动脉缩窄显示较差.结论:64层MSCT血管成像各种后处理技术相结合能为主动脉缩窄及离断患者提供了更多有价值的诊断信息,有助于临床术前评估和制定恰当的治疗方案.     

单排CT轴位螺旋扫描联合冠状面重组技术对鼻腔鼻窦检查的意义

目的：研究在单排CT轴位螺旋扫描联合多层面重组技术重建冠状面影像诊断鼻腔疾病,评价其诊断价值和可行性。方法：对2012年1月-2013年3月我院耳鼻咽喉科进行单排CT轴位螺旋扫描的患者,共219例,对这些患者加做冠状位扫描,比较重建后的影像资料与直接冠状位扫描的图像的分辨率情况,并评估重建质量及运用价值。,结果：单排CT轴位螺旋扫描后冠状面重组的图像：边界清楚、完整,数据无丢失。利用重组技术后重建的结构清晰、连续,能够真实地反映鼻腔、鼻窦及病变结构的实际情况。但分辨率较直接冠状位平扫的患者稍差。结论：单排CT轴位螺旋扫描后冠状面重组的图像,虽然分辨率不如直接冠状位扫描图像高,但与解剖结构、原图像等相结合仍能分辨出病变情况,基本可以满足诊断要求和临床需要。     

CT血管成像后处理技术在肠系膜血管栓塞诊断中的应用

目的探讨CT血管成像（CT Angiography,CTA）后处理技术在肠系膜血管栓塞诊断中的应用价值。方法50例肠系膜血管栓塞患者,均行螺旋CT增强扫描,原始数据采用多平面重组（MPR）、容积成像（VR）和最大密度投影（MIP）方法进行后处理,观察其对明确诊断所起的作用。结果MPR、VR和MIP方法均能显示病变,以MPR显示率最高,结合3种方法可以获得明确诊断。结论CTA能够明确肠系膜血管栓塞的诊断,MPR进行图像后处理的价值最大。     

HRCT及后处理技术在诊断鼻区复合性骨折中的价值

目的:探讨CT高分辨率扫描及其后处理技术在鼻区复合性骨折诊断中的应用价值。方法:77例鼻区骨折病例采用横轴面和冠状面高分辨率扫描并进行多平面重组(MPR)、容积重建(VR),分别评价有无骨折并分型。结果:77例鼻区骨折病例中:单纯性鼻骨骨折14例,单纯性鼻旁骨骨折5例,鼻区复合性骨折58例。在58例鼻区复合性骨折中:横轴面诊断与HRCT+MPR+VR诊断不一致23例,冠状面12例。结论:横轴面、冠状面高分辨率扫描均应结合后处理技术才能避免在鼻区复合性骨折诊断中漏误诊。     

多排螺旋CT后处理技术对不规则骨骨折的诊断价值

目的:探讨多排螺旋CT及其后处理技术在诊断不规则骨骨折中的诊断价值。方法:用16排螺旋CT对25例怀疑颅骨、脊柱或关节附近骨折的外伤患儿进行扫描并进行后处理(MPR、VR)。结果:25例病例中颅骨骨折15例,脊柱骨折5例,四肢关节骨折5例(其中3例关节内骨折伴有骺软骨损伤)。结论:对于不规则骨骨折,多排螺旋CT及其后处理重建具有很大的优越性,应横断位、MPR及VR三者相结合判断,为临床提供丰富的、科学的、准确的信息依据。     

64排螺旋CT三维透明化VR重建在内耳畸形诊断中的应用

目的:研究三维透明化VR重建在内耳畸形中的表现,为先天性内耳疾病提供准确的影像诊断和临床治疗信息.方法:回顾32耳内耳畸形的64排HRCT容积数据,行三维透明化重建处理,按内耳畸形分类总结三维透明化重建方法及影像表现.结果:32耳的三维透明化VR重建图像结合透明化MPR重组图像均能很好揭示内耳畸形病变部位及程度,其中VR图像可以直观、立体地显示畸形的空间形态结构,透明化MPR重组图像可很好显示病变细节.本组先天内耳发育畸形有以下几种:耳蜗未发育(2耳);共同腔畸形(4耳);不完全分隔Ⅰ型(2耳,两例患者对侧耳均为共同腔畸形);不完全分隔Ⅱ型(即Mondini型)(16耳,多合并前庭、半规管及前庭导水管畸形);单纯前庭-半规管畸形2耳;单纯前庭导水管扩大(6耳).结论:三维透明化个性重建能准确评价内耳先天性疾病的类型和程度,为临床治疗提供重要的参考依据.     

64层螺旋CTA容积重建结合轴位图像对明确颈部包块与血管关系的价值

目的:探讨64层螺旋CT血管成像(CTA)对明确颈部包块与周围血管关系的价值。方法:采用GE LightSpeed6 4层螺旋CT对25例颈部包块患者行颈部平扫及增强扫描,将获得的原始数据传入ADW4.3后处理工作站,血管重建技术选择容积重建(VR),诊断采用VR与轴位图像相结合的方式。结果:淋巴性病变10例,包括淋巴结结核2例、淋巴结转移4例、淋巴瘤4例,非淋巴性病变15例,包括淋巴管瘤1例、腮腺混合瘤2例、甲状腺癌4例、甲状腺腺瘤3例、孤立性纤维瘤1例、蔓状血管瘤2例、表皮样囊肿1例、咽旁脓肿1例。包块位于气管两侧6例,左侧15例,右侧4例;位于甲状腺内7例,腮腺内2例,颈动脉间隙11例,1例位于咽旁,其余4例位于颈部表浅组织内;颈部包块致毗邻血管移位、变形9例,其中动脉7例、静脉2例;颈部包块侵袭及包绕血管3例,包括动脉1例、静脉2例,其中1例静脉内血栓形成;颈部包块与血管关系密切2例;颈动脉发出分支供应颈部包块1例;其余10例与颈部血管无明显关系。结论:64层螺旋CTA容积重建结合轴位图像,可较准确地明确颈部包块与血管之间的关系。     

64层螺旋CT增强扫描在急诊胸部创伤中的初步应用

目的：探讨64层螺旋CT增强扫描在急诊胸部创伤中的诊断价值及临床意义。方法：18例急诊胸部创伤患者均行胸部64层螺旋CT平扫及增强扫描。采用最大密度投影（MIP）、曲面重建（CPR）和容积再现技术（VR）对胸部大血管进行重建、分析。将CT诊断结果与手术、随访复查结果进行比较。结果：18例中,CT平扫显示胸部主要损伤有：肺挫伤10例（55.56%）,血胸及肋骨骨折各9例（50%）,气胸8例（44.44%）,锁骨骨折6例（33.33%）。CT增强扫描诊断心脏大血管损伤7例,其中锁骨下动脉假性动脉瘤3例,胸主动脉假性动脉瘤2例,胸主动脉夹层和心包破裂各1例。CT增强扫描结果与手术、临床随访结果相吻合。结论：64层螺旋CT增强扫描是全面而准确地诊断急诊胸部创伤的重要影像技术,可以对CT平扫不能确定的心脏、大血管的损伤情况作出明确判断,对临床救治方案的早期确定具有重要的指导意义。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

Time of detection of recessive genes: effects of system of mating and number of examined individuals

Summary Anthers were cultured from two sets of seven lines of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with different cytoplasms, the euplasmic nucleus donors, Siete Cerros 66 and Penjamo 62, as well as their six alloplasmic lines derived from wild relative species of the genera Triticum and Aegilops. Significant cytoplasmic and nuclear effects but no cytoplasmic-nuclear interaction were found for embryogenic anther response, with the best performance of Penjamo 62 in Ae. kotschyi cytoplasm. Plant regeneration was not affected significantly by the cytoplasmic background of the lines cultured. The possible genetic implications of the observed cytoplasmic and nuclear influences on the in vitro haploid induction of wheat are discussed.