Alterations in Ionized and Total Blood Magnesium After Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury

Experimental evidence suggests that magnesium plays a role in the pathophysiological sequelae of brain injury. The present study examined the variation of blood ionized and total magnesium, as well as potassium, sodium, and ionized calcium, after experimental fluid percussion brain injury in rats. Blood ionized magnesium concentration significantly declined from 0.45 +/- 0.02 to 0.32 +/- 0.02 mM by 30 min postinjury and stayed depressed for the 24-h study period in vehicle-treated rats. Blood total magnesium concentration was 0.59 +/- 0.01 mM and remained stable over time in brain-injured vehicle-treated animals. When magnesium chloride (125 micromol/rat) was administered 1 h postinjury, ionized magnesium levels were restored by 2 h postinjury and remained at normal values up to 24 h following brain trauma. Magnesium treatment also significantly reduced posttraumatic neuromotor impairments 1 and 2 weeks after the insult, but failed to attenuate spatial learning deficits. A significant positive and linear correlation could be established between ionized magnesium levels measured 24 h postinjury and neuromotor outcome at 1 and 2 weeks. We conclude that acute ionized magnesium measurement may be a predictor of long-term neurobehavioral outcome following head injury and that delayed administration of magnesium chloride can restore blood magnesium concentration and attenuate neurological motor deficits in brain-injured rats.     

柱层析法纯化人血纤维蛋白原及其药理功能研究

目的:探讨层析法新工艺和原有的低温乙醇工艺制备纤维蛋白原在大鼠跟腱断裂模型中促恢复的效果差异。方法:构建大鼠跟腱部位断裂模型,将其分为空白组(未剪跟腱)、模型组(跟腱断裂未给药)、实验组(自制纤维蛋白原2 mg/mL)与对照组(市售纤维蛋白原2 mg/mL),观察各组大鼠在手术后三周跟腱部位的最大滑动距离、弹性模量和最大抗拉力差异。结果:采用冷沉淀溶解、酸沉除杂、S/D灭活病毒、MacroCap Q柱层析、过滤等流程可从人血浆冷沉淀组分Ⅰ中成功分离纯度为90.9%纤维蛋白原。试验中构建的大鼠跟腱部位断裂模型无感染、且均存活至试验终止。生物力学结果显示,四组大鼠跟腱在最大滑行距离上无明显统计学差异(P0.05);在跟腱部位弹性模量及最大抗压力比较上,实验组及对照组均优于模型组,但与空白组仍有一定差距,且差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:采用柱层析法分离人纤维蛋白原,不仅能有效提高分离效率,减少蛋白损失,还可增强纤维蛋白原在断裂跟腱中的促恢复效果。     

血浆D-二聚体、纤维蛋白原水平与骨创伤患者创伤程度的相关性

目的:分析骨创伤患者的血浆D-二聚体、纤维蛋白原水平及其与创伤程度的相关性。方法:收集2015年1月至2016年1月我院收治的骨创伤患者180例作为观察组,选择同期接受体检的健康者100例作为对照组。动态监测两组受检者入院后第1、3、6、10 d的血浆D-二聚(DD)和纤维蛋白原(FIB)的水平,并分析DD和FIB水平与骨创伤程度的相关性。结果:入院后第1、3、6、10 d,观察组的FIB和DD水平均出现下降趋势,但均显著高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。重度创伤组和中度创伤组患者的FIB水平显著高于轻度创伤组,且重度创伤组FIB水平显著高于中度创伤组,组间比较差异均具有统计学差异(P0.05)。从入院第1 d至10 d,3组患者的FIB水平均出现显著降低(P0.05)。轻度创伤组患者的DD水平最低,其次是中度创伤组,重度创伤组最高,组间比较差异均具有统计学差异(P0.05)。从入院第1 d至10 d,3组患者的DD水平均出现显著降低(P0.05)。此骨创伤患者创伤严重程度与FIB和DD的水平均呈现出显著正相关关系(r=0.64,P=0.003;r=0.71,P=0.002)。结论:骨创伤患者的血浆FIB和DD水平显著高于健康人,与创伤程度呈显著正相关,可能作为骨创伤患者病情程度和预后评估的生物指标。     

NEIL3-Dependent Regulation of Cardiac Fibroblast Proliferation Prevents Myocardial Rupture

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Neuroinflammation and Memory: The Role of Prostaglandins

Neuroinflammation is a complex response to brain injury involving the activation of glia, release of inflammatory mediators within the brain, and recruitment of peripheral immune cells. Interestingly, memory deficits have been observed following many inflammatory states including infection, traumatic brain injury (TBI), normal aging, and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Prostaglandins (PGs), a class of lipid mediators which can have inflammatory actions, are upregulated by these inflammatory challenges and can impair memory. In this paper, we critically review the success of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, which prevent the formation of PGs, in preventing neuroinflammation-induced memory deficits following lipopolysaccharide injection, TBI, aging, and experimental models of AD in rodents and propose a mechanism by which PGs could disrupt memory formation.     

肉苁蓉多糖的促淋巴细胞增殖作用

目的研究肉苁蓉多糖（CDPS）对小鼠淋巴细胞增殖的影响。方法MTT法检测小鼠脾淋巴细胞的增殖。环磷酰胺（Cy）复制免疫功能低下的动物模型,分别测定正常及免疫低下动物脾脏、胸腺指数。胸腺细胞增殖法测定白细胞介素-2（IL-2）活性。结果CDPS对丝裂原（ConA及LPS）活化淋巴细胞及未活化正常细胞均有明显促增殖作用,并促进淋巴细胞IL-2的分泌。腹腔给药显示CDPS具明显提高正常及免疫低下小鼠的脾指数,对因Cy所致胸腺指数的降低也有显著的对抗作用。结论CDPS可显著促进小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖,该作用可能与其促IL-2分泌有关。     

Mesenchymal stem cells and collagen patches for anterior cruciate ligament repair

AIM: To investigate collagen patches seeded with mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) and/or tenocytes(TCs) with regards to their suitability for anterior cruciate ligament(ACL) repair. METHODS: Dynamic intraligamentary stabilization utilizes a dynamic screw system to keep ACL remnants in place and promote biological healing, supplemented by collagen patches. How these scaffolds interact with cells and what type of benefit they provide has not yet been investigated in detail. Primary ACL-derived TCs and human bone marrow derived MSCs were seeded onto two different types of 3D collagen scaffolds, Chondro-Gide?(CG) and Novocart?(NC). Cells were seeded onto the scaffolds and cultured for 7 d either as a pure populations or as "premix" containing a 1:1 ratio of TCs to MSCs. Additionally, as controls, cells were seeded in monolayers and in co-cultures on both sides of porous high-density membrane inserts(0.4 μm). We analyzed the patches by real time polymerase chain reaction, glycosaminoglycan(GAG), DNA and hydroxyproline(HYP) content. To determine cell spreading and adherence in the scaffolds microscopic imaging techniques, i.e., confocal laser scanning microscopy(c LSM) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM), were applied.RESULTS: CLSM and SEM imaging analysis confirmed cell adherence onto scaffolds. The metabolic cell activity revealed that patches promote adherence and proliferation of cells. The most dramatic increase in absolute metabolic cell activity was measured for CG samples seeded with tenocytes or a 1:1 cell premix. Analysis of DNA content and c LSM imaging also indicated MSCs were not proliferating as nicely as tenocytes on CG. The HYP to GAG ratio significantly changed for the premix group, resulting from a slightly lower GAG content, demonstrating that the cells are modifying the underlying matrix. Real-time quantitativepolymerase chain reaction data indicated that MSCs showed a trend of differentiation towards a more tenogenic-like phenotype after 7 d.CONCLUSION: CG and NC are both cyto-compatible with primary MSCs and TCs; TCs seemed to perform better on these collagen patches than MSCs.     

A multi-body dynamics study on a weight-drop test of rat brain injury

Traumatic brain injury (TBI), induced by impact of an object with the head, is a major health problem worldwide. Rats are a well-established animal analogue for study of TBI and the weight-drop impact-acceleration (WDIA) method is a well-established model in rats for creating diffuse TBI, the most common form of TBI seen in humans. However, little is known of the biomechanics of the WDIA method and, to address this, we have developed a four-degrees-of-freedom multi-body mass-spring-damper model for the WDIA test in rats. An analytical expression of the maximum skull acceleration, one of the important head injury predictor, was derived and it shows that the maximum skull acceleration is proportional to the impact velocity but independent of the impactor mass. Furthermore, a dimensional analysis disclosed that the maximum force on the brain and maximum relative displacement between brain and skull are also linearly proportional to impact velocity. Additionally, the effects of the impactor mass were examined through a parametric study from the developed multi-body dynamics model. It was found that increasing impactor mass increased these two brain injury predictors.