家兔脊髓蛛网膜下腔注射乙酰胆碱对血压和心率的影响

将乙酰胆碱(ACh)注入麻醉家兔脊髓蛛网膜下腔,观察其对心血管活动的影响。结果表明:(1)脊髓蛛网膜下腔注射50～100μg ACh可使血压下降,心率减慢;(2)预先由脊髓蛛网膜下腔注射阿托品,可阻断ACh引起的降压和降心率作用;(3)脊髓蛛网膜下腔注射六甲双铵、酚妥拉明或心得安均不能阻断上述ACh的心血管反应;(4)切断两侧颈部迷走神经,ACh不再使心率减慢,但其降低血压的作用不受到任何影响。 脊髓中ACh水平升高可通过激活胆碱能M-受体引起血压下降和心率减慢。ACh的这种降压作用既没有中枢肾上腺素能受体活动参与,也不是通过迷走神经实现的,可能是由于脊髓交感血管中枢紧张性降低所造成的。     

Toxicity to alveolar macrophages in rats following parenteral injection of mercuric chloride

Alveolar macrophages collected by pulmonary lavage from male Fisher-344 rats at intervals (24–72 h) after HgCl₂ injection (1–5 mg/kg, sc) were analyzed by several techniques. Within 24–72 h, the macrophages showed morphological signs of activation (hypertrophy and ruffled plasma membrane). Lipid peroxidation (increased malondialdehyde concentration) was not detected until 48 h. Dose- and time-related effects of HgCl₂ on malondialdehyde concentration and time-related effects of HgCl₂ on malondialdehyde concentration and mercury content of alveolar macrophages were observed 24–72 h postinjection. Diminished cell viability occurred only at 72 h after the highest dosage of HgCl₂. This study demonstrates that the alveolar macrophage was a cellular target for mercury toxicity following parenteral exposure to HgCl₂.     

自发性高血压大鼠中枢5－HT_（1A）受体的特性

本文用放射性配基［３Ｈ］８－ＯＨ－ＤＰＡＴ的结合实验显示,自发性高血大鼠（ＳＨＲ）海马、下丘脑及低位脑干的５－ＨＴ１Ａ受体结合位点数较正常Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠为多,其中以海马最为显著;脑干的５－ＨＴ１Ａ受体虽较正常Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠多,但不太明显。ＳＨＲ下丘脑中５－ＨＴ１Ａ受体除结合位点较正常Ｗｉｓｔａｒ鼠多外,亲和力也有增大。以上结果表明,ＳＨＲ与正常Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠之间各脑区中５－ＨＴ１Ａ受体的差别可能与高血压病的发生有关。     

Determination of ammonium and L-Glutamine in hybridoma cell cultures by sequential flow injection analysis

A flow injection anlytical system based on a gas diffusion membrane module for ammonia and an ammonium flow-through potentiometric detector has been set up for measurement of L-glutamine and ammonium ions in hybridoma cell cultures. The main feature of the system is that the same basic analytical concept and equipment is used in both measurements, the only difference being for the determination of L-glutamine, in which the sample flows through an immobilized glutaminase cartridge. The conditions to enable the performance of both analysis consecutively, avoiding potential interferences by unwanted deamination of other compounds in the samples, have been determined. Finally, the proposed system has been compared with reference analytical methods for batch hybridoma cell culture experiments.     

Monitoring glutamine in animal cell cultures using a chemiluminescence fiber optic biosensor

Together with flow injection analysis (FIA), a chemiluminescence (CL) fiber optic biosensor system has been developed for determining glutamine in animal cell cultures. Glutaminase (GAH) and glutamate oxidase (GLO) were onto separate porous aminopropyl glass beads via glutaraldehyde activation and packed to form an enzyme column. These two enzymes acted in sequence on glutamine to produce hydrogen peroxide, which was then reacted with luminol in the presence of ferricyanide to produce a light signal. An anion exchanger was introduced on-line to eliminate interfering endogenous glutamate in view of its negative charge at pH above 3.22 (isoelectric pH). Among several resins tested, the acetate form was most effective, and this type of ion exchanger also effectively adsorbed uric acid, acetaminophen, and aspartic acid.There was an excellent linear relationship between the CL response and standard glutamine concentration in the range 1 to 100 muM. A complete analysis could be performed in 2 min, including sampling and washing with a good reproducibility (+/- 4.4%). Both the bi-enzymic and ion exchange columns were useful for at least 500 analyses when the biosensor system was applied for the glutamine determination in murine hybridoma cell cultures and insect cell cultures. The values obtained compared well with those of HPLC, thus validating the applicability of the CL fiber optic system. (c) 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Flow injection assays for NADH and ethanol using photosensitized rose bengal and luminol–copper (II) chemiluminescence system

The online photoreaction of the rose bengal photosensitized luminol–copper (II) chemiluminescence (CL) system was used for the determination of β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and ethanol (EtOH) in pharmaceutical formulations combined with a flow injection technique. NADH can significantly enhance the CL emission of the reaction. For EtOH, alcohol dehydrogenase in soluble form was utilized in the presence of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide resulting in NADH production. The limit of detection (3σ blank, 𝑛 = 3) of 4.0 × 10⁻⁸ and 2.17 × 10⁻⁵ M, and linear range 1.3 × 10⁻⁷ to 2.5 × 10⁻⁵ M (R² = 0.9998, n = 6) and 0.11–2.17 × 10⁻³ M (R² = 0.9996, n = 6) were obtained for NADH and EtOH respectively. The injection rate was 100 h⁻¹ with a relative standard deviation (n = 3) of 1.5–4.8% in the range studied for both analytes. The procedure was satisfactorily applied to pharmaceutical formulations with recoveries in the range 91.6 ± 3.0% to 110 ± 2.0% for NADH and 88 ± 3.0% to 95.4 ± 4.0% for EtOH. The results obtained were very consistent and did not differ considerably from the reported approaches at a 95% confidence limit. The possible mechanism of the CL reaction is also explained briefly.     

油藏注入水靶向脱硫潜力的高温脱硫菌群富集驯化

【背景】海上油田见聚后产出水硫化物超标,影响到注聚水的配聚黏度,采用生物脱硫时,由于常规除硫菌难以适应除油后产出液的高温,使得脱硫效果不佳。【目的】分析海上采出液水处理过程的菌群结构,明确生物处理各节点的菌群构成变化;开展耐高温脱硫菌驯化筛选,获得耐高温的高效脱硫菌。【方法】采集来自胜利油田海三站的水样,以16S rRNA基因高通量测序技术分析样本菌群结构,并分别在不同温度(55、60和65℃)下的无机富集培养基中进行多轮转接驯化,结合常压室温等离子体(atmospheric and room temperature plasma, ARTP)诱变技术筛选获得耐高温的脱硫菌群,采用宏基因组测序技术分析富集菌群的组成,并测定其脱硫能力。【结果】处理前的采出液水样含有较多的嗜热菌和硫酸盐还原菌,如Thermodesulfovibrio、Pseudothermotoga、Thermolithobacter、Fervidobacterium、Thermovenabulales和Pseudomonas;以厌氧气浮除油工艺处理的出水中,嗜氢菌属(Hydrogenophilus)成为最主要的优势菌,...     

人脐带间充质干细胞重复静脉注射动物毒性试验

摘要 目的：评价多次尾静脉注射脐带间充质干细胞（hUC-MSCs）对小鼠的体内毒性作用。方法：48只健康ICR小鼠,按性别和体重随机分为4组（即对照组、低剂量组、中剂量组和高剂量组）。小鼠通过微静脉注射不同剂量hUC-MSCs悬浮液,间隔3天给药1次,共给药4次。记录小鼠摄食量、体重、体温,给药结束后恢复两周后牺牲动物作大体解剖,检查各个器官器质性病变;利用流式细胞仪分别检测CD3、CD4、CD8阳性细胞亚群数量;ELISA试剂盒检测血清IgM、IgG、C3、C4指标;对肺脏、脾脏、肾脏行组织病理学检查。结果：实验组与对照组相比较,注射不同剂量干细胞后一般观察、体重、体温、摄食量、IgM以及C3在给药期和恢复期均未发生显著变化。在恢复期,注射中、高剂量hUC-MSCs组血清IgG和C4水平略有降低,但未达到显著水平P<0.05;CD4阳性T细胞集群数量以及CD4/CD8系数在hUC-MSCs中、高剂量组显著上升（P<0.05）。大体剖检,除脾脏相比溶媒对照组略显增大外其它各器官均未发现肉眼可见明显异常;称重后发现hUC-MSCs高剂量组脾重量与溶媒对照组相比显著升高（P<0.05）。脾脏、肺脏、肾脏病理学检测未见明显异常。结论：健康ICR小鼠尾静脉注射临床剂量hUC-MSCs（1×10⁶ cells/kg）可能调动动物免疫反应,此外,未观察到hUC-MSCs对小鼠有明显毒副作用。     

不同容量胸段经椎间孔硬膜外注射阻滞范围的CT影像研究及诊断性阻滞的可行性分析

摘要 目的：探讨不同容量对胸段经椎间孔硬膜外注射（TFEI）药液扩散范围和镇痛效果的影响以及胸段TFEI用于诊断性阻滞的可行性。方法：选择2021年1月至2022年12月南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院收治的胸段带状疱疹相关疼痛患者140例,随机分为4组,实施单次TFEI并分别注入不同容量含造影剂局麻药（A组：0.2 mL;B组：0.5 mL;C组：1.0 mL;D组：2 mL）,CT扫描并观察造影剂在硬膜外向头侧、尾侧及总扩散节段,造影剂在椎间孔、同侧椎旁间隙、同侧及对侧硬膜外间隙扩散情况,判断是否为选择性神经根阻滞。评估注射前、注射后30分钟及24小时视觉模拟评分（VAS）。结果：头侧和尾侧扩散节段以及总扩散节段数,D组最多,A组最少（P<0.05）;C组、D组造影剂扩散≥3个节段发生率明显高于B组（P<0.05）;C组、D组病例造影剂扩散至同侧椎旁间隙和对侧硬膜外间隙的发生率明显高于A组、B组（P<0.05）,仅A组37.1%的病例实现选择性神经根阻滞,其余各组均无选择性阻滞病例。注射后30分钟,C、D组VAS评分显著低于A、B组（P<0.05）;注射后24小时,D组VAS评分显著低于A、B组（P<0.05）。结论：胸段带状疱疹相关疼痛患者TFEI药液扩散范围随注射容量的增加而扩大,且在硬膜外倾向于头侧扩散,2 mL容量单次TFEI可阻滞3个以上的神经节段,获得良好的镇痛效果。胸段TFEI行诊断性阻滞的可行性较差。     

丹参素注射液对急性心肌梗死大鼠的心室重构、心室功能及肢体导联与胸导联心电图参数的影响

摘要 目的：探讨丹参素注射液对急性心肌梗死大鼠的心室重构、心室功能及肢体导联与胸导联心电图参数的影响。方法：选择SD大鼠40只,将其鼠随机模型组、假手术组、硝酸甘油组、丹参注射液组。假手术组大鼠给予只在冠状动脉处穿针,不进行结扎,其余步骤同其余3组,其余3组均进行动物模型构建。假手术组、模型组大鼠均腹腔注射氯化钠注射液,硝酸甘油组腹腔注射硝酸甘油,丹参注射液组腹腔注射丹参注射液。对比4组大鼠的肢体导联与胸导联心电图参数,对比4组大鼠的血液流变学指标、左心室功能及左心室重构。结果：模型组的Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVL、aVF、V1、V2、V5、血浆粘度、纤维蛋白原、红细胞聚集指数、舒张末期室间隔厚度、左室舒张末期内径、左室收缩末期内径、左室舒张末期容积、左室收缩末期容积明显较假手术组、硝酸甘油组、丹参注射液组高,硝酸甘油、丹参注射液组以上指标明显较假手术组高,模型组的的左室舒张末期厚度、左室射血分数、左室短轴缩短率明显较假手术组、硝酸甘油组、丹参注射液组低,硝酸甘油、丹参注射液组的左室舒张末期厚度、左室射血分数、左室短轴缩短率明显较假手术组低。模型组的左心室重量指数、左心室截面直径明显较假手术组、硝酸甘油组、丹参注射液组高,硝酸甘油、丹参注射液组的左心室重量指数、左心室截面直径、梗死面积明显较假手术组高（P<0.05）,硝酸甘油组与丹参注射液组以上指标对比无差异（P>0.05）。结论：丹参素注射液可改善急性心肌梗死大鼠的心室重构、左心室功能及肢体导联与胸导联心电图参数,可能与其可降低大鼠的血液流变学指标水平有关。