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71.
小麦-中间偃麦草双体异附加系的鉴定 总被引:12,自引:1,他引:11
利用形态学、细胞学、A-PADE和RAPD方法,对5个小麦-中间偃麦草(Thinopyrum intermedium)双体异附加系Line 1、Line 4、Line 10、Line 14和Line 15进行了鉴定。细胞学鉴定结果表明,它们根尖细胞染色体数目为2n=44,花粉母细胞减数分裂中期Ⅰ(PMCMⅠ)染色体构型为2n=22 Ⅱ,具有高度的细胞学稳定性;形态学鉴定和A-PADE电泳分析证明,Line 1和Line 15可能附加了中间偃麦草第7部分同源群的染色体,Line 10和Line 14可能附加了中间偃麦草第1部分同源群的染色体,Line4则可能同时存在多种染色体变异;RAPD分析表明,在供试的100个随机引物中,有5个引物S21、S29、S57、S121和S152能够在亲本中间偃麦草和双体异附加系中稳定扩增出特异带型,并可作为异附加系所附加染色体的特异RAPD标记。 相似文献
72.
S. Tang Z. Li X. Jia P. J. Larkin 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2000,100(3-4):344-352
Genomic in situhybridization (GISH) to root-tip cells at mitotic metaphase, using genomic DNA probes from Thinopyrum intermedium and Pseudoroegneria strigosa, was used to examine the genomic constitution of Th. intermedium, the 56-chromosome partial amphiploid to wheat called Zhong 5 and disease-resistant derivatives of Zhong 5, in a wheat background.
Evidence from GISH indicated that Th. intermedium contained seven pairs of St, seven JS and 21 J chromosomes; three pairs of Th. intermedium chromosomes with satellites in their short arms belonging to the St, J, J genomes and homoeologous groups 1, 1, and 5 respectively.
GISH results using different materials and different probes showed that seven pairs of added Th. intermedium chromosomes in Zhong 5 included three pairs of St chromosomes, two pairs of JS chromosomes and two pairs of St-JS reciprocal tanslocation chromosomes. A pair of chromosomes, which substituted a pair of wheat chromosomes in Yi 4212 and
in HG 295 and was added to 21 pairs of wheat chromosomes in the disomic additions Z1, Z2 and Z6, conferred BYDV-resistance
and was identical to a pair of St-JS tanslocation chromosomes (StJS) in Zhong 5. The StJS chromosome had a special GISH signal pattern and could be easily distinguished from other added chromosomes in Zhong 5; it
has not yet been possible to locate the BYDV-resistant gene(s) of this translocated chromosome either in the St chromosome
portion belonging to homoeologous group 2 or in the JS chromosome portion whose homoeologous group relationship is still uncertain. Among 22 chromosome pairs in disomic addition
line Z3, the added chromosome pair had satellites and belonged to the St genome and homoeologous group 1. Disomic addition
line Z4 carried a pair of added chromosomes which was composed of a group-7 JS chromosome translocated with a wheat chromosome; this chromosome was different to 7 Ai-1, but was identical to 7 Ai-2. The
leaf rust and stem rust resistance genes were located in the distal region of the long arm, whereas the stripe rust resistance
gene(s) was located in the short arm or in the proximal region of the long arm of 7 Ai-2. A pair of JS-wheat translocation chromosomes, which originated from the WJS chromosomes in Z4, was added to the disomic addition line Z5; the added chromosomes of Z5 carried leaf and stem rust resistance
but not stripe rust resistance; Z5 is a potentially useful source for rust resistance genes in wheat breeding and for cloning
these novel rust-resistant genes. GISH analysis using the St genome as a probe has proved advantageous in identifying alien
Th. intermedium in wheat.
Received: 17 May 1999 / Accepted: 22 June 1999 相似文献
73.
携带抗黄矮病基因的中间偃麦草染色体2Ai—2特异的分子标记 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
小麦-中间偃麦草二体异附加系Z1、Z2具有一对携带抗黄矮病基因的中间偃麦草染色体2Ai-2。利用中间偃麦草(Thinopyrum intermedium (Host) Bakwoth and Dewey)和拟鹅冠草(Pseudoroegneia strigosa)基因组DNA作探针,对Z1、Z2进行基因组原位杂交分析。结果表明,Z1、Z2附加的一对中间偃麦草染色体2Ai-2为St-E染色体,E组染 相似文献
74.
蓝色色素在蓝粒小麦种子糊粉层中的生物合成途径的分子生物学机制至今仍不清楚.应用RT-PCR和RACE方法从蓝粒小麦正在发育的种子中克隆到一个编码二氢黄酮醇4-还原酶的基因(DFR).推测其为花青素生物合成途径中的一个关键基因,且与蓝粒小麦中蓝色色素形成密切相关;其开放阅读框编码一个包含354个氨基酸残基的多肽,与一些从其他植物中已克隆到的DFR有很高的同源性:大麦(94%)、水稻(83%)、玉米(84%).从长穗偃麦草(2n=70)、蓝粒小麦、浅蓝粒小麦自交产生的白粒后代小麦以及中国春的基因组中分别分离到一个全长DFR序列.经聚类分析表明DFR cDNA核甘酸序列与从中国春基因组中克隆的DFR具有100%的同源性,且与长穗偃麦草、蓝粒小麦、白粒小麦基因组中分离的DFR均有很高的同源性.4个DFR基因组DNA均含有3个内含子,且它们之间的差异主要在内含子区,表明该基因在进化上很保守.经Southern杂交分析,DFR在小麦中至少有3~5个拷贝,不同小麦材料间未见明显差异,但与长穗偃麦草有明显差异,属于一个DFR超基因家族.Northern分析表明该DFR在蓝粒和白粒种子的不同发育时期的表达存在明显差异,都在开花后大约18 d表达最强,在同一时期的蓝白种子中,DFR在蓝粒种子中的表达量高于白粒.DFR转录本在小麦和长穗偃麦草的幼叶中积累多,但在芽鞘中的表达显著低于幼叶中;在小麦的根和长穗偃麦草的发育种子中均未检测到DFR的表达.推测蓝粒小麦中可能存在调控DFR在蓝粒小麦中表达的调控基因,类似于玉米花青素合成途径中的调节基因. 相似文献
75.
Mapping of a BYDV resistance gene from Thinopyrum intermedium in wheat background by molecular markers 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
The wheat line H960642 is a homozygous wheat-Thinopyrum intermedium translocation line with resistance to BYDV by genomie in situ hybridization (GISH) and RFLP analysis. The genomie DNA of Th. intermedium was used as a probe, and eonunon wheat genomie DNA as a blocking in GISH experiment. The results showed that the chromosome segments of Th. intermedium were transferred to the distal end of a pair of wheat chromosomes. RFLP analysis indicated that the transloeation line H960642 is a T7DS·7DL-7XL translocation by using 8 probes mapped on the homoeologous group 7 in wheat. The tranalocation breakpoint is located between Xpsr680 and Xpsr965 about 90—99 cM from the centromere. The RFLP markers psr680 and psr687 were closoly linked with the BYDV resistance gene. The gene is located on the distal end of 7XL around Xpsr680 and Xpsr687. 相似文献
76.
Zengyan Zhang Zhiyong Xin Youzhi Ma Xiao Chen Qiongfang Xu Zhishan Lin 《中国科学:生命科学英文版》1999,42(6):663-668
The wheat line H960642 is a homozygous wheat-Thinopyrum intermedium translocation line with resistance to BYDV by genomicin situ hybridization (GISH) and RFLP analysis. The genomic DNA ofTh. intermedium was used as a probe, and common wheat genomic DNA as a blocking in GISH experiment. The results showed that the chromosome
segments ofTh. intermedium were transferred to the distal end of a pair of wheat chromosomes. RFLP analysis indicated that the translocation line H960642
is a T7DS-7DL-7XL translocation by using 8 probes mapped on the homoeologous group 7 in wheat. The translocation breakpoint
is located between Xpsr680 and Xpsr965 about 90–99 cM from the centromere. The RFLP markers psr680 and psr687 were closely
linked with the BYDV resistance gene. The gene is located on the distal end of 7XL around Xpsr680 and Xpsr687.
Project supported by the 863 program and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 39680027). 相似文献
77.
Shu-Bing LIU Hong-Gang WANG Xue-Yong ZHANG Xing-Feng LI Da-Yong LI Xia-Yu DUAN Yi-Lin ZHOU 《植物学报(英文版)》2005,47(6):726-733
Abstract: Wide cross and molecular cytogenetic methods were used to transfer the powdery mildew resistance gene from Thinopyron intermedium(Host) Barkworth & DR Dewey to wheat. Among the progeny of crossing common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Yannong 15 with Th. intermedium, a partial amphiploid E990256, with resistance to powdery mildew, was developed. It had 56 chromosomes and could form 28 bivalents in pollen mother cells at metaphase I of meiosis. Resistance verification by race 15 at the seedling stage and by mixed strains of Erysiphales gramnis DC. f. sp. tritici Em. Marchal at the adult stage showed it was immune to powdery mildew at both stages. Gene postulation via 21 isolates of E. gramnis f. sp. tritici and 29 differential hosts showed it was nearly immune to all the isolates used, and its resistance pattern was different from all the mildew resistance genes used, which indicated it probably contained a new resistance gene to powdery mildew. Biochemical verification showed it might convey different Th. intermedium chromosomes from those of the wheat‐ Th. intermedium partial amphiploids Zhong 1–5. Genomic in situ hybridization analysis by using St genomic DNA as the probe showed E990256 contained a recombination genome of St and E. (Managing editor: Wei WANG) 相似文献
78.
A 24 h exposure of the salt-tolerant grass Thinopyrum bessarabicum (Savul. and Rayss) A. Love seedlings to 1 mM aluminium
(Al) in nutrient solution at pH of 9.0 resulted in a significant reduction of the biomass. In control samples the mesophyll
chloroplasts exhibited the usual lens shape with most grana arranged in straight or slightly curving lines, and only 6.5 %
of the grana were out of order. In Al-treated plants the mesophyll chloroplasts displayed a slightly distorted shape and distended
size with most grana arranged in bow-like lines, while in the central region of the organelle as many as 26.7 % of the grana
were independent and out of order in relation to the long axis. The morphological changes in the chloroplast shape and grana
arrangement were probably due to swelling and distension of the chloroplasts in consequence to the altered membrane permeability.
The initial in vivo chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence FO, as well as the intermediate FI and peak fluorescence FP were increased
under the Al stress: this indicated a destruction of photosystem (PS) 2 reaction centres and increased reduction of QA. The
(FI-FO)/(FP-FO) ratio exhibited a significant increase indicating higher proportion of PS2 centres unable to reduce QB. Changes
in the chloroplast ultrastructure seemed to be the reason of photosynthetic electron transport inhibition. Yet all these changes
in the photosynthetic performance and chloroplast ultrastructure were considered as indirect effects of Al treatment since
Al concentration in the leaves was undetectable. Disturbances in the chloroplast ultrastructure could be caused by a reduced
uptake and/or transport of other nutrients.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
79.
对十倍体长穗偃麦草(Thinopyrum ponticum)与普通小麦杂交F1及其与普通小麦回交BC1F1的形态学和细胞学特性进行了分析。结果表明,长穗偃麦草与普通小麦‘兰考矮早八’衍生F1(‘兰考小偃麦’)的根尖细胞染色体数为56条;花粉母细胞减数分裂中期Ⅰ染色体构型平均值为19.81Ⅰ+15.78Ⅱ+0.75Ⅲ+0.59Ⅳ;基因组荧光原位杂交(GISH)显示,兰考小偃麦中含有35条完整的长穗偃麦草和21条小麦染色体。‘兰考小偃麦’/‘科育818’和‘兰考小偃麦’/‘Cp02-3-5-5’杂交F1的根尖细胞染色体数及其所遗传的长穗偃麦草染色体数分别为50~52和16~22条,且存在染色体易位;花粉母细胞减数分裂中期Ⅰ平均染色体构型为14.54Ⅰ+17.40Ⅱ+0.55Ⅲ+0.14Ⅳ,平均49.4%的细胞出现多价体(三价体或四价体)。这些材料为创造小麦-长穗偃麦草新种质奠定了基础。 相似文献
80.
Xiaorong Shen Herbert Ohm 《Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement》2007,20(2):131-140
Resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was identified in disomic chromosome substitution and translocation lines, into which chromosome 7el2 had been introgressed from wheatgrass, Thinopyrum ponticum. In this study, two chromosome substitution lines with different origins (designated as el1 and el2) and with different reactions to infection by F. graminearum were crossed to develop a segregating mapping population. The objectives of this study were to determine the effectiveness
of this type II resistance and map it on chromosome 7el2. Type II resistance to FHB was characterized in the F2, F2:3 families, F4:5 plants and F5:6 recombinant inbred lines developed by single-seed descent; and the population was characterized in the F2 and F5 with DNA markers along the long arm of 7el. Composite interval mapping revealed a FHB resistance QTL, designated Qfhs.pur-7EL, located in the distal region of the long arm of 7el2 and delimited with flanking markers XBE445653 and Xcfa2240. Additive effects of Qfhs.pur-7EL reduced the number of diseased spikelets per spike following inoculation of one floret in four experiments by 1.5–2.6 and
explained 15.1–32.5% of the phenotypic variation in the populations. Several STS-derived and EST-derived PCR or CAPS markers
were developed in this chromosomal region, and showed the specificity of 7el2 compared to an array of wheat lines possessing other sources of FHB resistance. These markers are useful in an effort to
shorten the chromosome segment of 7el2 and to use for marker-assisted introgression of this resistance into wheat. 相似文献